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TECUMSEH, TECUMTHE, or TECUMTHA1 (c. ...

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 499 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TECUMSEH, TECUMTHE, or TECUMTHA1 (c. 1768—1813)  , See also:American See also:Shawnee See also:chief, was probably See also:born in the old Shawnee See also:village of See also:Piqua, near the site of See also:Springfield, See also:Ohio, between 1768 and 1780 . While still a youth he took See also:part in attacks on settlers passing down the Ohio and in widely extended See also:hunting expeditions or predatory forays to the See also:west and See also:south; and he served in the See also:Indian See also:wars preceding the Treaty of See also:Greenville in 1795 . About 1800 his eloquence and his self-See also:control made him a See also:leader in conferences between the See also:Indians and whites . After 18os the Indians of the See also:North-West became aroused by a See also:series of See also:treaties calling for new cessions of their territory and by the prospect of See also:war between See also:Great See also:Britain and the See also:United States . This presented to See also:Tecumseh and to his See also:brother Tenskwatawa (i.e. the Open See also:Door), popularly called " the See also:Prophet," the opportunity to put into operation a See also:scheme which followed the ambitious See also:dream of See also:Pontiac . With some scattered Shawnee clans as a See also:nucleus, the See also:brothers proceeded to organize, first near Greenville, Ohio, and later on the See also:White and Tippecanoe See also:rivers in See also:Indiana, " the Prophet's See also:town," which was based on a sort of See also:communism and was apparently devoted to See also:peace, See also:industry and sobriety, but their actual See also:plan was to combine all of the Indians from See also:Canada to See also:Florida in a great democratic confederacy to resist the encroachment of the whites . Tribal organizations were to be disregarded, but all warriors were to be represented at periodical assemblages where matters of See also:interest to all Indians were to be definitely decided . The twofold See also:influence that was to dominate this See also:league was the eloquence and See also:political ingenuity of Tecumseh and the superstitious reverence aroused by " the Prophet." This See also:programme alarmed the whites along the north-western border . In the course of the next three years See also:Governor See also:William See also:Henry See also:Harrison of Indiana held interviews with each of the brothers, and during one of these, at See also:Vincennes in 1810, the respective leaders narrowly avoided a hostile encounter . Nevertheless " the Prophet " and Tecumseh re-iterated their determination to remain at peace with the United States if the Indians were unmolested in their territory, and if all cessions beyond the Ohio were given up by the whites . The treaty of Fort See also:Wayne in 1809, which called for the cession to the whites of some three million acres of See also:land in central Indiana, was a See also:direct See also:challenge to this programme, and when, during Tecumseh's See also:absence in the South, Harrison made a hostile move against "the Prophet's" town, the latter ventured to meet him, but was defeated on the 17th of See also:November 1811 in the famous See also:battle of Tippecanoe, which See also:broke the See also:personal influence of " the Prophet " and largely destroyed the confederacy built up by Tecumseh . Tecumseh still professed to be friendly toward the United States, probably because his See also:British advisers were not ready to open hostilities, but a series of border outrages indicated that the fatal moment could not See also:long be postponed .

- When, in See also:

June 1812, war broke out Tecumseh joined the British, was commissioned a brigadier-See also:general in the British See also:army, and participated in the skirmishes which preceded General William See also:Hull's surrender at See also:Detroit . He took an active part in the sieges of Fort Meigs, where he displayed his usual clemency toward his prisoners . After the 1 The name is said to mean " See also:meteor," or " flying See also:panther." battle of Put-in-See also:Bay, when See also:Colonel Henry See also:Proctor began to See also:retreat from See also:Malden, Tecumseh bitterly reproached him for his cowardice and finally forced him to join battle with Harrison on the See also:Thames See also:river on the 5th of See also:October 1813 . In this battle Tecumseh was killed, as traditionally reported, by Colonel See also:Richard M . See also:Johnson- of See also:Kentucky, although this has never been fully substantiated . Like Pontiac, whom he doubtless imitated consciously, he had a wonderful eloquence and a See also:power of organization rare among the Indians . His brother, " the Prophet," remained with a small See also:band of Shawnees and died west of the See also:Mississippi in 1834 . See See also:Benjamin See also:Drake, The See also:Life of Tecumseh and of his Brother the Prophet (See also:Cincinnati, 1841); and See also:Homer J See also:Webster, Harrison's See also:Administration of Indiana Territory (See also:Indianapolis, 1907) .

End of Article: TECUMSEH, TECUMTHE, or TECUMTHA1 (c. 1768—1813)
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