J See also:

• SWAN (A. S. swan and swan, Icel. svanr, Du. zwaart, Ger. Schwan)
• J SWAN
• SWAN, JOHN MACALLAN (1847-1910)
• SWAN, SIR JOSEPH WILSON (1828– )

SWAN  . M . the shining See also:

• STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel-See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue upper plumage, and the dusky See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white —in some cases reddening so as almost to See also:

• VIE

vie with the frontal and gular patches—of the See also:

• LOWER

lower parts are well known to every See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person of observation, as is the markedly forked tail, which is become proverbial of this See also:

• BIRD

bird . Taking the word See also:

• SWALLOW (A. S. swalewe, Icel. svala, Du. zwaluw, Ger. Schwalbe)

swallow in a more extended sense, it is used for all the members of the See also:

• FAMILY

family Hirundinidae,' excepting a few to which the name See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

martin (q.v.) has been applied, and this family includes from 8o to 10o See also:

• SPECIES

species, which have been placed in many different genera . The true swallow has very many affines, some of which range- almost as widely as itself does, while others seem to have curiously restricted limits, and much the same may be said of several of its more distant relatives . But altogether the family forms one of. the most circumscribed and therefore one of the most natural See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups of Oscines, having no near See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies; for, though in outward See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance and in some habits the swallows See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear a considerable resemblance to swifts (q.v.), the latter belong to a different See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, and are not Passerine birds at all, as their structure, both See also:

• INTERNAL

internal and See also:

• EXTERNAL

external, proves . It has been sometimes stated that the Hirundinidae have their nearest relations in the flycatchers (q.v.) ; but the assertion is very questionable, and the supposition that they are allied to the Ampelidae (cf . Waxw1NG), though possibly better founded, has not been confirmed . An See also:

• AFFINITY (Lat. affinitas, relationship by marriage, from offinis, bordering on, related to; finis, border, boundary)
• AFFINITY, CHEMICAL

affinity to the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian and Australian Artamus (the species of which genus are often known as See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood-swallows or swallow-shrikes) has also been suggested but has not been accepted . (A . N.) SWALLOW-HOLE, in See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography the name applied to a cavity resulting from the See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock under the See also:

• ACTION

action of See also:

• WATER

water, and forming, or having at some See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period formed, the entrance to a subterranean stream-channel . Such holes are See also:

• COMMON

common in calcareous (See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone or chalky) districts, or along the See also:

• LINE

line of outcrop of a limestone See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

belt among non-calcareous strata .

These cavities are also known as sinks, dolinas or See also:

• BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter-tubs, and by other See also:

• LOCAL

local names, and sometimes as pot-holes; the last See also:

• TERM

term, however, is also synonymous with See also:

• GIANT (O.E. geant, through Fr. giant, O.Fr. gaiant, jaiant, jeant, med. pop. Lat. gagante—cf. Ital. gigante—by assimilation from gigantem, ace. of Lat. gigas, Gr. yiyas)

Giant's See also:

• KETTLE, SIR RUPERT ALFRED (1817-1894)

Kettle (q.v.) . See See also:

• CAVE (Lat. cavea, from caves, hollow)
• CAVE, EDWARD (1691–1754)
• CAVE, WILLIAM (1637–1713)

CAVE .