ESAIAS See also:

• ESAIAS TEGNER (1782-1846)

TEGNER (1782-1846)  , See also:

• SWEDISH

Swedish writer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 13th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1782, at Kyrkerud in Wermland . His See also:

• FATHER

father was a pastor, and his grandparents on both sides were peasants . His father, whose name had been Esaias Lucasson, took the surname of Tegnerus—altered by his fifth son, the poet, to See also:

• TEGNER, ESAIAS (1782-1846)

Tegner—from the See also:

• HAMLET

hamlet of Tegnaby in SmEand, where he was born . " In 1792 Tegnerus died . In 1799 Esaias Tegner, hitherto educated in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, entered the university of See also:

• LUND
• LUND, TROELS FREDERIK (1840- )

Lund, where he graduated in See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy in 1802, and continued as See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor until 18ro, when he was elected See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek lecturer . In 18o6 he married See also:

• ANNA
• ANNA (Hindustani ana)
• ANNA, BALDASARRE

Anna Maria Gustava Myhrman, to whom he had been attached since his earliest youth . In 1812 he was named See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor, and continued to See also:

• WORK

work as a lectw"er in Lund until 1824, when he was made See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• VEXIO

Vexio . At Vexio he TEGNER 505 remained until his See also:

• DEATH

death, twenty-two years later . Tegner's See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early poems have little merit . He was comparatively slow in development . His first See also:

• GREAT

great success was a dithyrambic See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war-See also:

• SONG

song for the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of ,8o8, which stirred every Swedish See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart . In 1811 his patriotic poem Svea won the great See also:

• PRIZE, or PRIZE OF WAR (Fr. prise, from prendre, to take)

prize of the Swedish See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy, and made him famous .

In the same See also:

• YEAR

year was founded in See also:

• STOCKHOLM

Stockholm the See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• LEAGUE

League (GOtiska forbundet), a sort of See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club of See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young and patriotic men of letters, of whom Tegner quickly became the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief . The club published a See also:

• MAGAZINE

magazine, entitled Iduna, in which it printed a great See also:

• DEAL

deal of excellent See also:

• POETRY

poetry, and ventilated its views, particularly as regards the study of old Icelandic literature and See also:

• HISTORY

history . Tegner, See also:

• GEIJER, ERIK GUSTAF (1783–1847)

Geijer, See also:

• AFZELIUS, ADAM (1750-1837)
• AFZELIUS, ARVID AUGUST (1785-1871)

Afzelius, and See also:

• NICANDER (2nd cent. B.C.)

Nicander became the most famous members of the Gothic League . Of the very numerous poems written by Tegner in the little See also:

• ROOM

room at Lund which is now shown to visitors as the Tegner museum, the See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority are See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short, and even occasional lyrics . His celebrated Song to the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

Sun See also:

• DATES

dates from 1817 . He completed three poems of a more ambitious See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, on which his fame chiefly rests . Of these, two, the See also:

• ROMANCE

romance of Axel (1822) and the delicately-chiselled See also:

• IDYL, or IDYLL (Gr. ei5i XXeov, a descriptive piece, from ethos, a shape or style; Lat. idyllium)

idyl of Nattvardsbarnen (" The First Communion," 182o), translated by See also:

• LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH (1807-1882)

Longfellow, take a secondary See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in comparison with Tegner's masterpiece, of See also:

• WORLD

world-wide fame . In 182o he published in Iduna certain fragments. of an epic or See also:

• CYCLE
• CYCLE (Gr. KUK)^os, a circle)

cycle of epical pieces, on which he was then working, Frithjofs See also:

• SAGA (literally a story committed to writing)

saga or the See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

Story of Frithiof . In 1822 he published five more cantos, and in 1825 the entire poem . Before it was completed it was famous throughout See also:

• EUROPE

Europe; the aged See also:

• GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON (1749-1832)

Goethe took up his See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen to commend to his countrymen this " alte, kraftige, gigantischbarbarische Dichtart," and desired Amalie von Imhoff to translate it into See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German . This romantic See also:

• PARAPHRASE (Gr. irapa¢pavis, from rrapa4p4av, to relate something in different words, 'raga, beside, and ¢pai"eav, speak, tell)

paraphrase of an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient saga was composed in twenty-four cantos, all differing in See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, modelled somewhat, it is only See also:

• FAIR

fair to say, on an earlier Danish masterpiece, the Helge of See also:

• OHLENSCHLAGER, ADAM GOTTLOB (1779-1850)

Ohlenschlager . Frithjofs saga is the best known of all Swedish productions; it is said to have been translated twenty-two times into See also:

• ENGLISH

English, twenty times into German, and once at least into every See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language .

It is far from satisfying the demands of more See also:

• RECENT

recent antiquarian See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research, but it still is allowed to give the freshest existing impression, in imaginative form, of See also:

• LIFE

life in early Scandinavia . In later years Tegner began, but See also:

• LEFT

left unfinished, two important epical poems, Gerda and Kronbruden . The See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of the publication of Frithjofs saga (1825) was the See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical See also:

• EPOCH (Gr. E7roxij, holding in suspense, a pause, from E1rxav, to hold up, to stop)

epoch of his career . It made him one of the most famous poets in Europe; it transferred him from his study in Lund to the bishop's See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace in Vexio; it marked the first breakdown of his See also:

• HEALTH

health, which had hitherto been excellent; and it witnessed a singular moral crisis in the inner history of the poet, about which much has been written, but of which little is known . Tegner was at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time passionately in love with a certain beautiful See also:

• EUPHROSYNE

Euphrosyne See also:

• PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )
• PALM, JOHANN PHILIPP (1768-1806)

Palm, the wife of a See also:

• TOWN

town councillor in Lund, and this unfortunate See also:

• PASSION (post-classical Lat. passio, formed from pati, passus, to suffer, endure)

passion, while it in-spired much of his finest poetry, turned the poet's See also:

• BLOOD

blood to See also:

• GALL (a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch gal, and Ger. Galle; the Indo-European root appears in Gr. xoXi,, and Lat. fel; possibly connected with " yellow," with reference to the colour of bile)
• GALL, FRANZ JOSEPH (1758-1828)

gall . From this time forward the heartlessness of woman is one of Tegner's See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal themes . It is a remarkable sign of the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden at that time that a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man not in See also:

• HOLY

holy orders, and so little in See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the religious temperament as Tegner, should be offered and should accept a bishop's crosier . He did not hesitate in accepting it: it was a great See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour; he was poor; and he was anxious to get away from Lund . No sooner, however, had he begun to study for his new duties than he began to regret the step he had taken . It was nevertheless too See also:

• LATE

late to go back, and Tegner made a respectable bishop as See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long as his health lasted . But he became See also:

• MOODY, DWIGHT LYMAN (RYTHER) (1837-1899)

moody and See also:

• MELANCHOLY (Gr. µe)tayXotia, from µEtas, black, and Xotii, bile)

melancholy; as early as 1833 he complained of fiery heats in his See also:

• BRAIN (A.S. braegen)

brain, and in 184o, during a visit to Stockholm, he suddenly became insane . He was sent to an See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

asylum in See also:

• SCHLESWIG (Dan. Slesvig)

Schleswig, and early in 1841 he was cured, and able to return to Vexio .

It was during his convalescence in Schleswig that he composed Kronbruden . He wrote no more of importance; in 1843 he had a stroke of See also:

• APOPLEXY (Gr. arov n i.a, from aroaMvvew, to strike down, to stun)

apoplexy, and on the 2nd of November 1846 he died in Vexio . From 1819 he had been a member of the Swedish Academy, where he was succeeded by his biographer and best imitator See also:

• BOTTIGER, KARL AUGUST (176o-1835)

Bottiger . See Bottiger, Teckning of Tegners Lefnad ; Georg See also:

• BRANDES, GEORG MORRIS COHEN (1842– )

Brandes, Esaias Tegner; Thommander, Tankar och ojen . (E .