See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

JAMES NAPPER See also:

• JAMES NAPPER TANDY (174o—18o3)

TANDY (174o—18o3)  , Irish See also:

• REBEL, JOHANN PETER (176o-1826)

rebel, son of a See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin ironmonger, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in Dublin in 1740 . He started See also:

• LIFE

life as a small tradesman; but turning to politics, he became a member of the See also:

• CORPORATION (from Lat. corporare, to form into a body, corpus, corporis)

corporation of Dublin, and made himself popular by his denunciation of municipal corruption and by his proposal of a See also:

• BOYCOTT

boycott of See also:

• ENGLISH

English goods in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, in See also:

• RETALIATION

retaliation for the restrictions imposed by the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government on Irish See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce . In See also:

• APRIL

April 1780 See also:

• TANDY, JAMES NAPPER (174o—18o3)

Tandy was expelled from the Dublin See also:

• VOLUNTEERS

volunteers (see See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

FLOOD, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

HENRY) for proposing the See also:

• EXPULSION (Lat. expulsio, from expellere)

expulsion of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• LEINSTER

Leinster, whose moderation had offended the extremists . He was one of the most conspicuous of the small revolutionary party, chiefly of the shopkeeper class, who formed a permanent See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee in See also:

• JUNE

June 1784 to agitate for reform, and called a See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention of delegates from all parts of Ireland, which met in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1784 . Tandy persuaded the corporation of Dublin to condemn by See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution See also:

• PITT, THOMAS (1653-1726)
• PITT, WILLIAM (1759-1806)

Pitt's amended commercial resolutions in 1785 . He became a member of the Whig See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club founded by See also:

• GRATTAN, HENRY (1746-1820)

Grattan; and he actively co-operated with See also:

• THEOBALD, (d. 1161)
• THEOBALD, LEWIS (1688-1744)

Theobald See also:

• WOLFE, CHARLES (1791-1823)
• WOLFE, JAMES (1727-1759)

Wolfe See also:

• TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

Tone in See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding the Society of the See also:

• UNITED

United Irishmen in 1791, .of which he became the first secretary . The violence of his opinions, strongly influenced by See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French revolutionary ideas, now brought Tandy prominently under the See also:

• NOTICE

notice of the government . In See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1792 an allusion in debate by Toler (after-wards See also:

• EARL

earl of Norbury), the See also:

• ATTORNEY (from O. Fr. atorne, a person appointed to act for another, from atourner, legal Lat. attornare, attorn, literally to turn over to another or commit business to another)

attorney-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, to Tandy's See also:

• PERSONAL

personal ugliness, provoked him into sending a See also:

• CHALLENGE (O. Fr. chalonge, calenge, &c., from Lat. calumnia, originally meaning trickery, from calvi, to deceive, hence a false accusation, a " calumny ")

challenge; this was treated by the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons as a See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach of See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege, and a See also:

• SPEAKER

Speaker's See also:

• WARRANT (Med. Lat. warantum; O. Fr. garant, warant, derived from O.H.G. root represented in modern German bygewdhren)

warrant was issued for his See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest, which however hemanaged to elude till its validity expired on the See also:

• PROROGATION

prorogation of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . Tandy then took proceedings against the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant for issuing a See also:

• PROCLAMATION (Lat. proclamare, to make public by announcement)

proclamation for his arrest; and although the See also:

• ACTION

action failed, it increased Tandy's popularity, and his TANDY 395 expenses were paid by the Society of the United Irishmen . Sympathy with the French Revolution was at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time rapidly spreading in Ireland . A See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of some 6000 persons in See also:

• BELFAST

Belfast voted a congratulatory address to the French nation in See also:

• JULY

July 1791 . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year Napper Tandy took a leading See also:

• PART

part in organizing a new military association in Ireland modelled after the French See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• GUARDS, AND HOUSEHOLD TROOPS

Guards; they professed republican principles, and on their See also:

• UNIFORM

uniform the cap of See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty instead of the See also:

• CROWN

crown surmounted the Irish See also:

• HARP (Fr. harpe; Ger. Harfe; Ital. arpa)

harp .

Tandy also, with the purpose of bringing about a See also:

• FUSION

fusion between the Defenders and the United Irishmen, took the See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath of the Defenders, a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic society whose agrarian and See also:

• POLITICAL

political violence had been increasing for several years; but being threatened with See also:

• PROSECUTION

prosecution for this step, and also for See also:

• LIBEL

libel, he fled to See also:

• AMERICA

America, where he remained till 1798 . In February 1798 he went to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, where at this time a number of Irish refugees, the most prominent of whom was Wolfe Tone, were assembled, planning See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion in Ireland to be supported by a French invasion, and quarrelling among themselves . None of these was more quarrelsome than Napper Tandy, who was exceedingly conceited", and habitually drunken; his vanity was wounded to find himself of less See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account than Tone in the See also:

• COUNCILS

councils of the conspirators . Wolfe Tone, who a few months before had patronizingly described him to Talleyrand as " a respectable old See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man whose patriotism has been known for See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years," was now disgusted by the lying braggadocio with which Tandy persuaded the French authorities that he was a personage of See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• WEALTH

wealth and See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in Ireland, at whose See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance 30,000 men would rise in arms . Tandy was not, however, lacking in courage . He accepted the See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of a corvette, the " See also:

• ANACREON

Anacreon," placed at his disposal by the French government, in which, accompanied by a few leading United Irishmen, and supplied with a small force of men and a considerable quantity of arms and See also:

• AMMUNITION

ammunition for See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution in Ireland, he sailed from See also:

• DUNKIRK
• DUNKIRK (Fr. Dunkerque)

Dunkirk and arrived at the isle of See also:

• ARAN

Aran, off the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• DONEGAL

Donegal, on the 16th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1798 . The populace showed no disposition to welcome the invaders . Napper Tandy, who was drunk during most of the expedition, took See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of See also:

• RUTLAND
• RUTLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RUTLAND, JOHN JAMES ROBERT MANNERS, 7TH DUKE OF (1818-1906)

Rutland, where he hoisted an Irish See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag and issued a bombastic proclamation; but learning the See also:

• COMPLETE

complete failure of See also:

• HUMBERT, RANIERI CARLO EMANUELE GIOVANNI MARIA FERDINANDO EUGENIO, KING OF ITALY (1844-1900)

Humbert's expedition, and that See also:

• CONNAUGHT
• CONNAUGHT, ARTHUR WILLIAM PATRICK ALBERT, DUKE OF (1850– )

Connaught instead of being in open rebellion was perfectly quiet, the futility of the enterprise was apparent to the French if not to Tandy himself; and the latter having been carried on See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board the " Anacreon " in a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• INTOXICATION (Lat. toxicare, intoxicare, to smear with poison, toxicum, an adaptation of Gr. 'r(*uK v, sc. ¢apµasov, a poison smeared on arrows; roEov, bow)

intoxication, the See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel sailed See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland to avoid the English See also:

• FLEET

fleet, and reached See also:

• BERGEN

Bergen in safety, whence Tandy made his way to See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg with three or four companions . In compliance with a See also:

• PEREMPTORY

peremptory demand from the English government, and in spite of a See also:

• COUNTER

counter-See also:

• THREAT

threat from the French See also:

• DIRECTORY

Directory, the refugees were surrendered . Tandy remained in See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison till April 18o1, when he was tried, pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to See also:

• DEATH

death; he was, however, reprieved and allowed to go to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . This leniency may have been partly due to doubts as to the legality of the demand for his surrender by the Hamburg authorities; but the government was probably more influenced by See also:

• CORNWALLIS, CHARLES CORNWALLIS
• CORNWALLIS, SIR WILLIAM (1744-1819)

Cornwallis's See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion that Tandy was " a See also:

• FELLOW

fellow of so very contemptible a See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character that no See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person in this See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country (Ireland) seems to care the smallest degree about him." Moreover, See also:

• BONAPARTE

Bonaparte vigorously intervened on his behalf, and is even said to have made Tandy's See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release a See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of See also:

• SIGNING

signing the treaty of See also:

• AMIENS

Amiens . Notwithstanding his vices and his lack of all solid capacity, there is no See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to suppose that Napper Tandy was dishonest or insincere; and the manner in which his name was introduced in the well-known ballad, "The Wearing of the See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green," proves that he succeeded in impressing the popular See also:

• IMAGINATION

imagination of the rebel party in Ireland .

In France, where his release was regarded as a French See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic victory, he was received, in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1802, as a person of distinction; and when he died on the 24th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1803 his funeral was attended by the military and an immense number of the See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population . See R . R . See also:

• MADDEN, SIR FREDERIC (1801-1873)

Madden, The Lives of the United Irishmen, 7 vols . (Dublin, 1842–46) ; W . J . MacNeven, Pieces of Irish See also:

• HISTORY

History (New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, 18o7); T . Wolfe Tone, Autobiography, ed. by R . See also:

• BARRY
• BARRY, ELIZABETH (1658—1713)
• BARRY, JAMES (1741—1806)
• BARRY, SIR CHARLES (1795-1860)
• BARRY, SIR REDMOND (1813-188o)
• BARRY, SPRANGER (1719-1777)

Barry O'Brien, 2 vols . (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1893); W . J . Fitzpatrick, See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

Secret Service under Pitt (London, 1892); See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• MUSGRAVE, SAMUEL (1732-1780)

Musgrave, See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of Rebellions in Ireland, 2 vols .

(Dublin, 18o2); J . A . See also:

• FROUDE, JAMES ANTHONY (1818-1894)

Froude, The English in Ireland in the Eighteenth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

Century, 3 vols . (London, 1872–74) ; Castlereagh See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

Correspondence, i., ii.; Cornwallis Correspondence, ii., iii . (R . J . M.) TANEGA-SHIMA, an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island lying to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of Kiushiu, See also:

• JAPAN

Japan, in 30° 50' N. and 131° E., 361 m. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and 74 M. broad at its widest part . It is a long See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low stretch of See also:

• LAND

land, carefully cultivated, and celebrated as the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place where Mendez See also:

• PINTO
• PINTO, ANIBAL (1825–1884)
• PINTO, FERNAO MENDES (1509–1583)

Pinto landed when he found his way to Japan in 1543 . Until See also:

• MODERN

modern times firearms were colloquially known in Japan as " Tanega-shima," in allusion to the fact that they were introduced by Pinto .