TARTAR  , the name commonly applied to crude See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid See also:

• POTASSIUM [symbol K (from kalium), atomic weight 39.114 0=16)]

potassium tartrate or " bitartrate of potash," HK(C4H406) . During the See also:

• PROCESS

process of See also:

• FERMENTATION

fermentation wines See also:

• DEPOSIT (Lat. depositurn, from deponere, to lay down, to put in the care of)

deposit a crystalline crust of See also:

• ARGOL

argol; this, after being roughly purified by recrystallization, is known as tartar, and when further purified and freed from colouring matters becomes " cream of tartar," also called technically " cream." With the iatrochemists tartar was a generic See also:

• TERM

term which included both this See also:

• TARTARUS

tartarus vini and various substances obtained from it, and even salts, such as See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt of See also:

• SORREL

sorrel (potassium oxalate), that resembled it . Thus sal fixum tartari was potassium carbonate, which on exposure to the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air deliquesces to oleum tartari per deliquium; neutral potassium tartrate was called tartarus tartarisatus, because it was prepared by neutralizing See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary tartar with the sal fixum; tartarus chalybeatus was a preparation with See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron; and spiritus tartari, used by See also:

• PARACELSUS (c. 1490-1541)

Paracelsus, was prepared by dry See also:

• DISTILLATION (from the Lat. distillare, more correctly destillare, to drop or trickle down)

distillation of tartar . Paracelsus also used the term in a still wider sense to signify abnormal precipitates or sediments deposited from See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal secretions; the same See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea is apparent in the popular application of the word to the salivary calculus which forms on the See also:

• TEETH (O.E. Eel); plural of tooth, O.E. top)

teeth . Cream of tartar is prepared by dissolving granulated argol in boiling See also:

• WATER

water and allowing the See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution to stand . The clear liquid is then See also:

• DRAWN

drawn off and crystallized . The slightly coloured crystals thus obtained are redissolved in hot water, the colouring matters got rid of by means of pipeclay or See also:

• EGG (O.E. aeg, cf. Ger. Ei, Swed. aegg, and prob. Gr. u,ov, Lat. ovum)
• EGG, AUGUSTUS LEOPOLD (1816-1863)

egg-albumen, and the solution filtered and crystallized, the name " crean of tartar " being originally applied to the crust of See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute crystals that See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form on its See also:

• SURFACE

surface as it cools . The salt crystallizes in masses of small, hard, colourless, trans-See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent, rhombic prisms . It is precipitated when an excess of a potassium salt is added to a solution of tartaric acid, but it dissolves in See also:

• MINERAL

mineral acids, and in alkalis and alkaline See also:

• CARBONATES

carbonates . Solutions of boric acid or See also:

• BORAX (sodium pyroborate or sodium biborate)

borax dissolve it freely, forming soluble cream of tartar, which is a See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder permanent in the air when made with the acid, but deliquescent when borax is employed . Its slight solubility in See also:

• ALCOHOL

alcohol explains why it is deposited by wines as they mature . One See also:

• PART

part by See also:

• WEIGHT

weight of the salt dissolves in 15 parts of boiling water, but at See also:

• LOWER

lower temperatures the solubility is greatly diminished, and at o° C. about 416 parts of water are required .

When heated it is decomposed with formation of potassium carbonate and See also:

• CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12)

carbon, inflammable gases having an odour of burnt See also:

• BREAD

bread being evolved . The salt is used for the manufacture of tartaric acid ; it is also employed in the See also:

• MORDANT

mordant See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

bath for See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool-See also:

• DYEING (0. Eng. dedgian, dealt ; Mid. Eng. deyen)

dyeing, with powdered See also:

• CHALK

chalk and See also:

• ALUM

alum for cleaning See also:

• SILVER

silver, and for the preparation of effervescing drinks and See also:

• BAKING

baking-powder . In See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine as potassii tariras acidus it is of some slight importance as a diuretic and purgative . The more soluble normal salt, K2(C4H406), is used for the same purposes; it is formed by dissolving powdered cream of tartar in a hot solution of potassium carbonate . If See also:

• SODIUM [symbol Na, from Lat. natrium; atomic weight 23.00 (0=16)]

sodium carbonate is substituted the result is KNa(C4H406), or Rochelle salt . Tartar emetic (potassium antimonyl tartrate) K . (SbO) C4H406•1H2O . This substance has been known for a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, being mentioned by See also:

• BASIL (Russ. VASILY)

Basil See also:

• VALENTINE, or VALENTINUS

Valentine . It may be prepared by warming 3 parts of antimonious See also:

• OXIDE

oxide with 4 parts of cream of tartar, in the presence of water, replacing the water as it evaporates; after digestion is See also:

• COMPLETE

complete, the solution is filtered hot . Powder of See also:

• ALGAROTH, POWDER OF

algaroth (q.v.) may be used in See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the See also:

• ANTIMONY (symbol Sb, atomic weight 120.2)

antimony oxide . Tartar emetic crystallizes in small octahedra, which lose their water of See also:

• CRYSTALLIZATION

crystallization gradually on exposure to air, and become opaque . It is soluble in 14.5 parts of See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold water and 1.9 parts of hot, the solution showing an acid reaction to See also:

• LITMUS (apparently a corruption of lacmus, Dutch lacmoes, lac, lac, and moes, pulp, due to association with " lit," an obsolete word for dye, colour; the Ger. equivalent is Lac/emus, Fr tournesol)

litmus .

It possesses a nauseous metallic See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste and produces vomiting when taken internally, whilst in large doses it is poisonous . It is used medicinally, and also as a mordant in dyeing and See also:

• CALICO

calico-See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing .