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TALLAGE (med. Lat. tallagium, Fr. lai...

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 372 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TALLAGE (med. See also:Lat. tallagium, Fr. lailage, from See also:late Lat. talare, taleare, Fr. tallier, to cut, classical Lat. talea, a cutting, slip; cf. " See also:tally " and the See also:French See also:taille, q.v.)  , a See also:special tax in See also:England paid by cities, boroughs and royal demesnes . The word, variously interpreted as a See also:part " cut of " from the See also:property taxed, or as derived from the See also:tally (q.v.), first appears in the reign of See also:Henry II. as a synonym for the auxilium burgi, which was an occasional See also:payment exacted by See also:king and barons over and above the See also:annual firma burgi from See also:burgage tenants, since all boroughs after the See also:Norman See also:Conquest came to be regarded as in some See also:lord's See also:demesne . The tax displaced the See also:Danegeld so far as the towns and demesne lands of the See also:Crown were concerned in the second See also:half of the 12th See also:century, and gradually the barons were deprived of the right of tallaging their respective demesnes without royal authorization . The See also:imposition of See also:tallage continued under the immediate successors of Henry II.; the barons failed to secure its See also:prohibition or even See also:limitation at Runnymede, and Henry III. levied it frequently . The amount to be paid was determined during this See also:time by officials of the See also:exchequer in special fiscal circuits through See also:separate negotiations with the various tax-paying communities, the towns usually raising their See also:quota by means of a capitation or See also:poll tax . Its imposition practically ceased by 1283 in favour of a See also:general See also:grant made in See also:parliament, and the king's retention of tallage seemed particularly unnecessary and illogical after burgesses were summoned to parliament . The See also:opinion used to be held that tallage was forbidden by the Confirmatio See also:car-/arum, but the Latin version of that document which bears the See also:title De tallagio non concedendo, although cited as a See also:statute in the See also:preamble to the See also:Petition of Right in 1627 and in a judicial decision of 1637, was merely a chronicler's See also:summary of the purposes of the See also:official See also:French document, which did not mention tallage by name . After 1297, however, there were only three levies of the tax: one by See also:Edward I. in 1304; again in 1312 by Edward II. despite the protests of See also:London and See also:Bristol; and finally in 1332, when Edward III. encountered such opposition from parliament that he withdrew the commissions and accepted in its See also:place a grant of a tenth-and-fifteenth . The last time that the king granted leave to the barons to tallage their demesnes was in 1305 . The second statute of 1340 formally enacted that the nation should thenceforth not " make any See also:common aid or sustain See also:charge," including tallage, without consent of parliament . See See also:William See also:Stubbs, Constitutional See also:History of England, vol. i. See also:sect . 161, vol. ii. sect .

275; D . J . Medley, See also:

English Constitutional History, 3rd ed . (London, 1902); See also:Pollock and See also:Maitland, History of English See also:Law, vol. i., 2nd ed . ; S . J . See also:Low and F . S . Pulling, See also:Dictionary of English History .

End of Article: TALLAGE (med. Lat. tallagium, Fr. lailage, from late Lat. talare, taleare, Fr. tallier, to cut, classical Lat. talea, a cutting, slip; cf. " tally " and the French taille, q.v.)
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