TASMANIA  , a See also:

• BRITISH

British colonial See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, forming See also:

• PART

part of the Australian See also:

• COMMONWEALTH

Commonwealth . It is composed of the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of Tasmania and its adjoining islands, and is separated from the Australian See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east by See also:

• BASS
• BASS (the same word as " base," and so pronounced, but influenced in spelling by the Ital. basso)

Bass Strait . The See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea See also:

• ELEPHANT

Elephant See also:

• ROOK (O.E. Hr6c, Icel. Hr6kr,1 Swed. Mika, Du. Roek, Gael. Rocas)

Rook .See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's I . Bold Pt . emoty Welker ,C . island of Tasmania is triangular in shape, See also:

• AREA

area 24,331 sq. m . (with the other islands 26,215 sq. m.), 20o m. from N. to S., and 245 M. See also:

• FLOUR

flour E. to W . Coastal Features.—The See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern portion of the eastern See also:

• SHORE

shore of Tasmania is remarkable for its picturesque inlets and bold headlands . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal inlet is See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

Storm See also:

• BAY

Bay, which has three well-defined arms . The most easterly is See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk Bay, enclosed between Forestier's See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

Peninsula and See also:

• TASMAN, ABEL JANSZOON (c. 1603-1659)

Tasman Peninsula . The See also:

• MIDDLE

middle See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm is See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry Bay, and the western the See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary of the See also:

• DERWENT (Celtic Dwr-gent, clear water)

Derwent . It is on this estuary that See also:

• HOBART
• HOBART, GARRET AUGUSTUS (1844–1899)
• HOBART, JOHN HENRY (1775-1830)

Hobart, the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the island, is situated .

Besides the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main entrance to Storm Bay, between Cape Raoul and Tasman See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

Head, there is D'See also:

• ENTRECASTEAUX

Entrecasteaux Channel, which divides See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North and South See also:

• BRUNI, LEONARDO (1369-1444)

Bruni Island from the mainland . This channel has two branches, the easterly forming the entrance into Storm Bay, and the western being the estuary of the Huon See also:

• RIVER

river . On the east See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast lies the peculiarly-shaped Maria Island, almost severed by deep indentations on the east and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west . Above this island is See also:

• OYSTER

Oyster Bay, formed by the See also:

• PROJECTION

projection, See also:

• FREYCINET, CHARLES LOUIS DE SAULCES DE (1828- )
• FREYCINET, LOUIS CLAUDE DESAULSES DE (1779-1842)

Freycinet Peninsula . On the south are some very prominent headlands . In the south-west lies the See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour of See also:

• PORT

Port Davey, which receives several small See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers . Proceeding northward along the west coast the most conspicuous headlands are Rocky Point, Point Ilibbs and Cape Sorell, which stands at the entrance of See also:

• MACQUARIE

Macquarie Harbour, the deep inlet receiving the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of the river See also:

• GORDON
• GORDON, ADAM LINDSAY (1833—1870)
• GORDON, ALEXANDER (c. 1692—c. 1754)
• GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE (1833-'885)
• GORDON, LEON
• GORDON, LORD GEORGE (1751-1793)
• GORDON, PATRICK (1635–1699)
• GORDON, SIR JOHN WATSON (1788—1864)

Gordon C Wiohham xent'Craup See also:

• FRITH (or FRYTH), JOHN (c. 1503-1533)
• FRITH, WILLIAM POWELL (1818-19og)

frith 4, Judgement Rim . .See also:

• WRIGHT, CARROLL DAVIDSON (1840-1909)
• WRIGHT, CHAUNCEY (1830-1875)
• WRIGHT, JOSEPH (1734-1797)
• WRIGHT, SILAS (1795-1847)
• WRIGHT, THOMAS (1809–1884)
• WRIGHT, THOMAS (1810—1877)
• WRIGHT, WILLIAM ALDIS (1836– )

Wright Poch B a a s S t r a i t Craggy le 4istare Pipamid . C.Franh/and Pascoe /s..: See also:

• MARSHALL
• MARSHALL, ALFRED (1842– )
• MARSHALL, JOHN (1755–1835)
• MARSHALL, JOHN (1818-1891)
• MARSHALL, STEPHEN (c. 1594-1655)

Marshall See also:

• HUMMOCK (of uncertain derivation; cf. hump or hillock)

Hummock See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Manngege r ./.Vt See also:

• GROUP

Group `-- . ` Chappellele., Vanai [See also:

• TART

tart I . G.wse / BadgerL40 . CaPe ` w e H Cq Clarhe I. lO~r ssager o l.n °o aPS~ °v-t ~tlnha Strait PGLP t e obi o~.o i °~,oe^,v '!° .

. °See also:

• SWAN (A. S. swan and swan, Icel. svanr, Du. zwaart, Ger. Schwan)
• SWAN, J
• SWAN, JOHN MACALLAN (1847-1910)
• SWAN, SIR JOSEPH WILSON (1828– )

Swan 1 . C.Natura/isle ws^~Oec~o~~q\ 0'9~r _r_ . I TJ86a'` , ddustone See also:

• LODI

Lodi Swan Port 4. rouruille s Panynsu/o mp 5?Sohouten l . 1;9'Toillefen4s, - labdna . . See also:

• MARIO, GIUSEPPE, COUNT OF CANDIA (1810-1883)

Mario I . Riedle B . See also:

• MAR, EARLDOM OF
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 1ST OR 6TH EARL OF (d. 1572)
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 2ND OR 7TH EARL
• MAR, JOHN ERSKINE, 6TH OR 11TH EARL OF (1675-1732)

Mar/on Bay .Fred' Rendrich Forestieri Peninsula raeman Peninsula and several smaller streams . North of this there are several prominent headlands . The west coast terminates at Cape Grim, opposite which are the group known by the name of See also:

• HUNTER, JOHN (1728-1793)
• HUNTER, ROBERT MERCER TALIAFERRO (r8o9-1887)
• HUNTER, SIR WILLIAM WILSON (1840-19oo)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM (1718–1783)
• HUNTER, WILLIAM ALEXANDER (1844-1898)

Hunter's Islands . Going eastward along the north coast Circular Head is met with, a narrow peninsula See also:

• RUNNING

running out for six See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles and terminating in a rocky See also:

• BLUFF (a word of uncertain origin; possibly connected with an obsolete Dutch word, blaf, broad)

bluff 400 ft. high . Further east are Emu Bay, Port Frederick, Port Sorell and Port Dalrymple, into which flows the Tamar river, on which See also:

• LAUNCESTON

Launceston is situated . In Bass Strait are several large islands belonging to Tasmania; King's, See also:

• FLINDERS, MATTHEW (1774-1814)

Flinders, Cape Barren and See also:

• CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
• CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
• CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
• CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
• CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
• CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
• CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
• CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
• CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
• CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
• CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
• CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)

Clarke Islands are the largest .

Flinders Island has an area 1 to the subsidence of the See also:

• LAND

land, of which the islands in the Bass Strait of 513,000 acres . Among the rivers flowing northward to Bass are remnants, which then connected Tasmania with the continent . The latest date for the existence of this connexion is given by the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence from Tasmania of the See also:

• DINGO

dingo, the See also:

• LYRE (Gr. Xupa)

lyre-See also:

• BIRD

bird and the See also:

• GIANT (O.E. geant, through Fr. giant, O.Fr. gaiant, jaiant, jeant, med. pop. Lat. gagante—cf. Ital. gigante—by assimilation from gigantem, ace. of Lat. gigas, Gr. yiyas)

giant marsupials; so that the See also:

• ISOLATION

isolation of Tasmania was earlier than the arrival of those animals in south-eastern See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia . That it was not much earlier is shown by the fact that some still living See also:

• SPECIES

species of mammals, such as the thylacine, existed before the separation . The See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

geological sequence in Tasmania is full, and the island contains a better See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of Carboniferous rocks than is found in See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria . The See also:

• NUCLEUS (Lat. for the kernal of a nut, nux, the stone of fruit)

nucleus of the island is a See also:

• BLOCK
• BLOCK (from the Fr. bloc, and possibly connected with an Old Ger. Block, obstruction, cf. " baulk ")
• BLOCK, MAURICE (1816–19or)

block of Archean rocks, which are not, so far as is known, extensively exposed . The most certain representatives of the Archean are the See also:

• GNEISS

gneiss and See also:

• SCHISTS (Gr. vxq'ecv, to split)

schists of the See also:

• DOVE
• DOVE (Dutch duyve, Dan. due, Ice. dufa, Ger. Taube)

Dove river and the upper Forth, and the See also:

• HORNBLENDE

hornblende-schists, which are exposed in the river valleys on the margins of the central See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau . The See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount See also:

• LYELL, SIR CHARLES (1797-1875)

Lyell schists which underlie the West Coast Range, and the quartzites of Port Davey on the western coast, ,have also been regarded as Archean . The See also:

• LOWER

Lower Palaeozoic systems begin with the See also:

• CAMBRIAN

Cambrian, which are found in See also:

• NORTHERN

northern Tasmania near See also:

• LATROBE, CHARLES JOSEPH (18o1–1875)

Latrobe, and contain Cambrian fossils as Dikelocephalus Tasmanicus and Conocephalites stephensi . The Ordovician See also:

• SYSTEM

system has not been certainly identified; but probably many of the slates and quartzites ! in north-western Tasmania and of the See also:

• MINING

mining See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field of See also:

• BEACONSFIELD
• BEACONSFIELD, BENJAMIN DISRAELI, EARL OF

Beaconsfield on the estuary of the Tamar, are Ordovician . The See also:

• SILURIAN

Silurian system, however, is well See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed in north-western Tasmania, and is represented by slates, limestones and sandstones yielding a distinctively Silurian See also:

• FAUNA

fauna . The rocks are best known by the See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime-stones in the See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead mining field at See also:

• ZEEHAN

Zeehan, and the slates, including the See also:

• TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

tin mine of Mount Bischoff .

The Devonian system is best represented by the massive conglomerates and quartzites, which See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the West Coast Range extending from Mount Lyell on Macquarie Harbour, through Mounts See also:

• JUKES, JOSEPH BEETE (1811-1869)

Jukes, See also:

• OWEN, JOHN (1616-1683)
• OWEN, JOHN [OVENUS Or AUDOENUS] (c. 1560-1622)
• OWEN, ROBERT (1771-1858)
• OWEN, SIR HUGH (1804-1881)
• OWEN, SIR RICHARD (1804–1892)

Owen, Lyell, See also:

• MURCHISON, SIR RODERICK IMPEY (1792-1871)

Murchison and See also:

• GEIKIE
• GEIKIE, JAMES (1839- )
• GEIKIE, SIR ARCHIBALD (1835- )

Geikie, to Mount See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black . These mountains consist of detached remnants of a See also:

• SHEET

sheet of See also:

• QUARTZ

quartz conglomerates, interbedded with sandstones, containing crinoid stems and obscure brachiopods . They See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest unconformably on the Silurian rocks on the King river and to the west are faulted against the schists by a powerful overthrust See also:

• FAULT (Mid. Eng. faute, through the French, from the popular Latin use of fallere, to fail; the originallof the Latin being replaced in English in the 15th century)

fault, traversing the Mount Lyell See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper field . A northern See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of these conglomerates forms the See also:

• DIAL

Dial Range near Burnie . The Devonian See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, as in Victoria, was marked by a series of granitic intrusions, which altered the older beds on the contact, while the quartz-See also:

• PORPHYRY (IlopcPisptos) (A.D. 233-c. 304)

porphyry dikes, which are intrusive in the Silurian rocks at the Mount Bischoff tin mine, doubtless belong to this period . The Carboniferous system begins with a series of marine limestones, shales and grits, including a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich Lower Carboniferous fauna . The Carboniferous rocks occupy the whole of the south-eastern corner of Tasmania; and one outlier occurs on the northern coast in the See also:

• MERSEY

Mersey Valley . This formation See also:

• HELPS, SIR ARTHUR (1813-1875)

helps to build up the central plateau, and a See also:

• BAND

band outcrops around its edge . The Upper Carboniferous includes beds of shale and See also:

• COAL

coal; but though the coal is See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good, the seams are thin and have not been much worked . The Coal See also:

• MEASURES

Measures are covered by marine shales with numerous bryozoa; and, on the See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon of the Greta Coal Measures of New South See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, is a See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed of Carboniferous glacial deposits . The Mesozoic system is not well developed . It is usually regarded as beginning with a fresh-See also:

• WATER

water series containing the remains of See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish and labyrinthodonts; but as it also contains Vertebraria it is probably Palaeozoic; and this series is covered by sandstones and shales which are probably of Triassic See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age .

The most conspicuous member of the Mesozoic group is the sheet of See also:

• DIABASE

diabase and See also:

• DOLERITE (from Gr. SoXepos, deceptive)

dolerite, made up of laccolites and sills, which covers most of the central plateau of Tasmania . These rocks form the prominent scarps, known as the Tiers, on the edge of the plateau, and its outliers, such at Mount See also:

• WELLINGTON
• WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WELLESLEY, 1ST DUKE OF (1769-1852)

Wellington near Hobart, and the See also:

• ELDON, JOHN SCOTT

Eldon Range . This sheet of diabase has been regarded as Carboniferous; but, according to W . H . Twelvetrees, it is probably Cretaceous . The See also:

• CAINOZOIC (from the Gr. icalvbs, recent, life)

Cainozoic system includes at Table Cape an outcrop of marine beds probably of Oligocene age . Lower Cainozoic lacustrine beds with fossil See also:

• PLANTS

plants. of the same age as those which underlie the older basalts of Victoria, occur in the valleys of northern Tasmania . The Cainozoic series includes many igneous rocks . The tinguaites and sfilvsbergites of Port Cygnet, south of Hobart, may be of this age; they are intrusive in Carboniferous rocks, and there is no See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence of their precise date; but their resemblance to the rocks associated with the geburite-See also:

• DACITE (from Dacia, mod. Transylvania)

dacite of Victoria suggests that they may belong to the beginning of the Cainozoic volcanic period of south-eastern Australia . North-western Tasmania in See also:

• PLEISTOCENE

Pleistocene times had an of See also:

• ROSS
• ROSS, ALEXANDER (1699-1784)
• ROSS, GEORGE WILLIAM (1841- )
• ROSS, JOHN, or KOOESKOOWE (179o-1866)
• ROSS, ROBERT (1766-1814)
• ROSS, SIR HEW DALRYMPLE (1779-1868)
• ROSS, SIR JAMES CLARK (1800-1862)
• ROSS, SIR JOHN (1777-1856)

Ross-See also:

• SHIRE

shire and See also:

• INVERNESS

Inverness-shire in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, from the picturesque See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of the See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue, See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white, and pinkish crystalline peaks and the fantastic outlines of the See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain ranges which rise abruptly to a height of from 2000 to nearly 3000 feet above the See also:

• BUTTON (Fr. bouton, O. Fr. boton, apparently from the same root as bouter, to push)

Button Grass Plains . (T . A .

C.) See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

Geology.—Tasmania is, geologically, an outlier of the Australian continent . It is most intimately connected with Victoria, from which it was only separated by the foundering of Bass's Strait in See also:

• LATE

late See also:

• PLIOCENE (from the Gr. sr?eiov, mere, and xatvbs, recent)

Pliocene or See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early Pleistocene times . The precise date of the separation is fixed as later than the See also:

• MIOCENE

Miocene, since the fringe of the marine Miocene deposits along the southern coast of Victoria is broken, from Flinders to Alberton; and this See also:

• GAP

gap was no doubt due Strait are the Tamar, See also:

• INGLIS, SIR JOHN EARDLEY WILMOT (1814-1862)
• INGLIS, SIR WILLIAM (1764-1835)

Inglis, See also:

• CAM (CAO), DIOGO (fl. 1480-1486)

Cam, Emu, See also:

• BLYTH

Blyth, Forth, See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don, Mersey, See also:

• PIPER, CARL, COUNT (1647-1716)

Piper and Ringarooma . The Macquarie, receiving the See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth and See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake, falls into the South Esk, which unites with the North Esk to form the Tamar at Launceston . Westward, falling into the ocean, are the Hellyer, See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur and Pieman . The King and Gordon gain Macquarie Harbour; the Davey and See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

Spring, Port Davey . The central and southern districts are drained by the Derwent from Lake St Clair—its tributaries being the Nive, See also:

• DEE
• DEE (Welsh, Dyfrdwy;, Lat.., and in Milton, Deva)

Dee, See also:

• CLYDE (Welsh, Clwyd, " far heard," " strong," the Glotta of Tacitus)
• CLYDE, COLIN CAMPBELL, BARON (1792-1863)

Clyde, See also:

• OUSE

Ouse and See also:

• JORDAN (the down-comer; Arab. esh-Sheri'a, the watering-place)
• JORDAN, CAMILLE (1771—1821)
• JORDAN, DOROTHEA (1762—1816)
• JORDAN, THOMAS (1612 ?–1685)
• JORDAN, WILHELM (1819–1904)

Jordan . The Huon falls into D'Entrecasteaux Channel . The main See also:

• AXIS (Lat. for " axle ")

axis of the See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• CORDILLERA

Cordillera--so termed originally by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• RODERICK

Roderick Murchison—bordering the eastern coast-See also:

• LINE

line of Australia, may be traced across Bass Strait in the See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of islands forming the See also:

• FURNEAUX, TOBIAS (1735-1781)

Furneaux and See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent group, which almost continually See also:

• LINK

link Tasmania with See also:

• WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
• WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
• WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
• WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
• WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
• WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
• WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
• WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
• WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
• WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
• WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
• WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
• WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
• WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
• WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )

Wilson's Promontory, the nearest and most southerly part of the Australian mainland . Tasmania is wholly occupied by the ramifications of this chain, and in itself may be said to embrace one and all of its characteristic features . Taking a stand near Lake Fergus, to the east of Lake St Clair, the observer will find himself nearly in the centre of an extensive plateau, with an See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation, especially on the northern See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, of between three and five thousand feet above the sea-level . This elevated plateau extends from Dry's Bluff in the north to the See also:

• DENISON
• DENISON, GEORGE ANTHONY (1805-1896)
• DENISON, GEORGE TAYLOR (1839- )

Denison Range in the south-west, and although often receding at points adjacent to the See also:

• SOURCES

sources of the principal rivers, invariably presents a bold crested front to the north, west and east .

At its greatest elevation it is comparatively level, and contains many extensive See also:

• FRESHWATER

freshwater basins, such as Lake See also:

• AUGUSTA

Augusta, Lake St Clair, Lake Sorell, Lake See also:

• ECHO (Gr. I'Xw)

Echo, Lake See also:

• CRESCENT (Lat. crescens, growing)

Crescent, Arthur's Lake and the Great Lake . The marginal crests of this mountain tableland, together with its upper See also:

• SURFACE

surface, are known locally as " Tiers," and have a very commanding aspect in the neighbourhood of See also:

• LONGFORD

Longford, See also:

• WESTBURY
• WESTBURY, RICHARD BETHELL, 1ST BARON (1800-1873)

Westbury, Deloraine and Chudlcigh . The extent of the principal elevated plateau is best appreciated when we consider that it maintains its See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude in a See also:

• WESTERLY

westerly direction from Dry's Bluff (4257 feet) on the north to See also:

• CRADLE (of uncertain etymology, possibly connected with " crate " and " creel," i.e. basket; the derivation from a Celtic word, with a sense of rocking, is scouted by the New English Dictionary)

Cradle Mountain (5069 feet) in the north-west, a distance of nearly 5o miles; from Dry's Bluff in a south-westerly direction to Denison Range, a distance of over 6o miles; and from Dry's Bluff to Table Mountain in a southerly direction, a distance of above 43 miles . This plateau itself again rests upon a more extended tableland, stretching westwards, and, with the See also:

• MIDDLESEX
• MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST EARL OF (1575-1645)

Middlesex Plains, the See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire Hills and the Emu Plains, maintaining an altitude of 1200 to 2000 feet . Its limits follow the coast-line more or less closely, the space between it and the sea often broadening out into low-lying tracts not much raised above the sea-level . Here and there, rising abruptly from its surface, are to be seen isolated peaks, the most characteristic of which are See also:

• VALENTINE, or VALENTINUS

Valentine's See also:

• PEAK, THE

Peak (3637 feet) and Mount Pearse . Ridges and plateaus of a similar character, but more or less isolated, such as See also:

• BEN (from Old Eng. bennan, within)

Ben See also:

• LOMOND, LOCH

Lomond (5010 feet) and Mount Wellington (4166 feet), are to be found in the north-east and south-west of the island . Towards the extreme west and south, anticlinal and synclinal ridges trend north and south, the most characteristic being the See also:

• HUXLEY, THOMAS HENRY (1825–1895)

Huxley, Owen, See also:

• SEDGWICK, ADAM (1785-1873)
• SEDGWICK, JOHN (1813–1864)

Sedgwick, See also:

• FRANKLIN
• FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN (1706-1790)
• FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN (1786-1847)
• FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BUEL (1823-1903)

Franklin and Arthur Ranges . See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

Settlement of See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population has taken See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place principally among the plains and lower levels of the north-western, midland and south-eastern parts of the island, following in the main the rocks of See also:

• TERTIARY

Tertiary and Mesozoic age . In the See also:

• RECENT

Recent Tertiary period the soils of these plains and valleys have been greatly enriched by extensive outbursts of See also:

• BASALT

basalt with accompanying tuffs . These basalts produce a very rich See also:

• CHOCOLATE

chocolate See also:

• SOIL

soil, and were it not for their See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence, the greater part of what is now the most fertile part of the island would have been comparatively poor or altogether sterile . The See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of the island throughout is wonderfully beautiful, with its open plains, bordered by far-extending precipitous mountain tiers, its isolated shaggy peaks and wooded ranges, and its many See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble rivers and lakes .

Its coasts for the most part, especially towards the south, See also:

• ATE

ate bold, and frequently indented with splendid bays and harbours, affording ample shelter and safe anchorage for See also:

• SHIPS

ships . On the western side onto is reminded of scenes in the See also:

• HIGHLANDS, THE

highlands extensive series of glaciers, of which the lower moraines were de-posited only about 400 feet above sea level . The See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information as to the geology of Tasmania up to 1888 is collected in R . M . See also:

• JOHNSTON, ALBERT SIDNEY (1803–1862)
• JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER (1849-1888)
• JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER KEITH (1804-1871)
• JOHNSTON, ARTHUR (1587-1641)
• JOHNSTON, J
• JOHNSTON, JOSEPH EGGLESTON (1807-1891)
• JOHNSTON, SIR HENRY HAMILTON (1858- )

Johnston's Systematic See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

Account of the Geology of Tasmania, which gives a bibliography up to that date . A later See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch of the island is by W . H . Twelvetrees, " Outlines of the Geology of Tasmania," Proc . R . See also:

• SOC

Soc . Tasmania, 1900-1901, pp . 58-74 .

The mining literature is given in the reports of the Mines See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

Department, and See also:

• SPECIAL

special reports issued in the See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

Parliamentary Papers; and the economic and general geology are described in reports issued periodically by the Geological Survey, under W . H . Twelvetrees, and in papers published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania . The Mount Lyell mining field is described, with some account of the neighbouring districts of Western Tasmania, in J . W . See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory, The Mount Lyell Mining Field (See also:

• MELBOURNE
• MELBOURNE, WILLIAM LAMB, 2ND VISCOUNT (1779-1848)

Melbourne, 1904) . The glacial geology, with a See also:

• SUMMARY

summary of the literature thereon, is described by the same writer in the Quarterly See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of the Geological Society, 1904, vol . Ix., pp . 7-8, 37-53• (J . W . G.) See also:

• CLIMATE

Climate.—Tasmania possesses a very temperate and healthy climate . The mean temperature of the See also:

• YEAR

year, as estimated from observations extending back to 1841, is about 50.10° .

The mean at Hobart was 54'4°, at Launceston 56.6° and at Oatlands, which is in the centre of the island and 1400 ft. above sea-level, 51.76° . See also:

• SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

Snow is rarely seen except in the mountains . The See also:

• AVERAGE

average temperature at Hobart of See also:

• JANUARY

January, the hottest See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month, is 63°, and of See also:

• JULY

July, which is See also:

• MID

mid-See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter, 45° . The western prevailing winds—particularly the north-western--carry the See also:

• RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain-bearing clouds . The elevation-See also:

• DIVIDE

divide between the western and eastern parts of the island rises generally to a height of between 3000 and 5000 ft., and consequently the parts to the east of such heights receive much less precipitation than those to the westward . The general average for the eastern See also:

• DISTRICT

district over a period of years was 22.07 inches; for the western, 37.55 inches; and for Tasmania 26.69 inches . See also:

• FLORA

Flora.—The vegetation which prevails among the older schistose rocks of the west and extreme south presents a totally different appearance to that which occurs in the more settled districts of the east . The western vegetation, as compared with that of the east, presents as marked a contrast as do the prevailing rocks upon which it flourishes . The characteristic trees and shrubs of the west include the following genera, viz.: Fagus, Cenarrhenes, Anodopetalum, Eucryphia, Bauera, Boronia, Agastachys, Richea, Telopea, Grevillea, Orites, Athrotaxis, Dacrydium, Phyllocladus . On the eastern side the plains and rocky ridges, where not artificially cleared, are occupied by shaggy and often sombre forests mainly composed of the following genera: See also:

• EUCALYPTUS

Eucalyptus (See also:

• GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in

gum See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree), See also:

• CASUARINA

Casuarina, Bursaria, See also:

• ACACIA

Acacia, Leptospermum, Drimys, Melaleuca, Dodonaea, Notolea, Exocar pus, Hakea, Epacris, Xanthorrhoea, Frenela . The mountain slopes and ravines of the east have a well-marked vegetation . In character it is more akin to, and in many cases identical with, that of the west .

The tree See also:

• FERN (from O. Eng. fearn, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch varen, and Ger. Farn; the Indo-European root, seen in the Sanskrit parna, a feather, shows the primary meaning; cf. Gr. rmep6 , feather, rTepis, fern)

fern (Dicksonia antarctica) in the mountain ravines is especially remarkable . The following genera are also found in such positions in great luxuriance, viz.: Fagus, Anopterus, Phebalium, Eucalyptus, Richea, Cyathodes, Pomaderris, Prostanthere, Boronia, Gaultheria, See also:

• CORREA

Correa, Bedfordia, See also:

• ASTER (Gr. /MrTI P, a star)

Aster, Archeria, Atherosperma, &c . In the extreme west the trees and larger shrubs do not appear to ascend the schistose rocky mountain slopes of the central and eastern parts . Fauna.—See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

Animal See also:

• LIFE

life in Tasmania is similar to that in Australia . The dingo or See also:

• DOG

dog of the latter is wanting; and the Tasmanian See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

devil and See also:

• TIGER
• TIGER (Felis tigris)

tiger, or See also:

• WOLF
• WOLF (Canis lupus)
• WOLF, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1759-1824)
• WOLF, HUGO (1860-1903)
• WOLF, JOSEPH (1820-1899)

wolf, are See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar to the island . The Marsupials include the Macro pus or See also:

• KANGAROO

kangaroo; the opossums, Phalangista vulpina and P . Cookii; the See also:

• OPOSSUM
• OPOSSUM, AUSTRALIAN
• OPOSSUM, RINGTAILED
• OPOSSUM, TASMANIAN (grey and black)

opossum-See also:

• MOUSE

mouse, Dromicia nana; Perameles or See also:

• BANDICOOT

bandicoot; Hypsiprymnus or kangaroo See also:

• RAT (a word common to Teut. and Rom. languages; probably first adopted in Teut.; the ultimate origin is not known; Skeat suggests the root rad-, to scratch; cf. Ger. Ratte, Dan. rotte, Fr. rat, &c.)

rat; Phascolomys or See also:

• WOMBAT
• WOMBAT, KOALA

wombat; while of See also:

• MONOTREMATA (a name referring to the single outlet for all the excretory channels of the body)

Monotremata there are the See also:

• ECHIDNA, or PORCUPINE

Echidna or See also:

• PORCUPINE (Fr., pore-epic, " spiny pig ")

porcupine See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

ant-eater and the See also:

• DUCK

duck-billed See also:

• PLATYPUS

platypus . The marsupial tiger or Tasmanian wolf (Thylacinus cynocephalus), 5 ft. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, is yellowish See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown, with several stripes across the back, having See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short stiff See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair and very short legs . Very few of these nocturnal carnivores are now alive to trouble flocks . The tiger-See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

cat of the colonists, with See also:

• WEASEL (Putorius nivalis)

weasel legs, white spots and nocturnal habits, is a large species of the untameable native See also:

• CATS, JACOB (1577-1660)

cats . The devil (Dasyurus or Sarcophilus See also:

• URSINUS, ZACHARIAS (1534-1583)

ursinus) is black, with white bands on See also:

• NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck and haunches . The covering of this See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

savage but cowardly little See also:

• NIGHT

night-prowler is a sort of short hair, not See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur .

The tail is thick, and the See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull-dog mouth is formidable . Among the birds of the island are the See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

eagle, See also:

• HAWK (O. Eng. hafoc or heafoc, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch havik, Ger. Habicht; the root is hab-, haf-, to hold, cf. Lat. accipiter, from capere)

hawk, See also:

• PETREL

petrel, See also:

• OWL (O. Eng. Ule, Swed. Uggla, Ger. Eule—all allied to Lat. Ulula, and evidently of imitative origin)

owl, See also:

• FINCH
• FINCH (Ger. Fink, Lat. Fringilla)

finch, peewit, See also:

• DIAMOND

diamond bird, See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire-tail, See also:

• ROBIN

robin, emu-See also:

• WREN (O. Eng. wrcknna, Mid. Eng. wrenne; Icel. rindill)
• WREN, SIR CHRISTOPHER (1632-1723)

wren, See also:

• CROW (Dutch, kraal, Ger. Krdhe, Fr. corbeau, Lat. corvus)

crow, See also:

• SWALLOW (A. S. swalewe, Icel. svala, Du. zwaluw, Ger. Schwalbe)

swallow, See also:

• MAGPIE

magpie, blackcap, See also:

• GOATSUCKER

goatsucker, See also:

• QUAIL (0. Fr. Quaille, Mod. Fr. Caille, Ital. Quaglia, Low Lat. Quaquila, Du. Kwakkel and Kwartel, Ger. Wachtel, Dan. Vagtel)

quail, ground dove, See also:

• PARROT (according to Skeat, from Fr. Perrot or Pies-rot, the diminutive of the proper name Pierrel)

parrot, See also:

• LARK (0. Eng. ldwerce, Ger. Lerche, Dan. Laerke, Dutch Leeuwerik)

lark, mountain See also:

• THRUSH (A. S. Prysce, Icel. priistr, Norw. Trast, O. H. Ger. Drosce, whence the mod. Ger. prossel, to be compared with the analogous English form Throstle,l now almost obsolete, both being apparently diminutives)

thrush, See also:

• CUCKOO

cuckoo, wattlebird, whistling duck, See also:

• HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey-bird, Cape Barren See also:

• GOOSE (a common Teut. word, O. Eng. gOs, pl. ges, Ger. Gans, O. Norse gas, from Aryan root, ghans, whence Sans. hansa, Lat. anser (for hanser)
• GOOSE (GAME OF)

goose, See also:

• PENGUIN

penguin duck, waterhen, See also:

• SNIPE (0. Eng. Spite, Icel. Snipe, Dutch Snip, Ger. Schnepfe)

snipe, See also:

• ALBATROSS (from the Port. Alcatraz, a pelican)

albatross and laughing jackass . See also:

• SNAKES

Snakes are See also:

• PRETTY

pretty plentiful in scrubs; the lizards are harmless . See also:

• INSECTS

Insects, though similar to Australian ones, are far less troublesome; many are to be admired for their great beauty . Population.—At the beginning of 1905, the state contained i8i,See also:

• IOO

ioo See also:

• PEOPLE

people, giving a See also:

• DENSITY (Lat. densus, thick)

density of 6.9 persons per square mile . The population in 187o was roo,765 . The See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of Mount Bischoff one year later, though it greatly stimulated See also:

• SPECULATION

speculation and induced a large influx of immigrants, did not put a stop tothe outflow, for in 188o the population was still below 115,000 . During the next two decades there was a substantial advance; in 1890 it had reached 145,200, and in 1900, 172,980 . Like all the Australian states, Tasmania shows a decline in the See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth-See also:

• RATE

rate; in 1905 the births were 5256—36 less than in 1904—which gives a rate of 29.32 per See also:

• I000</