TALAVERA DE LA REINA  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of central See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• TOLEDO
• TOLEDO, COUNCILS OF (Concilia toletana)

Toledo; on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• TAGUS (Span. Tajo, Portug. Tejo)

Tagus, and on the See also:

• MADRID

Madrid-See also:

• CACERES

Caceres railway . Pop . (1900) 10,580 . Talavera is of See also:

• GREAT

great antiquity, the Caesobriga of the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans . Portions of the triple See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall which surrounded it remain See also:

• STANDING

standing, and the Arco de See also:

• SAN

San Pedro is one of its See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates restored . Among the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient buildings are the Torres Albarranas, built by the See also:

• MOORS (Lat. Mauri; Gr. Mavpot, dark men)
• MOORS, KABYLES, MZABITES

Moors in the loth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, the See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic collegiate See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, and three secularized convents, one of which See also:

• DATES

dates from the 14th century, but has twice been partially restored, and is now a factory . The See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge of See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-five See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches across the Tagus dates from the 15th century . Talavera " of the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen " was so named because, from the reign of See also:

• ALPHONSO

Alphonso XI . (1312-50), it was the See also:

• PROPERTY

property of the queens of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile . For the operations which culminated in the famous See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Talavera, between the See also:

• ENGLISH

English and the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, and those which followed that engagement, see See also:

• PENINSULAR

PENINSULAR See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

WAR . See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur See also:

• WELLESLEY
• WELLESLEY, RICHARD COLLEY WESLEY (or WELLESLEY)

Wellesley (afterwards See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke of See also:

• WELLINGTON
• WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WELLESLEY, 1ST DUKE OF (1769-1852)

Wellington), the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• COMMANDER

commander, acting in co-operation with See also:

• LIEUTENANT

Lieutenant-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General See also:

• CUESTA

Cuesta's See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, took position on the 27th of See also:

• JULY

July 18o9 on the Upper Tagus, protected by his advanced guard . His See also:

• LINE

line, facing due See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east, ran See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north from the right bank of the river to a See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge See also:

• RUNNING

running parallel to the Tagus, beyond which ridge, also parallel to the river, See also:

• LAY

lay the Sierra de See also:

• MONTALBAN, JUAN PEREZ DE (1602–1638)

Montalban .

Cuesta's men with their right flank resting on the river held Talavera itself and the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country to the north-See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

ward of it; Wellesley's right connected with Cuesta's See also:

• LEFT

left, and his line stretched away northwards to the ridge mentioned above . The Sierra was not, on the first See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, occupied, and even on the inner ridge itself the See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of General (afterwards See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord) See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill was from some misunderstanding very See also:

• LATE

late in taking up its position . The whole front was covered by a rivulet running from the ridge to the Tagus . The battle was begun by the attack of two French divisions on the British advanced guard, which retired into the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main position with severe loss and in some disorder . See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

Marshal See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor's forces followed them up sharply, and soon came upon Wellesley's line of battle . For some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the ridge (owing to the delay of Hill's Division) was doubtful, and Rufane See also:

• DONKIN, SIR RUFANE SHAW (1773-1841)

Donkin's See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade had a severe struggle, but in the end the arrival of Hill's troops secured this all-important point for the Allied left . Meanwhile the Spaniards (though there was at first a temporary panic amongst them) and the right divisions of the British repulsed an attack in the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain, and the day closed with the armies facing each other along the rivulet and on the ridge . The losses had been heavy on both sides . See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

Early on the 28th the battle was renewed by a furious attack on Hill's troops, whose left was now prolonged to the Sierra by the Allied See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry and a division borrowed from Cuesta . See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph See also:

• BONAPARTE

Bonaparte and See also:

• JOURDAN, JEAN BAPTISTE, COUNT (1762-1833)

Jourdan his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff, who were See also:

• PRESENT

present, were averse from fighting on this present ground, wishing to wait for See also:

• SOULT, NICOLAS JEAN DE DIEU

Soult, whom they expected to come in on Wellesley's See also:

• REAR

rear, and it was only after See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long discussion that the king gave a reluctant assent to Victor's See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of attack . That Marshal's divisions once more tried to oust Hill from the ridge, and once more failed before the steady volleys of the British line and the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the cavalry posted in this See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter (though, owing perhaps to defective ground-scouting, this nearly ended in disaster) . At the same time General See also:

• SEBASTIANI, HORACE FRANCOIS BASTIEN, COUNT (1772–1851)

Sebastiani's 4th See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps, after a heavy See also:

• BOMBARDMENT

bombardment, assaulted the Allied centre in the plain .

Here the British and Spanish battalions held their own firmly, and a See also:

• COUNTER

counter attack by General See also:

• MACKENZIE
• MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER (1822-1892)
• MACKENZIE, HENRY (1745-1831)
• MACKENZIE, SIR ALEXANDER (c. 1755-1820)
• MACKENZIE, SIR ALEXANDER CAMPBELL (1847— )
• MACKENZIE, SIR GEORGE (1636-1691)
• MACKENZIE, SIR MORELL (1837-1892)
• MACKENZIE, WILLIAM LYON (1795-1861)

Mackenzie's division hurled back the French in disorder . Yet another attack followed these failures, and came very near to achieving a great success . This time Lapisse's division of Victor's corps attacked the See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

Allies' left centre, composed of the British See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

Guards . The French columns were again checked by the British line, but here the counter-stroke, unlike Mackenzie's, was carried too far, and the troops in the ardour of incautious pursuit were very severely handled and pushed back to the position by the French reserves; when Wellesley decided the day by a counter attack with the 48th See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment, made with great intrepidity and steadiness . The Guards, with splendid discipline, resumed their positions, and eventually the French. with their See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader Lapisse mortally wounded, See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell back . Failure all along the line and heavy losses left King Joseph no alternative but to retire towards Madrid . The French lost 7268 men out of 46,138 present, the British 5363 out of 20,641 ; the Spanish losses were officially returned at 1201 out of some 36,000 present .