TAUROBOLIUM  , the See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice of a See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull, usually in connexion with the See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship of the See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• MOTHER

Mother of the Gods, though not limited to it . Of See also:

• ORIENTAL

oriental origin, its first known performance in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy occurred in A.D . 134, at See also:

• PUTEOLI (mod. Pozzuoli, q.v.)

Puteoli, in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of See also:

• VENUS

Venus Caelestis . See also:

• PRUDENTIUS, AURELIUS CLEMENS (348-c. 410)

Prudentius describes it in Peristephanon (x., 1o66 ff.) : the See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest of the Mother, clad in a toga worn cinctu Gabino, with See also:

• GOLDEN

golden See also:

• CROWN

crown and fillets on his See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, takes his See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in a See also:

• TRENCH, RICHARD CHENEVIX (1807-1886)

trench covered by a See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform of planks pierced with See also:

• FINE

fine holes, on which a bull, magnificent with See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers and See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold, is slain . The See also:

• BLOOD

blood rains through the platform on to the priest below, who receives it on his See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face, and even on his 'See also:

• TONGUE (O. Eng. lunge)

tongue and See also:

• PALATE (Lat. palatum, possibly from the root of pascere, to feed)

palate, and after the See also:

• BAPTISM

baptism presents himself before his See also:

• FELLOW

fellow-worshippers purified and regenerated, and receives their See also:

• SALUTATIONS, or GREETINGS

salutations and reverence . The taurobolium in the 2nd and 3rd centuries was usually performed as a measure for the welfare of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

Emperor, See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire, or community, its date frequently being the 24th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March, the See also:

• DIES, CHRISTOPH ALBERT (1755-1822)

Dies Sanguinis of the See also:

• ANNUAL

annual festival of the Great Mother and See also:

• ATTIS

Attis . In the See also:

• LATE

late 3rd and the 4th centuries its usual See also:

• MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move)

motive was the See also:

• PURIFICATION

purification or regeneration of an individual, who was spoken of as renatus in aeternum, reborn for eternity, in consequence of the ceremony (Corp . Insc . See also:

• LAT

Lat. vi . 510-512) . When its efficacy was not eternal, its effect was considered to endure for twenty years . It was also performed as the fulfilment of a See also:

• VOW (Lat. votum, vow, promise: cf. VOTE)

vow, or by command of the goddess herself, and the See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege was limited to no See also:

• SEX (Lat. sexes; possibly connected with secure, to cut)

sex nor class .

The place of its performance at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome was near the site of St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter's, in the excavations of which several altars and See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions commemorative of taurobolia were discovered . The taurobolium was probably a sacred See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama symbolizing the relations of the Mother and Attis (q.v.) . The descent of the priest into the sacrificial See also:

• FOSS, EDWARD (1787-1870)

foss symbolized the See also:

• DEATH

death of Attis, the withering of the vegetation of Mother See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

Earth; his See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

bath of blood and emergence the restoration of Attis, the rebirth of vegetation . The ceremony may be the spiritualized descent of the See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive oriental practice of drinking or being baptized in the blood of an See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal, based upon a belief that the strength of See also:

• BRUTE, SIMON WILLIAM GABRIEL (1779–1839)

brute creation could be acquired by See also:

• CONSUMPTION (Lat. consumere)

consumption of its sub-stance or contact with its blood . In spite of the phrase renatus in aeternum, there is no See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to suppose that the ceremony was in any way borrowed from See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity . See Esperandieu, Inscriptions de See also:

• LECTOURE

Lectoure (1892), pp . 94 ff.; Zippel, Festschrift zum Doctorjubilaeum, See also:

• LUDWIG, KARL FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1816—1895)
• LUDWIG, OTTO (1813-1865)

Ludwig Friedlander, 1895, p . 489 f.; Showerman, The Great Mother of the Gods, Bulletin of the University of See also:

• WISCONSIN (known as " the Badger' state ")
• WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF

Wisconsin, No . 43, pp . 280-84 (See also:

• MADISON
• MADISON, JAMES (1751–1836)

Madison, 1901); Hepding, Attis, See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine Mythen and Sean Kull (See also:

• GIESSEN

Giessen, 1903), pp . 168 if., 201; Cumont, Le Taurobole et le Culte de Bellone, Revue d'histoire et de litterature religieuses, vi., No . 2, 1901 .

(G .