See also:

• SWALLOW (A. S. swalewe, Icel. svala, Du. zwaluw, Ger. Schwalbe)

SWALLOW (A. S. swalewe, Icel. svala, Du. zwaluw, Ger. Schwalbe)  , the See also:

• BIRD

bird which of all others is recognized as the See also:

• HARBINGER

harbinger of summer in the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern hemisphere . The name Hirundo rustica of See also:

• LINNAEUS

Linnaeus is now employed for the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• CHIMNEY (through the Fr. cheminee, from caminata, sc. camera, a Lat. derivative of caminus, an oven or furnace)

chimney-See also:

• SWALLOW (A. S. swalewe, Icel. svala, Du. zwaluw, Ger. Schwalbe)

swallow of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, which has been divided into four or five races . In summer it ranges all over Europe, and in See also:

• ASIA

Asia extends to See also:

• MANCHURIA

Manchuria and See also:

• CHINA

China; in See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter it migrates See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, reaching See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, See also:

• BURMA

Burma, the See also:

• MALAY

Malay See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula and the whole of See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . The common swallow of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• AMERICA

America, usually called the See also:

• BARN

barn-swallow, is H. erythrogastra, but in summer it also reaches See also:

• ALASKA

Alaska and See also:

• GREENLAND (Danish, &c., Gronland)

Greenland and extends across to See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• BAIKAL (known to the Mongols as Dalai-nor, and to the Turkish tribes as Bai-kul)

Baikal . The winter See also:

• MIGRATION

migration extends to Burma for the See also:

• ASIATIC

Asiatic swallows and to South See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil for those of America . In all some twenty-seven See also:

• SPECIES

species of Hirundo are recognized, the range of the genus being practically See also:

• WORLD

world-wide . Returning, usually already paired, to its summer haunts, after its winter sojourn in See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern lands, and generally reaching See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England about the first See also:

• WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week in See also:

• APRIL

April, the See also:

• ENGLISH

English swallow at once See also:

• REPAIRS (from Lat. reparare, to make ready again)

repairs to its old quarters, nearly always around the abodes of men; and, about a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month later, the site of the See also:

• NEST

nest is chosen, resort being had in most cases to the very spot that has formerly served the same purpose—the old structure, if still remaining, being restored and refurnished . So trustful is the bird that it commonly establishes itself in any of men's See also:

• WORKS

works that will See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply the necessary See also:

• ACCOMMODATION (Lat. accommodare, to make fit, from ad, to, cum, with, and modus, measure)

accommodation, and a See also:

• SHED

shed, a barn, or any See also:

• BUILDING

building with an open roof, a chimney that affords a support for the nest, or even the See also:

• ROOM

room of an inhabited See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house—if See also:

• CHANCE (through the O. Fr. cheance, from the Late Lat. cadentia, things happening, from cadere, to fall out, happen; cf. " case ")

chance should give See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access thereto—to say nothing of extraordinary positions, may be the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of its choice . Wheresoever placed, the nest is formed of small lumps of moist See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth, which, carried to the spot in the bird's See also:

• BILL

bill, are duly arranged and modelled, with the aid of See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short straws or slender sticks, into the required shape . This is generally that of a See also:

• HALF

half-saucer, but it varies according to the exigencies of the site . The materials dry quickly into a hard crust, which is lined with soft feathers, and therein are laid from four to six See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white eggs, blotched and speckled with See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey and See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

orange-See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown deepening into See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black . Two broods are usually reared in the See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, and the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young on leaving the nest soon make their way to some leafless bough, whence they try their See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers of See also:

• FLIGHT

flight, at first accompanying their parents in short excursions on the wing, receiving from them the See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food which they are as yet unable to See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture, until able to shift for themselves .

They collect in flocks, often of many hundreds, and finally leave the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country about the end of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August or See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September, to be followed, after a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks, by their progenitors . They See also:

• MOULT

moult their feathers in their winter quarters, and this fact affords one of the strongest arguments against the popular belief (which, curious to say, is still partly if not fully entertained by many who should know better) of their becoming torpid in winter, for a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of torpidity would suspend all See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal-See also:

• ACTION

action .2 The See also:

• CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut forehead and See also:

• THROAT (O. Eng. protu, prote or }Prota, possibly from preotan, to press, whence threat, or, with loss of initial s, connected with strut, to swell)

throat, . 1 The See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language was first reduced to See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing by the See also:

• ARABS

Arabs, who still use the Arabic See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character . But the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European missionaries have replaced this by the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• SYSTEM

system, which is more suited for the transliteration of most See also:

• AFRICAN

African, end especially of the See also:

• BANTU

Bantu, See also:

• TONGUES, GIFT OF, or GLOSSOLALIA (yXwova, tongue, aXeiv, speak)

tongues . 2 See See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• HUNTER, JOHN (1728-1793)
• HUNTER, ROBERT MERCER TALIAFERRO (r8o9-1887)
• HUNTER, SIR WILLIAM WILSON (1840-19oo)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM (1718–1783)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER (1844-1898)

Hunter's Essays and Observations in Natural See also:

• HISTORY

History, edited by See also:

• SIR

Sir R . See also:

• OWEN, JOHN (1616-1683)
• OWEN, JOHN [OVENUS Or AUDOENUS] (c. 1560-1622)
• OWEN, ROBERT (1771-1858)
• OWEN, SIR HUGH (1804-1881)
• OWEN, SIR RICHARD (1804–1892)

Owen in 1861 (ii . 280) . An excellent bibliography of the swallow-torpidity controversy, up to 1878, is given by See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor See also:

• COUES, ELLIOTT (1842—1899)

Coues (Birds of the See also:

• COLORADO

Colorado Valley, pp .