TERZI  . -_ . After See also:

• HOWARD (FAMILY)
• HOWARD, CATHERINE (d. 1542)
• HOWARD, JOHN (1726-1790)
• HOWARD, LORD WILLIAM (1563–1640)
• HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS (1830-19o9)
• HOWARD, SIR ROBERT (1626–1698)

Howard, See also:

• YEAR

Year See also:

• BOOK

Book U.S . Dept . Agr., 1894 . into a See also:

• PROCESS

process or See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

hood-like structure which may extend far behind the tail-end of the See also:

• ABDOMEN (a Latin word, either from abdere, to hide, or from a form adipomen, from adeps, fat)

abdomen . Two other allied families, the Cercopidae and Jassidae, are more numerously represented in our islands . The See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young of many of these See also:

• INSECTS

insects are See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green and soft-skinned, protecting themselves by the well-known frothy secretion that is called " See also:

• CUCKOO

cuckoo-See also:

• SPIT

spit." In all the above-mentioned families of Homoptera there are three segments in each See also:

• FOOT

foot . The remaining four families have feet with only two seg- Pmm See also:

• OSBORN, SHERARD (1822—1875)

Osborn (after See also:

• DEANE, RICHARD (1610-1653)
• DEANE, SILAS (1737-1789)

Deane), meets. hey are of B:dl . 5 (N.S.), Div . Ent. very See also:

• GREAT

great zoological G.S . Dept .

Agr. See also:

• INTEREST

interest on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of ( Pediculus vestimenti). their See also:

• LIFE

life-See also:

• HISTORY

history—See also:

• PAR (Lat. par, equal)

par- Magnified. thenogenesis being of normal occurrence among most of them . The families Psyllidae or " jumpers ") with eight or ten segments in the feeler and the Aleyrodidae (or " snowy flies ") distinguished by their See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white mealy wings, are of comparatively slight importance . The two families to which See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention has been paid are the Aphidae or plant-lice (" green See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly ") and the Coccidae or See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale-insects . The aphids (fig . II) have feelers with seven or fewer distinct segments, and the fifth abdominal From Osborn (after segment usually carries a pair of tubular See also:

• PRO

pro- Schiodte), See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

Ball., (IV .S.), cesses through which a waxy secretion is dis- Div . Ent . U.S . Dept. charged . Tha sweet " See also:

• HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

honey-See also:

• DEW

dew," often Agr . . sought as a See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food by ants, is secreted from the FIG . 15 . — Pro-intestines of aphids .

The See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar life-See also:

• CYCLE
• CYCLE (Gr. KUK)^os, a circle)

cycle in boscis of Pediculus. which successive generations are produced Highly magnified. through the summer months by virgin See also:

• FEMALES

females —the See also:

• EGG (O.E. aeg, cf. Ger. Ei, Swed. aegg, and prob. Gr. u,ov, Lat. ovum)
• EGG, AUGUSTUS LEOPOLD (1816-1863)

egg developing within the See also:

• BODY

body of the See also:

• MOTHER

mother—is de-scribed at length in the articles See also:

• APHIDES (pl. of Aphis)

APHIDES and See also:

• PHYLLOXERA (Gr. 4suXXov, leaf, and Erlpbs, dry)

PHYLLOXERA . The Coccidae have only a single claw to the foot; the See also:

• MALES

males (fig . 12 a) have the fore-wings See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed and the See also:

• HIND

hind-wings greatly reduced, while in the See also:

• FEMALE

female wings are totally absent and the body undergoes marked degradation (See also:

• FIGS

figs . 12, e, 13, a, b) . In the Coccids the forma- tion of a protective waxy secretion—See also:

• PRESENT

present in many genera of Homoptera—reaches its most extreme development. in some coccids —the " mealy-bugs " (Dactylopius, &c.) for example—the secretion forms a white See also:

• THREAD (0. Eng. praed, literally, that which is twisted, prawan, to twist, to throw, cf. " throwster," a silk-winder, Ger. drehen, to twist, turn, Du. draad, Ger. Draht, thread, wire)

thread-like or See also:

• PLATE

plate-like covering which the See also:

• INSECT

insect carries about . But in most members of the See also:

• FAMILY

family, the secretion, See also:

• UNITED

united with See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

cast cuticles and excrement, forms a See also:

• FIRM

firm " scale," closely attached by its edges to the See also:

• SURFACE

surface of the plant on which the insect lives, and serving as a See also:

• SHIELD (0. Eng. scild, cf. Du. and Ger. Schild, Dan. Skjold; the origin is doubtful, but may be referred to the root seen in " shell " or " scale "; another suggestion connects it with Icel. skjalla, to clash, rattle; it is not connected with the Indo-Ger
• SHIELD, WILLIAM (1748—1829)

shield beneath which the female coccid, with her eggs (fig . 13 a' and brood, finds shelter . The male coccid passes through a passive See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage (fig . 4) before attaining the perfect See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition . Many scale-insects are among the most serious of pests, but various See also:

• SPECIES

species have been utilized by See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man for the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of See also:

• WAX

wax (See also:

• LAC

lac) and red dye (See also:

• COCHINEAL

cochineal) . See ECONOMIC See also:

• ENTOMOLOGY (Gr. iv-roµa, insects, and Xiryos, a discourse)

ENTOMOLOGY, SCALE-INSECT . ANOPLURA The Anoplura or lice (see See also:

• LOUSE (O. Eng. leis, cf. Du. luis, Ger. Laus, Dan. and Swed. lus)

LOUSE) are wingless parasitic insects (fig .

14) forming an See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order distinct from the See also:

• HEMIPTERA (Gr. 77µi-, half and IrTep6P, a wing)

Hemiptera, their sucking and piercing mouth-See also:

• ORGANS

organs being apparently formed on quite a different See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan from those of the Heteroptera and Homoptera . In front of the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head is a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube armed with strong recurved hooks which can be fixed into the skin of the See also:

• HOST

host, and from the tube an elongate more slender tucking-See also:

• TRUNK (Fr. tronc, Lat. truncus, cut off, maimed)

trunk can be protruded (fig . 15) . Each foot is provided with a single strong claw which, opposed to a process on the shin, serves to grasp a See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair of the host, all the lice being parasites on different mammals . Although G . Enderlein has recently shown that the jaws of the Hemiptera can be recognized in a reduced condition in connexion with the louse's See also:

• PROBOSCIS

proboscis, the modification is so excessive that the See also:

• GROUP

group certainly deserves ordinal separation .