SUSSEX  , a See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, bounded N. by See also:

• SURREY
• SURREY, EARLDOM OF
• SURREY, HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF (1518?-1547)

Surrey, N.E. by See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent, S. by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English Channel, and W. by See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire . The See also:

• AREA

area is 1459.2 sq. m . The extreme length from E. to W. is 78 m., while the breadth never exceeds 28 m., but the county is not wholly on the southward slope, for in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• DISTRICT

district it contributes a small drainage area to the See also:

• THAMES

Thames See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin, and the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• MEDWAY

Medway rises in it . A See also:

• LINE

line of hills known as the See also:

• FOREST

Forest Ridges forms the See also:

• WATERSHED

watershed . Its direction is E.S.E. from the northern See also:

• PART

part of the county to the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast at Fairlight Down See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of See also:

• HASTINGS
• HASTINGS, FRANCIS
• HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY (1794-1828)
• HASTINGS, WARREN (1732-1818)

Hastings, and it reaches a height of about 800 ft. in the neighbourhood of Crowborough . The salient See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical feature of the county, however, is the See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill range called the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• DOWNS

Downs (see DowNs) . Entering in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, where its See also:

• SUMMIT

summit is about to m. from the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, it runs east for some 5o m., gradually approaching the coast, and terminating in the bold promontory of Beachy See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

Head near See also:

• EASTBOURNE

Eastbourne . The See also:

• AVERAGE

average height is about 500 ft., though some summits exceed 700, and Ditchling See also:

• BEACON (from the O. Eng. beacn, a sign, cf. " beckon," another form of the same word)

Beacon is over 800 . The portion of the county See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the South Downs is called the See also:

• WEALD, THE

Weald (q.v.) . It was formerly covered with forest, and this part of the county is till well wooded . About 166o the See also:

• TOTAL

total area under forest ..,as estimated to exceed 200,000 acres, but much See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood was cut to See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply the furnaces of the ironworks which formed an important See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry in the county down to the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and survived even until the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years of the 19th . The See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers wholly within the county are small .

All rise in the Forest Ridges, and all, except the Rother, which forms part of the boundary with Kent, and falls into the sea below See also:

• RYE

Rye, See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach the South Downs . From east to west they are the Cuckmere, rising near See also:

• HEATHFIELD, GEORGE AUGUSTUS ELIOTT, BARON (r717-1790)

Heathfield; the See also:

• OUSE

Ouse, Adur and Arun, all rising in the district of St Leonard's Forest, and having at their mouths the ports of See also:

• NEWHAVEN

Newhaven, See also:

• SHOREHAM

Shoreham and See also:

• LITTLEHAMPTON

Littlehampton respectively . The natural See also:

• TRENCH, RICHARD CHENEVIX (1807-1886)

trench known as the See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

Devil's See also:

• DIKE, or DYKE (Old Eng. dic, a word which appears in various forms in many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch dijk, German Teich, Danish dige, and in French, derived from Teutonic, digue; it is the same word as " ditch " and is ultimately connected with the ro

Dike is a point greatly favoured by visitors from See also:

• BRIGHTON

Brighton . The coast-line is practically coextensive with the extreme breadth of the county, and its See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character greatly varies . The sea has done See also:

• GREAT

great damage by incursion at some points, and has receded in others, within historic times . Thus what is now See also:

• MARSH (O. F. mersc, for merisc, a place full of "meres" or pools; cf. Ger. Meer, sea, Lat. mare)
• MARSH, ADAM (ADAM DE MARISCO) (d. c. 1258)
• MARSH, GEORGE PERKINS (1801-1882)
• MARSH, HERBERT (1757–1839)
• MARSH, NARCISSUS (1638-1713)
• MARSH, OTHNIEL CHARLES (1831-1899)

marsh-See also:

• LAND

land or "Levels" See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round See also:

• PEVENSEY

Pevensey was formerly an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island-studded See also:

• BAY

bay . In the east See also:

• WINCHELSEA
• WINCHELSEA, ANNE FINCH, COUNTESS OF (1661-1720)
• WINCHELSEA, ROBERT (d. 1313)

Winchelsea and Rye, members of the Cinque Ports, and great See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval towns, are deprived of their See also:

• STANDING

standing, the one wholly and the other in part, since a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract interposes between their elevated sites where formerly was a navigable inlet . Yet the total submergence of the site of Old Winchelsea was effected in the 13th century . The site of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of Selsey is a mile out at sea . Between 1292 and 1340 upwards of 5500 acres were submerged . In the early part of the 14th century Pagham See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

Harbour was formed by a sudden irruption of the sea, devastating 2700 acres, since reclaimed . There is See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to believe that the whole coast-line has subsequently been slightly raised .

These changes are reflected in the numerous alterations recorded in the course of certain of the rivers near their mouths . Thus the Rother was diverted by a great See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm on the 12th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1250, before which date it entered the sea 12 M. to the east . The out-let of the Ouse was at See also:

• SEAFORD

Seaford until 1570, and that of the Adur formerly shifted from See also:

• YEAR

year to year, ranging east and west over a distance of 2 M . Submerged forests are found off the See also:

• SHORE

shore at various points . See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long stretches of See also:

• FIRM

firm See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand, and the mild See also:

• CLIMATE

climate of the coast, sheltered by the hills from ncrth and east winds, have resulted in the growth of numerous watering-places, of which the most popular are Brighton, Hastings, Eastbourne, See also:

• BEXHILL

Bexhill, Seaford, Shoreham, See also:

• WORTHING

Worthing, Littlehampton and See also:

• BOGNOR

Bognor . See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

Geology.—The disposition of the See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock formations of Sussex is See also:

• SIMPLE

simple . The South Downs consist of See also:

• CHALK

chalk, which extends from Beachy Head by Seaford, Brighton, See also:

• LEWES
• LEWES, CHARLES LEE (1740–1803)

Lewes, See also:

• STEYNING

Steyning and See also:

• GOODWOOD

Goodwood to the western border . The See also:

• DIP (Old Eng. dyppan, connected with the common Teutonic root seen in " deep ")

dip of the chalk is southerly, while a strong es.arpment faces the north . From the summit of the Downs the hilly See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country observed on the northern See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side is occupied mainly by the Hastings Beds and the Weald See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

Clay; at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the escarpment See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie the See also:

• GAULT

Gault and Upper See also:

• GREENSAND

Greensand, while between these formations and the See also:

• WEALDEN

Wealden rocks there is an elevated See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge of ground formed by the See also:

• LOWER

Lower Greensand . On the southern side, narrow at Brighton but broadening westward, is a level tract, 8 m. wide in the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula of Selsey, which owes its level character to the See also:

• ACTION

action of marine planation . This tract is occupied partly by Chalk and partly by See also:

• TERTIARY

Tertiary rocks, both much obscured by more See also:

• RECENT

recent deposits . On this side the chalk hills are deeply notched by dry valleys or coombs, which frequently end in cirques near the north-See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

ward escarpment .

The See also:

• PRESENT

present aspect of the strata has been determined by the broad east and west See also:

• FOLD

fold with its subordinate members, known as the Wealden anticline . Only the southern and central portions of this anticline are included in this country; at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time there is no doubt that the Chalk, Greensand and Gault covered the entire area in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of an uplifted See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome, but denudation has removed the Chalk and most of the other formations as far as the North Downs, exposing thereby the underlying Wealden Beds . The See also:

• OLDEST

oldest rocks thus brought to See also:

• LIGHT

light along the See also:

• CREST
• CREST (Lat. crista, a plume or tuft)

crest of the anticline are the Purbeck Beds, small patches of shale and See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone, with some important beds of See also:

• GYPSUM

gypsum, which lie north-west of See also:

• BATTLE

Battle . A deep See also:

• BORING

boring (1905 ft.) at Netherfield, passed through See also:

• PORTLANDIAN

Portlandian Beds and Kimmeridge Clay into See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford Clay, but these do not appear anywhere at the See also:

• SURFACE

surface . Above the Purbeck Beds, and covering all the north-eastern portion of the county from the coast at Bexhill and Rye to See also:

• HORSHAM

Horsham, are sands and See also:

• CLAYS, PAUL JEAN (1819-1900)

clays of the Lower Wealden or Hastings Beds . This includes the following See also:

• LOCAL

local subdivisions, in ascending See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order; the Fairlight Clay, Ashdown Sand, Wadhurst Clay, Lower Tunbridge See also:

• WELLS
• WELLS, CHARLES JEREMIAH (1798?–1879)
• WELLS, DAVID AMES (1828—1898)
• WELLS, HERBERT GEORGE (1866— )
• WELLS, SIR THOMAS SPENCER, 1ST BART

Wells Sand, Grinstead Clay and Upper Tunbridge Wells Sand (with Tilgate See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone at the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top and Cuckfield Clay at the See also:

• BASE

base) . The Weald Clay occupies a See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

belt of lower ground on the south and west of the Hastings Sands, it consists of See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue and mottled clays with thin sand layers and beds of hard limestone, the " Sussex See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble" with the shells of Paludina . The Horsham Stone is another local hard See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed . Near Tilgate the remains of See also:

• IGUANODON

Iguanodon have been found in this formation . Bordering the outcrop of the Weald Clay is the Lower Greensand; it appears a little north of Eastbourne and passes thence through Ringmer, Storrington, Pulborough, Petworth, See also:

• MIDHURST

Midhurst and Linchmere . It contains the following divisions in ascending order—the Atherfield Clay, See also:

• HYTHE

Hythe Beds (sandy limestone, See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone and chert), See also:

• SANDGATE

Sandgate Beds and See also:

• FOLKESTONE

Folkestone Beds . The See also:

• EOCENE (Gr. *In, dawn, icauvos, recent)

Eocene strata lying south of the Downs and west of Brighton—with the exception of some outliers of See also:

• READING

Reading Beds near Seaford—include the See also:

• WOOLWICH

Woolwich and Reading Beds, See also:

• LONDON

London Clay (with hard " Bognor Rock"), the Bagshot and Bracklesham Beds; the last-named formation is very fossiliferous in the bay of that name .

As already mentioned, superficial deposits See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover much of the low ground west of Brighton; these,include glacial deposits with large boulders, raised beaches, See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth and gravels, marine and estuarine, and the interesting Coombe rock or Brighton See also:

• ELEPHANT

Elephant Bed, a coarse See also:

• RUBBLE

rubble of chalk See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste formed See also:

• LATE

late in the Glacial See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, well exposed in the cliff at See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black Rock east of Brighton, where it rests on a raised See also:

• BEACH

beach . The natural See also:

• GAS

gas of Heathfield comes from the Lower Wealden and Purbeck Beds . The Wadhurst Clay was formerly an important source of See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron ore . Climate and See also:

• AGRICULTURE
• AGRICULTURE (from Lat. ages, field, and colere, to cultivate)
• AGRICULTURE, BOARD OF

Agriculture.—The climate of the coast district is mild, equable and dry, while that of the Wealden shows greater extremes of temperature, and is rather wetter . The mean daily range of temperature in the Weald is about See also:

• HALF

half as much again as on the coast . The See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the sea in modifying the temperature of the coast district is specially noticeable in the autumn months, when the temperature is higher than in the Weald and other parts of England northwards . The coast district is specially suitable for See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market gardens and for growing See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit trees . The fig gardens of West Tarring are celebrated . About seven-tenths of the total area is under cultivation, and of this nearly three-fifths is in permanent pasture . Sussex is still one of the best-wooded counties in England . The acreage under See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain crops shows a large decrease; nearly the whole of it is occupied by oats and See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat . The acreage under See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green crops is mainly devoted to turnips and other See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food for See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle and to the supply of vegetables for the London market .

The growing of hops has not kept See also:

• PACE (through O. Fr. pas, from Lat. passus, step, properly the stretch of the leg in walking, from pandere, to stretch)
• PACE, RICHARD (c. 1482-1536)

pace with that in the neighbouring county of Kent . Cattle are kept in increasing See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers both for breeding and for See also:

• DAIRY

dairy purposes . The South Downs afford excellent pasture for See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep and Sussex is famed for a See also:

• SPECIAL

special breed of black-faced sheep . The numbers, however, show a steady decrease . Poultry farming is largely carried on in some parts . The See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough-English, by which land descends to the youngest son, prevailed to an extra-See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary degree in Sussex, and no fewer than 140 manors have been catalogued in which it was found . See also:

• GAVELKIND

Gavelkind See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure existed in Rye, in the large See also:

• MANOR

manor of Brede, and in Coustard manor (in Brede See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish) . Other See also:

• INDUSTRIES

Industries.—The manufacturing industries are meagre . The London, Brighton & South Coast Railway See also:

• COMPANY

Company has large See also:

• WORKS

works at Brighton . At Heathfield in 1901 the development of the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of natural gas was begun by a private company . The See also:

• FISHERIES

fisheries are of great importance, including See also:

• COD

cod, See also:

• HERRINGS, BATTLE OF THE

herrings, See also:

• MACKEREL

mackerel, sprats, See also:

• PLAICE (Pleuronectes platessa)

plaice, soles, turbot, shrimps, crabs, lobsters, oysters, mussels, cockles, whelks and periwinkles . See also:

• BEDE, BEDA, or B
• BEDE, CUTHBERT

Bede records that St See also:

• WILFRID (c. 634-709)

Wilfrid, when he visited the county in 681, taught the See also:

• PEOPLE

people the See also:

• ART

art of See also:

• NET

net-fishing .

At the time of the Domesday survey the fisheries were extensive, and no fewer than 285 saline (saltworks) existed . The customs of the Brighton fishermen were reduced to See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing in 1579 . Communications.—Communications are provided by the London, Brighton & South Coast railway by lines from the north to St Leonards and Hastings, to Eastbourne, to Lewes and Newhaven, to Brighton, to Shoreham, and to See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• ARUNDEL, THOMAS (1353-1414)

Arundel and See also:

• CHICHESTER

Chichester, with numerous branches and a connecting line along the coast . The South-Eastern & See also:

• CHATHAM
• CHATHAM, WILLIAM PITT

Chatham railway serves Bexhill, St Leonards and Hastings, with a coastal See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch eastward by Rye . Light See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways run from Chichester to Selsey (Selsey railway) and from See also:

• ROBERTS, DAVID (1796-1864)
• ROBERTS, FREDERICK SLEIGH ROBERTS, EARL

Roberts-See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge to Bodiam and See also:

• TENTERDEN
• TENTERDEN, CHARLES ABBOTT

Tenterden (Rother Valley railway) . There are no See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good harbours, and none of the ports is of first importance . From Newhaven, however, a large See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is carried on with See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and daily services of passenger steamers of the Brighton Railway Company ply to See also:

• DIEPPE

Dieppe . See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

Population and See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

Administration.—The area of the ancient county is 933,887 acres, with a population in 1891 of 550,446 and in 1901 of 605,202 . The earliest statement as to the population is made by Bede, who describes the county as containing in the year 681 land of 7000 families; allowing ten to a See also:

• FAMILY

family (not an unreasonable estimate at that date), the total population would be 70,000 . In 1693 the county is stated to have contained 2I,537 houses . If seven were allowed to a See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house at that date, the total population would be 150,759 . It is curious, therefore, to observe that in 18ot the population was only 159,311 .

The decline of the Sussex iron-works probably accounts for the small increase of population during several centuries, although after the See also:

• MASSACRE

massacre of St See also:

• BARTHOLOMEW, JOHN (1831-1893)
• BARTHOLOMEW, SAINT

Bartholomew upwards of 1500 See also:

• HUGUENOTS

Huguenots landed at Rye, and in 1685, after the revocation of the See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

Edict of See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes, many more refugees were added to the county . An See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VII . (1504) directed that for convenience the county See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court should be held at Lewes as well as at Chichester, and this apparently gave rise to the See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of Sussex into east and west parts, each of which is an administrative county . East Sussex has an area of 528,807 acres and West Sussex of 403, 602 acres . Sussex includes the county boroughs of Brighton and Hastings . East Sussex contains the municipal boroughs of Bexhill (pop . 12,213), Brighton (123,478), Eastbourne (43,344), Hastings (65,528), See also:

• HOVE

Hove (36,535), Lewes (11,249) and Rye (3900) . The See also:

• URBAN
• URBAN (Urbanus)

urban districts in this division are Battle (2996), See also:

• BURGESS (Med. Lat. burgensis, from burgus, a borough, a town)
• BURGESS, DANIEL (1645-1713)
• BURGESS, THOMAS (1756–1837)

Burgess Hill (4888), Cuckfield (1813), East Grinstead (6094), Haywards See also:

• HEATH
• HEATH, BENJAMIN (1704-1766)
• HEATH, WILLIAM (1737—1814)

Heath (3717), Newhaven (6772), Portslade-by-Sea (5217), Seaford (3355) and Uckfield (2895) . In West Sussex the municipal boroughs are Arundel (2739), Chichester, a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city (12,244) and Worthing (20,015) . The urban districts are Bognor (618o), Horsham (9446), Littlehampton (7363), Shoreham (3837) and Southwick (3364) . The ancient county, which is almost entirely in the See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese of Chichester, contains 377 ecclesiastical parishes or districts, wholly or in part . The total number of See also:

• CIVIL

civil parishes is 338 .

Sussex is divided into the following See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary divisions: northern or East Grinstead, eastern or Rye, southern or Eastbourne, See also:

• MID

mid or Lewes, south-western or Chichester, north-western or Horsham, each returning one member; and contains the parliamentary boroughs of Brighton, returning two members, and Hastings, returning one . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—Apart from conclusions to be See also:

• DRAWN

drawn from pre-historic remains, the history of Sussex begins in 477, when the See also:

• SAXONS

Saxons landed in the west of the county under See also:

• ELLA
• ELLA (d. 588)
• ELLA (d. 867)
• ELLA (d. c. 514)

Ella and his three sons, and built up the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of the South Saxons (see SUSSEX, KINGDOM OF, below) . They took the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman city of Regnum, which became Chichester, and drove the See also:

• BRITISH

British westward, into the forest .of Andred . The Roman fortress of See also:

• ANDERIDA

Anderida, the site of the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Pevensey, also See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell to the Saxons . Ella became the most influential of the contemporary Saxon chiefs, and was, according to Bede, the first See also:

• BRETWALDA

Bretwalda . After his time the kingdom of Sussex gradually declined, and fell entirely under the dominion of Wessex in 823 . Interesting Saxon remains are found in numerous cemeteries, and scattered See also:

• BURIAL

burial places along the south slopes of the Downs . The See also:

• CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

cemetery on High Down hill, where weapons, ornaments and vessels of various kinds were found, and the Chanctonbury hoard of coins, are among the most noticeable See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics . A See also:

• COIN
• COIN (older forms of the word are coyne, quoin and coign, all derived through the O. Fr. coing, and cuigne from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

coin of Off a of See also:

• MERCIA

Mercia, found at Beddingham, recalls the See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter of See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

Archbishop Wilfred in 825, in which See also:

• OFFA
• OFFA (d. 796)

Offa's connexion with the monastery in that See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place is recorded . From 895 Sussex suffered from See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant raids by the Danes, till the See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of Canute, after which arose the two great forces of the house of See also:

• GODWINE (d. 1o53)

Godwine and of the See also:

• NORMANS

Normans . Godwine was probably a native of Sussex, and by the end of the See also:

• CONFESSOR

Confessor's reign a third part of the county was in the hands of his family . See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman influence was already strong in Sussex before the See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest; the harbours of Hastings, Rye, Winchelsea and Steyning being in the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the Norman See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey of See also:

• FECAMP

Fecamp, while the Norman See also:

• CHAPLAIN

chaplain of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward the Confessor, Osbern, afterwards See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• EXETER
• EXETER, EARL, MARQUESS AND DUKE OF

Exeter, held the See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of Bosham .

The county was of great importance to the Normans; Hastings and Pevensey being on the most See also:

• DIRECT

direct route for See also:

• NORMANDY

Normandy . See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William was accordingly careful to secure the lines of communication with London by placing the lands in the hands of men See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound by See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close ties to himself, such as his half-See also:

• BROTHER

brother, the See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• MORTAIN

Mortain, who held Pevensey, and his son-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, William de See also:

• WARENNE, EARLS

Warenne, who held Lewes . With the exception of lands held by the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church and the See also:

• CROWN

Crown, the five rapes of Sussex were held by these and three other Norman tenants-inchief: William de See also:

• BRAOSE, WILLIAM DE (d. 1211)

Braose, the count of Eu, and See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• MONTGOMERY
• MONTGOMERY ( Tre' Faldwyn)
• MONTGOMERY, GABRIEL, SEIGNEUR DE LORGES, COMTE DE (c. 1530-1574)
• MONTGOMERY, JAMES (1771-1854)
• MONTGOMERY, ROBERT (1807-1855)

Montgomery, who held respectively Bramber, Hastings and Arundel . The See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of Battle was afterwards made into a See also:

• RAPE
• RAPE (from Lat. rapere, to seize)
• RAPE (Lat. rapum or rapa, turnip)

rape by the Conqueror, and provides one of the arguments in favour of the theory of the Norman origin of these unique divisions of the county . - The county was divided into five (afterwards six) strips, See also:

• RUNNING

running north and south, and having each a See also:

• TOWN

town of military, commercial and maritime importance . These were the rapes, and each had its See also:

• SHERIFF

sheriff, in addition to the sheriff of the whole county . Whether the origin of the rapes, as districts, is to be found in the Icelandic territorial division hreppr (rejected in the New English See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary), or in the Saxon See also:

• RAP

rap, a rope, or is of Norman origin, as lordships they undoubtedly owed their existence to the Normans . The holdings—which had been scattered under the Saxons, so that one See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man's holding might be in more than one rape—were now determined, not by the manors in which they See also:

• LAY

lay, but by the See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders of the rape . Another peculiarity of the division of land in Sussex is that, apparently, each hide of land had eight instead of the usual four virgates . The county boundary was long and somewhat indeterminate on the north, owing to the dense forest of Andredsweald, which was uninhabited till the rrth century . See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

Evidence of this is seen in Domesday See also:

• BOOK

Book by the survey of See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

Worth and Lodsworth under Surrey, and also by the fact that as late as 1834 the pre-sent parishes of north and south See also:

• AMERSHAM

Amersham in Sussex were part of Hampshire . At the time of the Domesday Survey Sussex contained sixty hundreds, which have been little altered since .

A few have been split up into two or three, making seventy-three in all; and the names of some have changed, owing probr ably to the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting-place of the See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred court having been altered . These courts were in private hands in Sussex; either of the Church, or of great barons and local lords . The county court was held at Lewes and Shoreham until the Great See also:

• INQUEST (O. Fr. enqueste, modern enqueete, from Lat.inquisitum, inquirere, to inquire)

Inquest, when it was moved to Chichester . After several changes the act of 1504 arranged for it to be held alternately at Lewes and Chichester . There was no See also:

• GAOL, or JAIL

gaol in the county until 1487; that at See also:

• GUILDFORD

Guildford being used in See also:

• COMMON

common by Surrey and Sussex, which were under one sheriff until 1567 . Private jurisdictions, both ecclesiastical and lay, played a large part in the county . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief ecclesiastical franchises were those of the archbishop of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury, of the bishop of Chichester, of the Saxon See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of Bosham, where Bishop Wilfred had found the only gleam of See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity in the county, and of the votive abbey of Battle, founded by the Conqueror . This abbey possessed, besides land in many other counties, the " Lowy of Battle," a district extending for 3 M. round the abbey . The see of Chichester was co-extensive with the county, and has altered little . It is one of the oldest bishoprics, having been founded by Wilfred at Selsey; the seat was re-moved to Chichester by William I . Among the lay franchises, the most noticeable are those of the Cinque Ports and of the honor of Pevensey, named the honor of the See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

Eagle from the lords of L'Aigle or Aguila . Sussex, from its position, was constantly the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of preparations for invasion, and was often concerned in rebellions .

Pevensey and Arundel See also:

• PLAY

play a great part in rebellions and See also:

• FORFEITURE (from " forfeit," originally an offence, and hence a fine exacted as a penalty for such; derived through the O. Fr. forfeit, from the late Lat. foris factum, a trespass, that which is done foris, outside)

forfeiture during the troubled times of the early Norman See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings . In the barons' See also:

• WARS

wars the county was a good centre for the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's forces; Lewes being in the hands of the king's brother-in-law, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John de Warenne, earl of Surrey, Pevensey and Hastings in those of his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter of See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy . The forces of the king and of De See also:

• MONTFORT
• MONTFORT, SIMON DE, EARL OF LEICESTER (d. 1265)

Montfort met at Lewes, where the famous battle and " See also:

• MISE

Mise of Lewes " took place . The corrupt and burdensome administration of the county during the 13th and 14th centuries, combined with the constant passage of troops for the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French wars and the devastating plagues of the 14th century, were the causes of such rebellions as the Peasants' Rising of 1382 and See also:

• JACK

Jack See also:

• CADE, JOHN (d. 1450)

Cade's See also:

• REBELLION

Rebellion in 1450 . In the former Lewes Castle was taken, and in the latter we find such men engaged as the See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

abbot of Battle and the See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior of Lewes . During See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—18