TERNATE  , a small See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in the See also:

• MALAY

Malay See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

Archipelago, off the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

• HALMAHERA [" great land "; also Jilolo or Gilolo]

Halmahera, in o° 48' N., 127° 19' E . It is nearly circular in See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, with an See also:

• AREA

area of about 25 sq. m., and consists almost entirely of a remarkable See also:

• VOLCANO

volcano (5400 ft.) formed of three superimposed cones . Frequent destructive eruptions have occurred . On the island is the small See also:

• TOWN

town of Ternate, which, in spite' of its See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour, carried on no considerable See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade or See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping, and has only 3000 inhabitants . But it is the headquarters of the Dutch residency of Ternate, which exercises authority over the area of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient kingdoms of Ternate and See also:

• TIDORE

Tidore . The residency consists of the following See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups of islands: the Halmahera See also:

• GROUP

group, the See also:

• BACHIAN (Dutch Batjan)

Bachian and the Obi group, the Sula Islands, the islands near the western See also:

• HALF

half of New See also:

• GUINEA

Guinea (Gebeh, Vaigeu, Salawati, Misol, collectively called the Papuan Islands), the western half of New Guinea as far as 141° E., with the islands in Geelvink Gulf on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north coast of New Guinea (Schouten Islands, Yapen, &c.), along with others on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south coast . To this residency also belong the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of Banggai in See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• CELEBES

Celebes, and the Banggai Islands . The residency stretches from 20 43' N. to 5° 45' S., and 121° to 1410 E., with an area of 155,800 sq. m . The Dutch See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government exercises See also:

• DIRECT

direct authority only over parts of Ternate, Halmahera, Bachian and Obi islands . Its See also:

• RULE

rule over the other groups it carries on through• the sultans of Ternate and Tidore (q.v.) . Both the island and town of Ternate suffer from their See also:

• ISOLATION

isolation, and have never regained the importance they had in former centuries . Pop. of the whole residency (1905) 108,415 .

The inhabitants are of Malay See also:

• RACE

race and Mahommedans in See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . The breaking up of the old government of the See also:

• MOLUCCAS, or SPICE ISLANDS

Moluccas tended to make Ternate perhaps the most important Dutch-See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• POLITICAL

political centre of the archipelago east of Celebes . Nominally the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan is still ruler, but virtually his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers were greatly curtailed by his conventions with the Dutch-Indian government, under which he surrendered, with the concurrence of his grandees, many of his former rights to the Dutch See also:

• RESIDENT

resident, who became the de facto See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of the easternmost colonial possessions of See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, especially since the See also:

• TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

transfer of Dutch New Guinea in 'cool . Among the rights surrendered by the sultan of Ternate to the Dutch were those of granting monopolies and See also:

• MINING

mining concessions, now vested in the Dutch resident . The island of Bachian is worked by a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of chartered See also:

• COMPANY

company . For surrendered rights and privileges the sultan and his grandees received monetary compensations in the shape of See also:

• ANNUAL

annual subventions, and these also have been paid for the losses formerly incurred by the wilful destruction of the See also:

• NUTMEG (from " nut," and O. Fr. mugue, musk, Lat. muscus)

nutmeg plantations, carried out in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to enhance the value of this commodity and monopolize its cultivation . The restrictions on nutmeg-growing have See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long since been removed, and many plantations, with See also:

• FREE

free labour, have been started in Ternate since 1885 . It is a curious fact that See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity has declined in Ternate in See also:

• MODERN

modern '`See also:

• MES

mes, though it was an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early stronghold and the number of Europeans settled there has materially increased .