TALC  , a See also:

• MINERAL

mineral which in its compact forms is known as steatite, or soapstone . It was probably the µayvitres A Wos of See also:

• THEOPHRASTUS

Theophrastus, described as a See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone of silvery lustre, easily cut . The word talc, sometimes written talk, is said to come from the Arabic talc, and not to be connected, as has been fancifully suggested, with the See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish talja, " to cut." Talc and See also:

• MICA

mica were confused by the older writers, and even at the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day mica is sometimes known in See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade as talc; whilst the See also:

• TERM

term was formerly applied also to foliated See also:

• GYPSUM

gypsum . Talc is found occasionally in small hexagonal and rhombic plates, with perfect basal cleavage, and they are supposed to be See also:

• MONOCLINIC

monoclinic . Talc often occurs in foliated masses, sometimes with a curved See also:

• SURFACE

surface, readily separating into thin very flexible, non-elastic laminae . The plates give a six-rayed percussion-figure . Talc has a hardness of only about r, and a specific gravity of from 2.6 to 2.8 . Its extreme softness and its greasy feel are characteristic . The lustre on the cleavage See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face is pearly, or sometimes silvery, and one of the old names of the mineral was stella terrae, while See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German writers sometimes called it Katzensilber . The See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour is See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white, See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey, yellow or frequently See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green . The mineral has strong birefringence and a small optic axial See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle . Talc is a See also:

• MAGNESIUM [symbol Mg, atomic weight 24.32 (0 = 16)]

magnesium silicate H2Mg3Si4O12 .

It is generally regarded as a hydrous silicate, but the See also:

• WATER

water is expelled only at a very strong See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat, and may therefore be regarded as basic . By the See also:

• ACTION

action of heat the hardness of the mineral is greatly increased . Pseudomorphs are known after actinolite, See also:

• PYROXENE

pyroxene, &c., and the mineral has probably been generally formed by the alteration of ferro-magnesian silicates . Talc occurs chiefly in crystalline See also:

• SCHISTS (Gr. vxq'ecv, to split)

schists, usually associated with See also:

• CHLORITE

chlorite, See also:

• SERPENTINE

serpentine and See also:

• DOLOMITE

dolomite . See also:

• FINE

Fine examples of See also:

• APPLE (a common Teut. word, A.S. aepl, aeppel, O.H.G. aphul, aphal, apfal, mod. Ger. Apfel)

apple-green colour are found at See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount Greiner, in the Zillerthal, See also:

• TIROL (or TYROL 1)

Tirol . Talc-schist is a foliated See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock composed chiefly of talc, generally associated with See also:

• QUARTZ

quartz and See also:

• FELSPAR, or FELDSPAR

felspar; but all soapy schists are not necessarily talcose . The pearly micaceous constituent of the Alpine protogine is a See also:

• MUSCOVITE

muscovite . The " steatites " of See also:

• PLINY, THE ELDER
• PLINY, THE YOUNGER

Pliny was a stone resembling See also:

• FAT (O.E. fdett; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vet, Ger. Fett, &c., and may be ultimately related to Greek Irian, and =apos, and Sanskrit pivan)

fat, but other-See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

wise undescribed . Being easily cut, steatite has always been a favourite material with the See also:

• CARVER, JOHN (x575?-1621)
• CARVER, JONATHAN (c. 1725-1780)

carver: it was used for See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian scarabs and other amulets, which were usually coated with a See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue vitreous glaze; and it was employed for See also:

• ASSYRIAN

Assyrian See also:

• CYLINDER (Gr. KvAwSpos, from KvXivaety, to roll)

cylinder-See also:

• SEALS

seals and for other See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient signets . By the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese steatite is largely used for ornamental carvings, but many of their " See also:

• SOAP

soap-stone " figures are wrought in a compact See also:

• PYROPHYLLITE

pyrophyllite (q.v.), which is essentially different from talc . The name agalmatolite is often applied to the material of these figures, and was suggested by M . H .

See also:

• KLAPROTH, HEINRICH JULIUS (1783-1835)
• KLAPROTH, MARTIN HEINRICH (1743-1817)

Klaproth from the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek ayaXpa, " an See also:

• IMAGE (Lat. imago, perhaps from the same root as imitari, copy, imitate)

image." Pagodite is an old name for Chinese figure-stone . Ancient steatite carvings are found among the ruins of See also:

• RHODESIA (so named after Cecil Rhodes)

Rhodesia . Steatite is usually a white, grey, greenish or See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown substance, occurring in See also:

• VEINS

veins or nodular masses or in lenticular bedded deposits . Pseudomorphs after quartz and dolomite occur near Wunsiedel in See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria . In some cases it is a product of the alteration of pyroxenic rocks, and the commercial mineral may be very impure . The ease with which steatite may be worked, coupled with its See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of resisting heat, has led to its employment for vessels for See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household use, whence it is called " potstone "—the lapis ollaris of old writers . Among the uses of steatite may be mentioned its employment, especially in See also:

• AMERICA

America, for sinks, stoves, firebricks, See also:

• FOOT

foot-warmers, tips for See also:

• GAS

gas-burners and electric switchboards: when ground it is used as a filler for See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, for See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather-dressing, for covering See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam-pipes, as an ingredient in soap, for See also:

• TOILET

toilet-See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder, for certain paints and as a lubricant . A fine granular steatite is used by tailors for marking See also:

• CLOTH

cloth under the name of " See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• CHALK

chalk " or " See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish chalk." See also:

• SLATE (properly CLAY SLATE; in M. Eng. slat or sclat, from O. Fr. esclat, a small piece of wood used as a tile; esclater, to break into pieces, whence modern Fr. eclat, the root being seen also in Ger. schleissen, to split)

Slate pencils are made of steatite and pyrophyllite; and in See also:

• BURMA

Burma steatite pencils are used for See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing on See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black paper . In the oxyhydrogen See also:

• FLAME (Lat. flamma; the root flag- appears in flagrare, to burn, blaze, and Gr. d, XEryew)

flame, steatite has been fused and See also:

• DRAWN

drawn out into threads, like quartz-See also:

• FIBRES
• FIBRES (or FIBERS, in American spelling; from Lat. fibra, apparently connected either with filum, thread, or findere, to split)

fibres . Steatite and talc-schists are widely distributed, and have occasion-ally been used as See also:

• BUILDING

building stones . When first raised the stone is soft, but hardens on exposure . Soapstone from See also:

• GUDBRANDSDAL

Gudbrandsdal is used in the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of See also:

• TRONDHJEM, or THRONDHJEM (sometimes written in the German form Drontheim)

Trondhjem in See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway .

Veins of steatite occur in the serpentine of the See also:

• LIZARD (Lat. lacertal)

Lizard See also:

• DISTRICT

district in See also:

• CORNWALL

Cornwall, and the mineral was used under the name of soap rock in the manufacture of the old See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester See also:

• PORCELAIN

porcelain . Among localities of steatite369 in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Isles mention may be made of Crohy See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

Head and Gartan near See also:

• LETTERKENNY

Letterkenny in co . See also:

• DONEGAL

Donegal, See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland; the See also:

• SHETLAND, or ZETLAND

Shetland isles, the See also:

• HEBRIDES, THE, or WESTERN ISLES

Hebrides (See also:

• HARRIS, GEORGE, 1ST BARON (1746–1829)
• HARRIS, JAMES (1709-1780)
• HARRIS, JOEL CHANDLER (1848-1908)
• HARRIS, JOHN (c. 1666-1719)
• HARRIS, SIR WILLIAM SNOW
• HARRIS, THOMAS LAKE (1823-1906)
• HARRIS, WILLIAM TORREY (1835-1909)

Harris) and Shiness in See also:

• SUTHERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Sutherland . In See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North America the See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution of the mineral is very extensive; localities of economic importance are near Gouverneur and elsewhere in St See also:

• LAWRENCE
• LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
• LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
• LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
• LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
• LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
• LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
• LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
• LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)

Lawrence co., New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York; at Francestown in New See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire; See also:

• STOCKBRIDGE

Stockbridge, See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor co., See also:

• VERMONT

Vermont; Lynnfield, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts; near See also:

• LAFAYETTE

Lafayette, See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania; See also:

• ALBEMARLE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Albemarle, Amelia, See also:

• BUCKINGHAM
• BUCKINGHAM, EARLS, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• BUCKINGHAM, FIRST DUKE
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 1ST DUKE 0E1
• BUCKINGHAM, GEORGE VILLIERS, 2ND DUKE 0E1 (1628-1687)
• BUCKINGHAM, HENRY STAFFORD, 2ND DUKE OF3 (1454-1483)
• BUCKINGHAM, JAMES SILK (1786-1855)

Buckingham, See also:

• FAIRFAX, EDWARD (c. 1580-1635)

Fairfax and Fluvanna See also:

• COS
• COS, or STANKO (Ital. Stanchio, Turk. Islan-keui, by corruption from Etc rav KW)

cos., See also:

• VIRGINIA
• VIRGINIA, or VERGINIA
• VIRGINIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Virginia; See also:

• CHEROKEE
• CHEROKEE (native Tsalagi, " cave people ")

Cherokee, See also:

• MOORE, A
• MOORE, ALBERT JOSEPH (1841–1893)
• MOORE, EDWARD (1712–1757)
• MOORE, GEORGE (1853– )
• MOORE, GEORGE FOOT (1851– )
• MOORE, HENRY (1831–1895)
• MOORE, JOHN (1729-1802)
• MOORE, SIR JOHN (1761-1809)
• MOORE, THOMAS (1779-1852)

Moore and Swain cos., North Carolina; and in See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray co., See also:

• GEORGIA

Georgia . A fibrous steatite from New York See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, used in the manufacture of paper, is known as agalite . Rensselaerite is a See also:

• WAX

wax-like talcose substance, passing into serpentine, from St Lawrence co., New York, named by E . See also:

• EMMONS, EBENEZER (1800-1863)
• EMMONS, NATHANAEL (1745–1840)

Emmons in 1837 after S . See also:

• VAN

Van See also:

• RENSSELAER

Rensselaer, of See also:

• ALBANY
• ALBANY, DUKES OF
• ALBANY, LOUISE MAXIMILIENNE CAROLINE, COUNTESS OF (1752-1824)

Albany, N.Y . Beaconite is an asbestiform talc from See also:

• MICHIGAN
• MICHIGAN, LAKE
• MICHIGAN, UNIVERSITY OF

Michigan, named by L . W . Hubbard . The term pyrallolite was given by Nils G .

See also:

• NORDENSKIOLD, NILS ADOLF ERIK, BARON (1832-1901)

Nordenskiold to a mineral from See also:

• FINLAND (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa)

Finland, which appears to be talc pseudomorphous after pyroxene . Talcoid was K . F . See also:

• NAUMANN, GEORG AMADEUS CARL FRIEDRICH (1797-1873)

Naumann's name for a white lamellar mineral from near Pressnitz in Bohemia . A blue earthy mineral from near See also:

• SILVER

Silver See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City, New See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico, known locally as " native See also:

• ULTRAMARINE

ultramarine," is a magnesium silicate . See " '1ilr1c and Soapstone " in vol. ii. of Mineral Resources of the U.S . (See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington, 1909), and J . H . See also:

• PRATT, ORSON (1811–1881)

Pratt, " Economic Papers," No . 3 of Geol . Surv. of N . Carolina (1900) ; also E .

W . See also:

• PARKER, JOHN HENRY (1806-1884)
• PARKER, JOSEPH (183o-1902)
• PARKER, MARTIN (c. 1600-c. 1656)
• PARKER, MATTHEW (1504-1575)
• PARKER, SAMUEL (164o-1688)
• PARKER, SIR GILBERT (1862— )
• PARKER, SIR HYDE, BART
• PARKER, THEODORE (1810-186o)

Parker in 19th See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report of U.S . Geol . Surv . (1898) ; C . H . See also:

• SMYTH (or SMITH), JOHN (c. 1570-1612)
• SMYTH (or SMITH), WILLIAM (c. 1460-1514)
• SMYTH, CHARLES
• SMYTH, SIR WARINGTON WILKINSON (1817-1890)

Smyth, junior, The Fibrous Talc See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

Industry of St Lawrence Co., N.Y., in " Mineral Industry," vol. ix., for 1900; and G . P . See also:

• MERRILL

Merrill's Non-metallic Minerals (New York, 1904) . (F . W .