See also:

• SYRA, or SYROS (anc. E6pos, perhaps Homeric lapin}, a Greek island in the middle of the Cyclades, which in the 19th century became the commercial centre of the Archipelago, and is also the residence of the nomarch of the Cyclades and the seat of the centr

SYRA, or SYROS (anc. E6pos, perhaps Homeric lapin}, a See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the See also:

• CYCLADES

Cyclades, which in the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century became the commercial centre of the See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

Archipelago, and is also the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the nomarch of the Cyclades and the seat of the centr  al See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law courts . The length of the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island is about ro m., the breadth 5, and the See also:

• AREA

area is estimated at 422 sq. m . The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to about 33,700, of whom about 20,500 were in the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• TOWN

town, Hermoupolis, but that of the town had in 1907 declined again to 18,132 . See also:

• SYRA, or SYROS (anc. E6pos, perhaps Homeric lapin}, a Greek island in the middle of the Cyclades, which in the 19th century became the commercial centre of the Archipelago, and is also the residence of the nomarch of the Cyclades and the seat of the centr

Syra is also a See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of the See also:

• CYCLADES

Cyclades (pop . 1907, 31,939) . The importance of the island in prehistoric times is attested by considerable remains of See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AEGEAN

Aegean antiquities . In See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient times it was remarkably fertile, as is to be gathered not only from the Homeric description (Od. xv . 403), which might be of doubtful application, but also from the remains of See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive presses and peculiarities in the See also:

• LOCAL

local nomenclature . The destruction of its forests has led to the loss of all its alluvial See also:

• SOIL

soil, and now it is for the most See also:

• PART

part a See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown and barren See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock, covered at best with scanty aromatic scrub, pastured by See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep and goats . Hermopolis (better Hermoupolis), the chief town, is built See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour on the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the island . It is governed by an active See also:

• MUNICIPALITY

municipality, whose See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue and See also:

• EXPENDITURE

expenditure have rapidly increased . Among the public buildings are a spacious town-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall in the central square, a See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, an See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera-house and a See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre .

Old Syra, on a conical See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill behind the See also:

• PORT

port town, is an interesting See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, with its old See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George's still crowning the See also:

• SUMMIT

summit . This was built by the See also:

• CAPUCHINS

Capuchins, who in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose Syra as the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head-quarters of a See also:

• MISSION

mission in the East . See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIII., See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing of the dangers to which the Syra priests were exposed, took the island under his especial See also:

• PROTECTION

protection, and since that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the Roman Catholic bishops of Syra have been elected by the See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope . About the beginning of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the inhabitants of Syra numbered only about See also:

• I000

I000; whenever a See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel appeared they made off to the interior and hid themselves . On the out-break of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of Greek See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence refugees from See also:

• CHIOS

Chios, after being scattered throughout Tenos, See also:

• SPEZIA

Spezia, See also:

• HYDRA
• HYDRA (or SDRA, NIDRA, IDERO, &c.; anc. Hydrea)
• HYDRA (watersnake)

Hydra, &c., and rejected by the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of See also:

• CEOS (Gr. Kiws, mod. Zea or Tzia)

Ceos, took up their See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence at Syra under the protection of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag . Altogether about 40,000 had sought this See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

asylum before the freedom of See also:

• GREECE

Greece was achieved . The chief See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city was called Hermoupolis after the name of the See also:

• SHIP

ship which brought the earlier settlers . Most of the immigrants elected to stay, and, though they were See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long kept in alarm by pirates, they continued to prosper . In 1875 1568 sailing See also:

• SHIPS

ships and 698 steamers (with a See also:

• TOTAL

total of 740,731 tons) entered and 1588 sailing ships and 700 steamers (with a total of 756,807 tons) cleared this port; in 1883 3379 sailing and 1126 See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam vessels (with a total of 1,056,201 tons) entered and 3276 sailing and 1120 steam vessels (with a total of 960,229 tons) cleared . Most of the sailing vessels were Greek and Turkish, and most of the steamers were See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian, French and Turkish . But since the energetic development of See also:

• PEIRAEUS, or PIRAEUS (Gr. Hetpaceur)

Peiraeus, Syra has ceased to be the chief commercial See also:

• ENTREPOT (a French word, from the Lat. interpositum, that which is placed between)

entrepot and distributing centre of this part of the See also:

• LEVANT

Levant, and consequently its See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade has seriously declined . Whereas in 1890 the See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce was valued at £1,313,730, in 1900 it only amounted to £408,350 .

See also:

• COAL

Coal, textiles and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron and See also:

• STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel goods figure prominently amongst the imports, and See also:

• EMERY (Ger. Smirgel)

emery, See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather, lemons, See also:

• SPONGES

sponges, See also:

• FLOUR

flour, valonia and iron ore amongst the exports . Syra is the seat of several See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries, ship-See also:

• BUILDING

building, tanneries, flour and See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, rope-walks, factories for See also:

• CONFECTIONERY (from Lat. confectio, conficere, compound)

confectionery (" Turkish delight "), hats, kerchiefs, See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture, pottery and distilleries . The harbour, which is protected by a See also:

• BREAKWATER

breakwater 273 yds. long, has a See also:

• DEPTH

depth of 25 ft., diminishing to 12 ft .