See also:

• SWITHUN (or SWITHIN), ST (d. 862)

SWITHUN (or SWITHIN), ST (d. 862)  , See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester and See also:

• PATRON

patron See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint of Winchester See also:

• CATHEDRAL

Cathedral from the loth to the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . He is scarcely mentioned in any document of his own See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . His See also:

• DEATH

death is entered in the Anglo-Saxon See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle under the See also:

• YEAR

year 861; and his See also:

• SIGNATURE (through Fr. from Lat. signature, signare, to sign, signum, mark, token, sign)

signature is appended to several charters in See also:

• KEMBLE
• KEMBLE, JOHN MITCHELL (1807-1857)

Kemble's Codex diplomaticus . Of these charters three belong to 833, 838, 86o–862 . In the first the saint signs as " Swithunus See also:

• PRESBYTER (Gr. apactObTepos, elder, the comparative of IrOo-Oas, an old man)

presbyter regis Egberti," in the second as " Swithunus diaconus," and in the third as " Swithunus episcopus." Hence if the second See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter be genuine the first must be See also:

• SPURIOUS

spurious, and is so marked in Kemble . More than a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years later, when See also:

• DUNSTAN, SAINT (924 or 925-g88)

Dunstan and Ethelwold of Winchester were inaugurating their See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church reform, St See also:

• SWITHUN (or SWITHIN), ST (d. 862)

Swithun was adoptedas patron of the restored church at Winchester, formerly dedicated to St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter and St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul . His See also:

• BODY

body was transferred from its almost forgotten See also:

• GRAVE

grave to Ethelwold's new See also:

• BASILICA

basilica on the 15th of See also:

• JULY

July 971, and according to contemporary writers, numerous miracles preceded and followed the See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation . The revival of St Swithun's fame gave rise to a See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass of legendary literature . The so-called Vitae Swithuni of Lantf red and Wulstan, written about A.D . 1oo0, hardly contain any germ of See also:

• BIOGRAPHICAL

biographical fact; and all that has in later years passed for See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic detail of St Swithun's See also:

• LIFE

life is extracted from a See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography ascribed to Gotzelin, a See also:

• MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
• MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
• MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
• MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)

monk who came over to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England with See also:

• HERMANN, JOHANN GOTTFRIED JAKOB (1772–1848)
• HERMANN, KARL FRIEDRICH (1804–1855)

Hermann, bishop of See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury from 1058 to 1078 . From this writer, who has perhaps pre-served some fragments of genuine tradition, we learn that St Swithun was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in the reign of Egbert, and was ordained See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest by Helmstan, bishop of Winchester (838–c . 852) .

His fame reached the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's ears, who appointed him See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor of his son Adulphus (i2Ethelwulf) and numbered him amongst his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends . Under'See also:

• ETHELWULF

Ethelwulf he was appointed bishop of Winchester, to which see he was consecrated by See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

Archbishop Ceolnoth . In his new See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office he was remarkable for his piety and his zeal in See also:

• BUILDING

building new churches or restoring old ones . At his See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request iEthelwulf gave the tenth of his royal lands to the Church . His humility was such that he made his diocesan journeys on See also:

• FOOT

foot; and when he gave a banquet he invited the poor and not the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich . He built near the eastern See also:

• GATE

gate of his cathedral See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city a See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge whose See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches were so strongly constructed that in Gotzelin's time they seemed a See also:

• WORK

work "non leviter ruiturus." He died on the 2nd of July 862, and gave orders that he was not to be buried within the church, but outside in " a vile and unworthy See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place." See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of See also:

• MALMESBURY
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HARRIS, IST EARL OF (1746-1820)
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HOWARD HARRIS, 3RD EARL OF (1807-1889)

Malmesbury adds that, as Bishop Alhstan of See also:

• SHERBORNE

Sherborne was €Ethelwulf's See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister for temporal, so St Swithun was for spiritual matters . The same chronicler uses a remarkable phrase in recording the bishop's See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

prayer that his See also:

• BURIAL

burial might be " ubi et pedibus praetereuntium et stillicidiis ex See also:

• ALTO (Ital. for " high ")

alto rorantibus esset obnoxius." This expression has been taken as indicating that the well-known See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather myth contained in the doggrel lines St Swithin's See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day if See also:

• THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE [THUANUS] (1553-1617)
• THOU, NOM

thou dost See also:

• RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain For See also:

• FORTY

forty days it will remain; St Swithin's day if thou be See also:

• FAIR

fair For forty days 'See also:

• TWILL (connected with " two ")

twill rain na mair- had already, in the 12th century, crystallized See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the name of St Swithun; but it is doubtful if the passage lends itself by any straining to this See also:

• INTERPRETATION (from Lat. interpretari, to expound, explain, inter pres, an agent, go-between, interpreter; inter, between, and the root pret-, possibly connected with that seen either in Greek 4 p4'ew, to speak, or irpa-rrecv, to do)

interpretation . See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Raine suggested that the See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend was derived from the tremendous downpour of rain that occurred, according to the See also:

• DURHAM
• DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, 1ST EARL OF (1792–1840)

Durham chroniclers, on St Swithun's day, 1315 (Hid . Dunelm. pp. xiii . 96–97) . Another theory, more plausible, but historically worthless, traces it to a heavy shower by which, on the day of his translation, the saint marked his displeasure towards those who were removing his remains . This See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story, however, cannot be traced further back than some two or three centuries at the outside, and is at variance with the loth-century writers, who are all agreed that the translation took place in accordance with the saint's See also:

• DESIRE

desire as expressed by See also:

• VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

vision .

More probable is See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• EARLE, JOHN (c. 16o1-1665)
• EARLE, RALPH (1751-1801)

Earle's See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion that in the legend as now current we have the survival of some See also:

• PAGAN
• PAGAN (Lat. paganus, of or belonging to a pagus, a canton, county district, village, commune)

pagan or possibly prehistoric day of augury, which has successfully sheltered itself under the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of an ecclesiastical saint . This view is supported by the fact adduced in Notes and Queries (1st See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, xii . 137) that in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France St Medard (See also:

• JUNE

June 8) and StGervase and St Protais (June 19) are credited with an See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on the weather almost identical with that attributed to St Swithun in England . Similarly we have in See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders St Godelieve (July 6) and in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany the Seven Sleepers' Day (June 27) . Of other stories connected with St Swithun the two most famous are those of the Winchester See also:

• EGG (O.E. aeg, cf. Ger. Ei, Swed. aegg, and prob. Gr. u,ov, Lat. ovum)
• EGG, AUGUSTUS LEOPOLD (1816-1863)

egg-woman and See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen Emma's See also:

• ORDEAL (O.Eng. ordal, ordael, judgment)

ordeal . The former is to be found in Gotzelin's life (c. r See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo), the latter in T . Rudborne's Historia See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major (15th century)—a work which is also responsible for the not improbable legend that Swithun accompanied See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred on his visit to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome in 856 . The so-called lives of St Swithun written by Wulstan, Lantfred, and perhaps others towards the end of the loth century may be found in Bollandus's Ada sanctorum (July), i . 321–327; See also:

• MABILLON, JOHN (1632-1707)

Mabillon's Acta SS . O . B. vi . 70, &c., vii .

628, &c.; and .J . Earle's Life and Times of St Swithun, 59, &c . See also William of Malmesbury, Gest. reg. i . 150, and De gest . See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

Pont . 16o, 167, 179; See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence of See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester, i . 168; T . Rudborne ap . See also:

• WHARTON (FAMILY)
• WHARTON, FRANCIS (1820–1889)
• WHARTON, HENRY (1664–1695)

Wharton's Anglia sacra, i . 287; T . D . See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

Hardy's See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

Cat. of See also:

• MSS

MSS. i .

513–517; J . See also:

• BRAND, JOHN (1744-1806)
• BRAND, SIR JOHN HENRY (1823-1888)

Brand's Popular Antiquities; R . See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

Chambers's See also:

• BOOK

Book of Days; Ethelwulf's Tithe Charters, nearly all of which refer to St Swithun in the body of the See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text, may be studied in Haddon and See also:

• STUBBS [STUBBES], PHILIP (c. 1555-c. 161o)
• STUBBS [STUnnE], JOHN
• STUBBS, WILLIAM (1825-1901)

Stubbs's See also:

• COUNCILS

Councils, iii . 636–645; a comparison of the charter on See also:

• PAGE
• PAGE, THOMAS NELSON (1853- )
• PAGE, WILLIAM (1811-1885)

page 642 with Gotzelin's life (ap . Earle, 69) and William of Malmesbury (Gest. reg . 150; De gest. pent .