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TALLAGE (med. Lat. tallagium, Fr. lai...

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 372 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TALLAGE (med.
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Lat. tallagium, Fr. lailage, from
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late Lat. talare, taleare, Fr. tallier, to cut, classical Lat. talea, a cutting, slip; cf. "
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tally " and the French taille, q.v.)
  , a
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special tax in England paid by cities, boroughs and royal demesnes . The word, variously interpreted as a
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part " cut of " from the
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property taxed, or as derived from the
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tally (q.v.), first appears in the reign of Henry II. as a synonym for the auxilium burgi, which was an occasional payment exacted by king and barons over and above the
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annual firma burgi from burgage tenants, since all boroughs after the Norman
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Conquest came to be regarded as in some lord's demesne . The tax displaced the
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Danegeld so far as the towns and demesne lands of the
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Crown were concerned in the second
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half of the 12th century, and gradually the barons were deprived of the right of tallaging their respective demesnes without royal authorization . The imposition of tallage continued under the immediate successors of Henry II.; the barons failed to secure its prohibition or even limitation at Runnymede, and Henry III. levied it frequently . The amount to be paid was determined during this time by officials of the
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exchequer in special fiscal circuits through
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separate negotiations with the various tax-paying communities, the towns usually raising their
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quota by means of a capitation or
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poll tax . Its imposition practically ceased by 1283 in favour of a general grant made in parliament, and the king's retention of tallage seemed particularly unnecessary and illogical after burgesses were summoned to parliament . The opinion used to be held that tallage was forbidden by the Confirmatio car-/arum, but the Latin version of that document which bears the title De tallagio non concedendo, although cited as a
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statute in the preamble to the Petition of Right in 1627 and in a judicial decision of 1637, was merely a chronicler's
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summary of the purposes of the official French document, which did not mention tallage by name . After 1297, however, there were only three levies of the tax: one by
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Edward I. in 1304; again in 1312 by Edward II. despite the protests of
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London and Bristol; and finally in 1332, when Edward III. encountered such opposition from parliament that he withdrew the commissions and accepted in its place a grant of a tenth-and-fifteenth . The last time that the king granted leave to the barons to tallage their demesnes was in 1305 . The second statute of 1340 formally enacted that the nation should thenceforth not " make any
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common aid or sustain charge," including tallage, without consent of parliament . See William Stubbs, Constitutional
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History of England, vol. i.
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sect . 161, vol. ii. sect .

275; D . J . Medley,

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English Constitutional History, 3rd ed . (London, 1902);
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Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law, vol. i., 2nd ed . ; S . J . Low and F . S . Pulling,
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Dictionary of English History .

End of Article: TALLAGE (med. Lat. tallagium, Fr. lailage, from late Lat. talare, taleare, Fr. tallier, to cut, classical Lat. talea, a cutting, slip; cf. " tally " and the French taille, q.v.)
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