See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS See also:

• SYDENHAM
• SYDENHAM, CHARLES EDWARD
• THOMAS SYDENHAM (1624-1689)

SYDENHAM (1624-1689)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English physician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the loth of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1624 at Wynford See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

Eagle in See also:

• DORSET, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Dorset, where his See also:

• FATHER

father was a See also:

• GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

gentleman of See also:

• PROPERTY

property and See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• PEDIGREE

pedigree . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of eighteen he was entered at Magdalen See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford; after a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period his See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college studies appear to have been interrupted, and he served for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time as an officer in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . He completed his Oxford course in 1648, graduating as See also:

• BACHELOR (from Med. Lat. baccalarius, with its late and rare variant baccalaris—cf. Ital. baccalare—through O. Fr. bacheler)

bachelor of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine, and about the same time he was elected a See also:

• FELLOW

fellow of All Souls College . It was not until nearly See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years later (1676) that he graduated as M.D., not at Oxford, but at See also:

• PEMBROKE
• PEMBROKE (Penfro)
• PEMBROKE, EARLS OF

Pembroke Hall, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, where his eldest son was then an undergraduate . After 1648 he seems to have spent some time studying medicine at Oxford, but he was soon again engaged in military service, and in 1654 he received the sum of £600, as a result of a See also:

• PETITION (Lat. for " seeking " or " praying ")

petition he addressed to See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell, setting forth that various arrears were due to two of his See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers who had been killed and that he himself had faithfully served the parliament with the loss of much See also:

• BLOOD

blood . In 1655 be resigned his fellowship at All Souls and married, and probably a few years later went to study medicine at See also:

• MONTPELLIER

Montpellier . In 1663 he passed the See also:

• EXAMINATIONS

examinations of the College of Physicians for their See also:

• LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

licence to practice in See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster and 6 m. See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round; but it is probable that he had been settled in See also:

• LONDON

London for some time before that . This minimum qualification to practise was the single See also:

• BOND
• BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898)

bond between See also:

• SYDENHAM
• SYDENHAM, CHARLES EDWARD
• SYDENHAM, THOMAS (1624-1689)

Sydenham and the College of Physicians through-out the whole of his career . He seems to have been distrusted by some members of the See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty because he was an innovator and something of a See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain-dealer . In his See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Mapletoft he refers to a class of detractors " qui vitio statim vertunt si quis novi aliquid, ab illis non prius dictum vel etiam inauditum, in See also:

• MEDIUM

medium proferat "; and in a letter to See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• BOYLE
• BOYLE, JOHN J
• BOYLE, ROBERT (1627-1691)

Boyle, written the See also:

• YEAR

year before his See also:

• DEATH

death (and the only See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic specimen of his English See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition that remains), he says, " I have the happiness of curing my patients, at least of having it said concerning me that few miscarry under me; but [I] cannot See also:

• BRAG

brag of my correspondency with some other of my faculty .. . . Though yet, in taken See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire at my attempts to reduce practice to a greater easiness, plainness, and in the meantime letting the See also:

• MOUNTEBANK (Ital. montambanco, montimbanco, from montare, to climb up on, mount, and banco, bench, cf. saltimbanco, an acrobat' or dancer, one who dances or leaps on a bench)

mountebank at Charing See also:

• CROSS

Cross pass unrailed at, they contradict themselves, and would make the See also:

• WORLD

world believe I may prove more considerable than they would have me." Sydenham attracted to him in warm friendship some of the most discriminating men of his time, such as John See also:

• LOCKE, GOTTFRIED CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH (1791–1855)
• LOCKE, JOHN (1632-1704)
• LOCKE, MATTHEW (c. 1630-1677)

Locke and Robert Boyle .

His first See also:

• BOOK

book, Methodus curandi febres, was published in 1666; a second edition, with an additional See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter on the See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague, in 1668; and a third edition, much enlarged and bearing the better-known See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Observationes medicae, in 1676 . His next publication was in 168o in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of two Epistolae responsoriae, the one, " On Epidemics, " addressed to Robert See also:

• BRADY, NICHOLAS (1659-1726)

Brady, regius See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of physic at Cambridge, and the other " On the Lues venerea, " to See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Paman, public orator at Cambridge and See also:

• GRESHAM, SIR THOMAS (1519-1579)
• GRESHAM, WALTER QUINTON (1832-1895)

Gresham professor in London . In 1682 he issued another Dissertatio epistolaris, on the treatment of confluent small-pox and on See also:

• HYSTERIA

hysteria, addressed to Dr See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• COLE, SIR HENRY (1808–1882)
• COLE, THOMAS (1801–1848)
• COLE, TIMOTHY (1852– )
• COLE, VICAT (1833–1893)

Cole of See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester . The Tractatus de podagra et hydrope came out in 1683, and the Schedula monitoria de novae febris ingressu in 1686 . His last completed See also:

• WORK

work, Processus integri, is an outline See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch of See also:

• PATHOLOGY (from Gr. raBos, suffering)

pathology and practice; twenty copies of it were printed in 1692, and, being a compendium, it has been more often republished both in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and in other countries than any other of his writings separately . A fragment on pulmonary See also:

• CONSUMPTION (Lat. consumere)

consumption was found among his papers . His collected writings occupy about 600 pages 8vo, in the Latin, though whether that or English was the See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language in which they were originally written i3 disputed . Hardly anything is known of Sydenham's See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• HISTORY

history in London . He died in London on the 29th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1689, and was buried in the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James's, Piccadilly, where a mural slab was put up by the College of Physicians in 181o . Although Sydenham was a highly successful practitioner and saw, besides See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign reprints, more than one new edition of his various tractates called for in his lifetime, his fame as the father of English medicine, or the English See also:

• HIPPOCRATES

Hippocrates, was decidedly See also:

• POSTHUMOUS

posthumous . For a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long time he was held in vague esteem for the success of his cooling (or rather expectant) treatment of small-pox, for his See also:

• LAUDANUM

laudanum (the first form of a See also:

• TINCTURE (Fr. teinture, Lat. tinctura, tingere, to dye, stain)

tincture of See also:

• OPIUM (Gr. amov, dim. from Orbs, juice)

opium), and for his advocacy of the use of Peruvian bark in quartan agues . There were, however, those among his contemporaries who understood something of Sydenham's importance in larger matters than details of treatment and See also:

• PHARMACY

pharmacy, See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief among them being the talented See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• MORTON, JAMES DOUGLAS, 4TH EARL OF (c. 1525-1581)
• MORTON, JOHN (c. 1420-1500)
• MORTON, JOHN MADDISON (1811-1891)
• MORTON, LEVI PARSONS (1824- )
• MORTON, OLIVER PERRY (1823-1877)
• MORTON, THOMAS (1564-1659)
• MORTON, THOMAS (c. 1590-1646)

Morton .

But the attitude of the academical medicine of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day is doubtless indicated in See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin See also:

• LISTER, JOSEPH LISTER
• LISTER, MARTIN (c. 1638-1712)

Lister's use of the See also:

• TERM

term " sectaries " for Sydenham and his admirers, at a time (1694) when the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader had been dead five years . If there were any doubt that the opposition to him was quite other than See also:

• POLITICAL

political, it would be set at See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest by the testimony of Dr See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown,' who went from See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland to inquire into Sydenham's practice and has incidentally revealed what was commonly thought of it at the time, in his Vindicatory See also:

• SCHEDULE

Schedule concerning the New Cure of Fevers . In the See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of Harveian orations at the College of Physicians, Sydenham is first mentioned in the oration of Dr John See also:

• ARBUTHNOT, ALEXANDER (1538-1583)
• ARBUTHNOT, JOHN (1667-1735)

Arbuthnot (1727), who styles him " aemulus Hippocratis." H . See also:

• BOERHAAVE, HERMANN (1668–1738)

Boerhaave, the See also:

• LEYDEN, JOHN (1775-1811)

Leyden professor, was wont to speak of him in his class (which had always some pupils from England and Scotland) as " Angliae lumen, artis Phoebum, veram Hippocratici viri speciem." A. von See also:

• HALLER, ALBRECHT VON (1708–1777)
• HALLER, BERTHOLD (1492–1536)

Haller also marked one of the epochs in his See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme of medical progress with the name of Sydenham . He is indeed famous because he inaugurated a new method and a better See also:

• ETHICS
• ETHICS, SHAFTESBURY, HOBBES

ethics of practice, the See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth and diffusive See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of which did not become obvious (except to those who were on the same See also:

• LINE

line with himself, such as Morton) until a good many years afterwards . It remains to consider briefly what his innovations were . First and foremost he did the best he could for his patients, and made as little as possible of the mysteries and traditional dogmas of the See also:

• CRAFT (a word common to Teutonic languages for strength, or power; cf. Ger. Kraft)

craft . All the stories told of him are characteristic . Called to a gentleman who had been subjected to the lowering treatment, and finding him in a pitiful See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of hysterical upset, he "conceived that this was occasioned partly by his long illness, partly by the previous evacuations, and partly by emptiness . I therefore ordered him a roast chicken and a See also:

• PINT (derived probably through Spanish, from Lat. pincta, pitta, a painted or marked vessel)

pint of See also:

• CANARY
• CANARY (Serinus canarius)

canary." A gentleman of See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune who was a victim to hypochondria was at length told by Sydenham that he could do no more for him, but that there was living at See also:

• INVERNESS

Inverness a certain Dr See also:

• ROBERTSON, FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816-1853)
• ROBERTSON, GEORGE CROOM (1842-1892)
• ROBERTSON, JOSEPH (1810-1866)
• ROBERTSON, THOMAS WILLIAM (1829-1871)
• ROBERTSON, WILLIAM BRUCE (182o-1886)

Robertson who had See also:

• GREAT

great skill in cases like his; the patient journeyed to Inverness full of See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope, and, finding no See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor of the name there, came back to London full of rage, but cured withal of his complaint . Of a piece with this is his famous See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice to See also:

• SIR

Sir Richard See also:

• BLACKMORE, RICHARD DODDRIDGE (1825-1900)
• BLACKMORE, SIR RICHARD (c. 1650-1729)

Blackmore . When See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black-more first engaged in the study of physic he inquired of Dr Sydenham what authors he should read, and was directed by that physician to See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don Quixote, " which," said he, " is a very good book; I read it still." There were cases, he tells us, in his practice where " I have consulted my patient's safety and my own reputation most effectually by doing nothing at all." It was in the treatment of small-pox that his startling innovations in that direction made most stir .

It would be a See also:

• MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

mistake, however, to suppose that Sydenham wrote no long prescriptions, after the See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion of the time, or was entirely See also:

• FREE

free from theoretical See also:

• BIAS
• BIAS (from the Fr. biais, of unknown origin; the derivation from Lat. bifax, two-faced, is wrong)

bias . Doctrines of disease he had, as every practitioner must have; but he was too much alive to the multiplicity of new facts and to the See also:

• INFINITE (from Lat. in, not, finis, end or limit; cf. findere, to deave)

infinite variety of individual constitutions to aim at symmetry in his theoretical views or at consistency between his practice and his doctrines; and his treatment was what he found to See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer best, whether it were secundum artem or not . His fundamental See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea was to take diseases as they presented themselves in nature and to draw up a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete picture (" Krankheitsbild " of the Germans) of the See also:

• OBJECTIVE, or OBJECT GLASS

objective characters of each . Most forms of See also:

• ILL

ill-See also:

• HEALTH

health, he insisted, had a definite type, comparable to the types of See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal and See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable See also:

• SPECIES

species . The conformity of type in the symptoms and course of a malady was due to the uniformity of the cause . The causes that he dwelt upon were the " evident and conjunct causes," or, in other words, the morbid phenomena; the remote causes he thought it vain to seek after . Acute diseases, such as fevers and inflammations, he regarded as a wholesome conservative effort or reaction of the organism to meet the See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow of some injurious influence operating from without; in this he followed the Hippocratic teaching closely as well as the I-lippocratic practice of watching and aiding the natural crises . Chronic diseases, on the other See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, were a depraved state of the humours, mostly due to errors of See also:

• DIET

diet and See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general manner of See also:

• LIFE

life, for which we ourselves were directly accountable . Hence his famous dictum: "acutos dico, qui ut plurimum Deum habent authorem, ' See Dr John Brown's Horae subsecivae, See also:

• ART

art . " Dr Andrew Brown and Sydenham."sicut chronici ipsos nos." Sydenham's nosological method is essentially the See also:

• MODERN

modern one, except that it wanted the morbid See also:

• ANATOMY
• ANATOMY (Gr. avaroyil, from ava-silo c', to cut up)

anatomy See also:

• PART

part, which was first introduced into the " natural history of disease " by See also:

• MORGAGNI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1682-1771)

Morgagni nearly a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century later . In both departments of See also:

• NOSOLOGY (Gr. v5a-or, disease, and X yor, science)

nosology, the acute and the chronic, Sydenham contributed largely to the natural history by his own accurate observation and philosophical comparison of See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case with case and type with type . The Observationes medicae and the first Epistola responsoria contain See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close study of the various fevers, fluxes and other acute maladies of London over a series of years, their See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences from year to year and from See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season to season, together with references to the prevailing See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather—the whole See also:

• BODY

body of observations being used to illustrate the See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of the " epidemic constitution " of the year or season, which he considered to depend often upon inscrutable telluric causes .

The type of the acute disease varied, he found, according to the year and season, and the right treatment could not be adopted until the type was known . There had been nothing quite like this in medical literature since the Hippocratic See also:

• TREATISE

treatise, IIepi hipwv, Marcos, rbawv; and there are probably some germs of truth in it still undeveloped, although the modern See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science of epidemiology has introduced a whole new set of considerations . Among other things Sydenham is credited with the first diagnosis of scarlatina and with the modern See also:

• DEFINITION (Lat. definitio, from de-finire, to set limits to, describe)

definition of chorea (in Sched. monit.) . After small-pox, the diseases to which he refers most are hysteria and See also:

• GOUT

gout, his description of the latter (from the symptoms in his own See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person) being one of the classical pieces of medical See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing . While Sydenham's " natural history " method has doubtless been the chief ground of his great posthumous fame, there can be no question that another See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason for the admiration of posterity was that which is indicated by R . G . Latham, when he says, " I believe that the moral See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element of a liberal and candid spirit went hand in hand with the intellectual qualifications of observation, See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis and comparison." Among the lives of Sydenham are one (See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous) by See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• JOHNSON, ANDREW
• JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
• JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
• JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
• JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
• JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
• JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
• JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
• JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
• JOHNSON, THOMAS

Johnson in John See also:

• SWAN (A. S. swan and swan, Icel. svanr, Du. zwaart, Ger. Schwan)
• SWAN, J
• SWAN, JOHN MACALLAN (1847-1910)
• SWAN, SIR JOSEPH WILSON (1828– )

Swan's See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of his See also:

• WORKS

works (London, 1742), another by C . G . See also:

• KUHN, FRANZ FELIX ADALBERT (1812–1881)

Kuhn in his edition of his works (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1827), and a third by Dr R . G . Latham in his translation of his works published in London by the Sydenham Society in 1848 . See also See also:

• FREDERIC, HAROLD (1856-1898)

Frederic See also:

• PICARD, LOUIS JOSEPH ERNEST (1821-1877)

Picard, Sydenham, sa See also:

• VIE

vie, ses oeuvres (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1889), and J .

F . See also:

• PAYNE, PETER (c. 138o-1455)

Payne, T . Sydenham (London, 1900) . Dr John Brown's Locke and Sydenham," in Horae subsecivae (See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, 1858), is of the nature of eulogy . Many collected See also:

• EDITIONS

editions of his works have been published, as well as See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations into English, See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German, See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian . Dr W . A . Greenhill's Latin See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text (London, 1844, Syd . See also:

• SOC

Soc.) is a See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of editing and indexing . The most interesting See also:

• SUMMARY

summary of doctrine and practice by the author himself is the introduction to the 3rd edition of Observationes medicae (1676) .