HANS See also:

• HANS SVANE [or SVANING] (16o6–1668)

SVANE [or SVANING] (16o6–1668)  , Danish statesman and ecclesiastic, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 27th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 16o6, at See also:

• HORSENS

Horsens, where his See also:

• FATHER

father, Hans Riber, was burgomaster . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne was a daughter of the historian Hans Svaning, whose name, subsequently altered to See also:

• SVANE [or SVANING], HANS (16o6–1668)

Svane, he adopted . At See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen Svane devoted himself to the study of See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages, and between 1628 and 1635 completed his See also:

• EDUCATION

education abroad, at See also:

• FRANEKER

Franeker in See also:

• FRIESLAND, or VRIESLAND

Friesland, See also:

• WITTENBERG

Wittenberg, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford and See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . After seven years' See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence abroad Svane returned to occupy the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of Oriental languages at the university of Copenhagen . In 1646, finding promotion slow, he turned to See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology and was " created " Dr theol. by his old See also:

• PATRON

patron Jesper Brochmand, now See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Sjaelland, whom he succeeded in the See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

metropolitan see of See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark on the 26th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1655 . As a theologian he belonged to the severely orthodox Lutheran school . His scholarship, despite the erudition of his commentary to the See also:

• PROPHET (Irpo4i ri7s)

prophet See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel in two huge See also:

• FOLIO (properly the ablative case of the Lat. folium, leaf, but also frequently an adaptation of the Ital. foglio)

folio volumes, is questionable . But in Latin and Danish he won distinction as a See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker, and his funeral orations in both languages were admired by his contemporaries . At the famous rigsdag of 166o he displayed debating See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent of a high See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order and played an important See also:

• POLITICAL

political role . It was Svane who, at the opening of the rigsdag, proposed that only members of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state should be entitled to fiefs and that all other estates should be leased to the highest See also:

• BIDDER, GEORGE PARKER (1806-1878)

bidder whatever his social station . At a hint from the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king he laboured to get the royal See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter abolished and the elective See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy transformed into an hereditary monarchy . The clerical deputies followed him in a serried See also:

• BAND

band, as the burgesses followed See also:

• NANSEN, FRIDTJOF (1861– )
• NANSEN, HANS (1598-1667)

Nansen, and the bishop's See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace was one of the See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting-places for the camarilla which was privy to the absolutist designs of See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick III .

Throughout the session Svane was chairman of " the Conjoined Estates " in their attacks upon the See also:

• NOBILITY

nobility, his watchword being: Equal rights for all and a See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand for the king . It was on his See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion (Oct . 8) that the See also:

• COMMONS

Commons agreed " to offer his See also:

• MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

majesty the See also:

• CROWN

crown as an hereditary crown," to which proposition the nobility acceded, under severe pressure, two days later . When, on the 13th, the three estates assembled at the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle, it was Svane's speech, as See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, which gave t he solemnit y its ultra-royalist See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . He, too, quashed the timid See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt of the more liberal minded of the deputies to obtain a promise from the king of some sort of a constitution . In fact, excepting the king and See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen, nobody contributed so powerfully to the introduction of See also:

• ABSOLUTISM

absolutism into Denmark as the bishop of Copenhagen . He was raised to the dignity of See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop, a See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title which no other Danish See also:

• PRELATE (Lat. praelatus, set above, from praefero, prefer)

prelate has since See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne, and as president of the See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic See also:

• CONSISTORY (Lat. consistorium, literally, a standing place, hence meeting place, waiting or audience chamber)

consistory of the university (an See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office which was invented for and died with him) he took See also:

• PRECEDENCE (from Lat. praecedere, to go before, precede)

precedence of the See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector magnificus . He was also created a royal councillor, an See also:

• ASSESSOR (Lat. assessare, assidere, to sit by)

assessor of the supreme See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court and a member of the scats kollegiet or council of state . His See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation seems to have turned his See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head . The university suffered the most from his extravagant pretensions; and his quarrels with all the professors at last caused such a See also:

• SCANDAL

scandal that the king had to interfere personally . A bishop who was at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time a privy councillor,a See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of state and a See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge of the supreme court could have but little time for spiritual duties . Yet Svane was not altogether neglectful of them .

Especially noteworthy is his See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan for the erection of a consistorial See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college for managing all the temporal affairs of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, including education and poor See also:

• RELIEF

relief, anticipating to some extent the See also:

• MODERN

modern ministries of education and public See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship, which unfortunately was not adopted . Moreover, the privileges which he obtained for the clergy did much to increase the welfare and See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence of the Danish Church in difficult times, while his representations to the king that Danish theology was not likely to be promoted by placing Germans over the heads of native professors See also:

• BORE

bore See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit . Svane died on the 26th of See also:

• JULY

July 1668, in his 62nd See also:

• YEAR

year . See Detlev Gotthard Zwergius, Siellandske derisie (Copenhagen, 1754) . (R . N .