Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

ABEL JANSZOON TASMAN (c. 1603-1659)

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 438 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

ABEL JANSZOON See also:TASMAN (c. 1603-1659)  , the greatest of Dutch navigators, the discoverer of See also:Tasmania, New See also:Zealand, the See also:Tonga and the See also:Fiji Islands, and the first circumnavigator of See also:Australia, was See also:born at Lutjegast in See also:Groningen, about 1603 . In 1634 we first meet with him in the See also:East Indies, sailing from See also:Batavia (Feb . 18) to See also:Amboyna . On the 3oth of See also:December 1636 he sailed from Batavia for See also:home; reached See also:Holland See also:August 1, 1637; started on his return to the East See also:April 15, 1638; and reappeared at Batavia See also:October I1, 1638 . On the and of See also:June 1639 See also:Tasman, along with See also:Matthew (Matthijs Hendricxsen) Quast, was despatched by Antony See also:Van See also:Diemen, See also:governor-See also:general of the Dutch East Indies (1636-45), on a voyage to the See also:north-western Pacific, in quest of certain " islands of See also:gold and See also:silver," supposed to See also:lie in the ocean east of See also:Japan . On this voyage Tasman and Quast visited the Philippines and improved Dutch knowledge of the east See also:coast of Luzon; they also discovered and mapped various islands to the north, apparently the Bonin See also:archipelago . Sailing on to N. and E. in See also:search ofthe isles of See also:precious metals, they ranged about fruitlessly in the See also:northern Pacific, at one See also:time believing themselves to be 600 Dutch See also:miles east of Japan . After this the voyage was continued almost constantly westward, but in varying latitudes, reaching as high as 42° N., always without success . On the 15th of October the navigators decided to return, and, after touching at Japan, anchored at the Dutch fortress-station of Zeelandia in See also:Formosa on the 24th of See also:November 1639 . After this Tasman was engaged in operations in the See also:Indian seas (sailing to Formosa, Japan, See also:Cambodia, Palembang, &c., as a See also:merchant See also:captain in the service of the Dutch East See also:India See also:Company) until 1642, when he set out on his first See also:great " See also:South See also:Land " expedition . This was planned and organized by Governor Van Diemen, who cherished great schemes for the See also:extension of the Dutch colonial See also:empire . Several Dutch navigators had already discovered various portions of the north and See also:west coasts of Australia (as in 1605-o6, 1616, 1618-19, 1622, 1627-28, &c.), but Tasman now first showed that this great South Land did not stretch away to the See also:southern See also:pole, but was entirely encircled by See also:sea within comparatively moderate limits .

Sailing from Batavia, on the 14th of August 1642 with two vessels, the " See also:

Heemskerk " and " Zeehaen," and calling at See also:Mauritius (See also:September 5 to October 8), Tasman sailed first S., then E., almost seven See also:weeks, and on the 24th of November sighted (in 42° 25' S., as he made it) the land which he named Anthoonij van Diemen's landt after Van Diemen, now called Tasmania . He doubled the land, which he evidently did not perceive was an See also:island, See also:coasting its southern shores, and, See also:running up See also:Storm See also:Bay, anchored on the 1st of December in See also:Frederick See also:Henry's Bay, on the east coast of Tasmania (in 43° 10' S., according to his reckoning)—so named after See also:Prince Frederick Henry of See also:Nassau, then the See also:head of the Dutch See also:republic . There he set up a See also:post on which he hoisted the Dutch See also:flag . Quitting Van Diemen's Land on the 5th of December, Tasman steered' E. for the See also:Solomon Islands, and on the 13th of December discovered (in 42° 10' S., as he reckoned) a " high mountainous See also:country," which he called Staten landt (" Land of the States," i.e., of Holland, now New Zealand) . Tasman and his company believed the newly discovered land to See also:form See also:part of the same great See also:antarctic See also:continent as the other Staten landt which Schouten and Lemaire had sighted and named to the east of Tierra del Fuego . Cruising up N.E. along the west coast of the South Island, he anchored on the 18th of December in 40° 50' S., at the entrance of a " wide opening," which he took to be a " See also:fine bay " (See also:Cook's Strait) . He gave the name of Moordenaars (Murderers, now softened to See also:Massacre) Bay to this spot, where several of his men were killed by the natives (December 19) . From Murderers' Bay Tasman sailed S.E. along the south See also:shore of Cook's Strait, apparently getting into See also:Blind or Tasman Bay, but not discovering the full extent of the strait here dividing New Zealand into two See also:main islands . Returning westward he then coasted the west See also:side of the North Island, till, on the 4th of See also:January 1643, he came to the northern extremity of New Zealand, in 34° 35' S . (in his reckoning) . Thence he See also:bore away to N.N.E., at first intending to keep that course for 30° of See also:longitude from North Cape, New Zealand . On the 19th to 25th of January, in 22° 35', 21° 20', and 20° 15' S .

(Tasman's reckonings), he discovered various islands of the Tonga or Friendly See also:

group, especially See also:Amsterdam (Tongatabu), See also:Middelburg (Eva), and See also:Rotterdam . Here the See also:ships took in See also:water and provisions, which they had not done since leaving Mauritius, and the crews went on shore for the first time since leaving Van Diemen's Land . Rotterdam Island they explored with some care . Thence Tasman steered N. and W., reaching on the 6th of See also:February the eastern part of the Fiji archipelago (in 17° 29' S., by his reckoning), which he called Prince See also:William's Islands and Heemskerk's Shoals; on the 22nd of See also:March he sighted the islands of Ontong See also:Java (in 5° 2' S., according to Tasman, and in 159° 30' E., See also:Greenwich) . On the 1st of April he was near the north-eastern extremity of New See also:Ireland (Neu See also:Mecklenburg), mistaken by him for a part of New See also:Guinea, in 40° 30' S., off a point known to the Spaniards as Cabo S . Maria . Thence he passed westward along the north of New Ireland, New See also:Hanover, New See also:Britain (Neu Pommern) and New Guinea . He reached the western extremity of New Guinea on the 18th of May; Schouten's Islands were noted to the south of the vessels' course on the 12th of May . Tasman's track, lying between New Guinea and See also:Halmahera (Gilolo), then brought him south to See also:Ceram; he passed through the narrow strait between See also:Celebes and Buton on the 27th of May, and arrived at Batavia on the 15th of June 1643 after a ten months' voyage . The materials for an See also:account of Tasman's important second voyage in 1644 are scanty, but we know he was instructed to obtain a thorough knowledge of Staten Land and Van Diemen's Land, and to find out " whether New Guinea is a continent with the great Zuidland, or separated by channels and islands," and also " whether the new Van Diemen's Land is the same continent with these two great countries or with one of them." In this voyage Tasman had three ships under his command, the "Li1nmen," " Zeemeeuw " (or " Meeuw "), and " Brak " (or " Bracq ") . His course See also:lay along the south-west coast of New Guinea; he mistook the western opening of Torres Straits for a bay, but explored (and perhaps named) the Gulf of See also:Carpentaria: for the first time the coast-See also:line of this great bay was mapped with See also:fair accuracy . Though preceded by Jansz (1606) and Carstensz (1623) on the east shore of the gulf as See also:fat as 17° S., Tasman first made known the south, and most of the west, coast .

Phoenix-squares

Beyond this he explored the north and west coasts of Australia as far as 22° S., and established the See also:

absolute continuity. of all this shore-line of the " Great Known South Continent "; his See also:chart gives soundings for the whole of this coast . Tasman's achievements were coldly received by the Dutch colonial authorities; but on the 4th of October 1644 they rewarded him with the See also:rank of See also:commander (he had frequently enjoyed the use of the See also:title already) . On the and of November 1644 he was also made a member of the See also:Council of See also:Justice of Batavia . Ile was a member of the See also:committee appointed on the 18th of April 1645 to declare a truce between the Dutch East India Company and the See also:viceroy of Portuguese India . In 1647 he commanded a trading See also:fleet to See also:Siam, and in 1648 a See also:war-fleet sent against the Spaniards of the Philippines (May 15, 1648, to January 1649) . By 1653 he had quitted the company's service, but still lived, apparently as one of its wealthiest citizens, in and near Batavia . His will, made the loth of April 1657, seems to have but slightly preceded his See also:death, which probably happened before October 22, 1659, and certainly before February 5, 1661 . See See also:Siebold's See also:paper in Le Moniteur See also:des Indes-Orientales et Occidentales, 1848-49, pt. i. p . 390; the paper on Tasman by C . M . See also:Dozy in Bijdragen tot de See also:Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie, 5th See also:series, vol. ii. p . 308; R .

H . See also:

Major, See also:Early Voyages to ... Australia (See also:London, See also:Hakluyt Society, 1859), especially pp. xciii.-ciii., 43-58 (here are printed the instructions for Tasman and his colleagues on the voyage of 1644) ; G . Collingridge, See also:Discovery of Australia (See also:Sydney, 1895), especially pp . 238-40, 279-80; and, above all, J . E . Heeres and others, Tasman's See also:Journal ... facsimiles of the See also:original MS with ....See also:life ....of ... . Tasman, &c . (Amsterdam, 1898)—here the Life of Tasman, with its appendices, is separately paged (163 pp.) . See also Aandeel der Nederlanders in de Ontdekking van Australia, 1606-1765 (in Dutch and See also:English, See also:Leiden and London, 1899), especially pp. vi., viii., xii.-xv., 72; the valuable See also:summary of the voyage of 1642-43 in the See also:anonymous Account of several See also:late Voyages and Discoveries (beginning with See also:Sir See also:John See also:Narborough's), London, 1711, with sub-title, Relation of a Voyage ... of Captain See also:Abel See also:Jansen Tasman (originally extracted from his See also:journals by See also:Dirk Rembrantse in Dutch, published in English in Dr See also:Hook's collections) ; also The Discovery of Van Diemen's Land in 1642, by See also:James Baekhouse See also:Walker (See also:Hobart, 1891) . A draft journal of the voyage of 1642-43, probably made by a- sailor on the expedition, is in the See also:state archives at The See also:Hague .

There are also several copies made from Tasman's See also:

official journal; the best of these (the original fair copy) is reproduced in Heeres' Tasman's Journal, 1898, noticed above . An original chart of Tasman's, made after the voyage of 1644, has been discovered and is in the See also:possession of Prince See also:Roland See also:Bonaparte . Before this discovery reliance was placed on an excellent copy, probably made about 1687, by Captain See also:Thomas Bowrey (See also:art . 12 in the miscell . MS. collection marked 5222 in the See also:British Museum London) . This gives the tracks of both the voyages1642-43 and 1644, and the soundings of the latter . Burgomaster Witsen, of Noord en Oost Tartarye fame (1705), preserved a brief See also:record of certain observations made in Tasman's voyage of 1644, between 13° 8' and 19° 35' S . (and approximately between 129° 30' and 120° E., Greenwich) . This was translated by A . Dalrymple in his Papua (reprinted in R . H . Major, Early Voyages to ...

Australia, xcviii.-xcix.) . See also:

Basil See also:Thomson, Diversions of a See also:Prime See also:Minister (See also:Edinburgh, 1894), p . 311, &c., records that the remembrance of Tasman's visit to the Tonga Islands still remains " fresh to the smallest details " among the natives . (C . R .

End of Article: ABEL JANSZOON TASMAN (c. 1603-1659)
[back]
TASHKURGHAN
[next]
TASMANIA

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click and select "copy." Paste it into a website, email, or other HTML document.