JOHANN See also:

• JOHANN TETZEL (c. 1460–1519)

TETZEL (c. 1460–1519)  , preacher and salesman of papal indulgences, the son of Hans See also:

• TETZEL, JOHANN (c. 1460–1519)

Tetzel, a See also:

• GOLDSMITH
• GOLDSMITH, LEWIS (c. 1763–1846)
• GOLDSMITH, OLIVER (1728–1774)

goldsmith of See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born there about 1460 . He matriculated at the university in 1482, graduated B.A. in 1487, and in 1489 entered the Dominican See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent at Leipzig . He See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early discovered his vocation as a preacher of indulgences; he combined the elocutionary gifts of a revivalist orator with the shrewdness of an auctioneer . He painted in lurid See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours the terrors of See also:

• PURGATORY (Late Lat. purgatorium, from purgare, to purge)

purgatory, while he dwelt on the cheapness of the See also:

• INDULGENCE (Lat. indulgentia, indulgere, to grant, concede)

indulgence which would See also:

• PURCHASE

purchase remission and his prices were lowered as each See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale approached its end . He began in 1502 in the service of the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal-See also:

• LEGATE (Lat. legatus, past part. of legare, to send as deputy)
• LEGATE, BARTHOLOMEW (c. 1575-1612)

legate See also:

• RAYMOND, HENRY JARVIS (1820-1869)

Raymond Peraudi; and in the next few years he visited See also:

• FREIBERG, or FREYBERG

Freiberg (where he extracted 2000 gulden in two days), See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden, See also:

• PIRNA

Pirna, Leipzig, See also:

• ZWICKAU

Zwickau and See also:

• GORLITZ

Gorlitz . Later on he was at See also:

• NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg, See also:

• ULM

Ulm and See also:

• INNSBRUCK

Innsbruck, where he is said to have been condemned to imprisonment for See also:

• ADULTERY (from Lat. adulterium)

adultery, but released at the intercession of the elector of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony . Thischarge is denied by his apologists; and though his methods were attacked by See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good Catholics like Johann Hass, he was elected See also:

• PRIOR (from Lat. prior—former, and hence superior, through O. Fr. priour)
• PRIOR, MATTHEW (1664-1721)

prior of the See also:

• DOMINICANS

Dominicans in See also:

• GLOGAU

Glogau in 1505 . Fresh See also:

• SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)

scope was given to his activity in 1517 by See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop Albrecht of See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz . Albrecht had been elected at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty-four to a see already impoverished by frequent successions and payments of See also:

• ANNATES (Lat. annatae, from annus, " year ")

annates to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . He had agreed with See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• LEO
• LEO (THE LION)
• LEO, BROTHER (d. c. 1270)
• LEO, HEINRICH (1799-1878)
• LEO, JOHANNES (c. 1494-1552)
• LEO, LEONARDO (1694–1744)

Leo X. to pay his first-fruits in See also:

• CASH

cash, on See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition that he were allowed to recoup himself by the sale of indulgences . See also:

• HALF

Half the proceeds in his See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province were to go to him, half to Leo X. for See also:

• BUILDING

building the See also:

• BASILICA

basilica of St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter's at Rome . Tetzel was selected as the most efficient salesman; he was appointed See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general sub-See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner for indulgences, and was accompanied by a clerk of the Fuggers from whom Albrecht had borrowed the See also:

• MONEY

money to pay his first-fruits .

Tetzel's efforts irretrievably damaged the complicated and abstruse See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine on the subject of indulgences; as soon as the See also:

• COIN
• COIN (older forms of the word are coyne, quoin and coign, all derived through the O. Fr. coing, and cuigne from Lat. cuneus, a wedge)

coin clinks in the See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest, he cried, the soul is freed from purgatory . In See also:

• JUNE

June he was at See also:

• MAGDEBURG

Magdeburg, See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

Halle and See also:

• NAUMBURG

Naumburg; the elector of Saxony excluded him from his dominions, but Albrecht's See also:

• BROTHER

brother, the elector See also:

• JOACHIM, JOSEPH (1831—1907)

Joachim of See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg, encouraged him at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin in the See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope of sharing the spoils, and by the connivance of See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George of Saxony he was permitted to pursue his operations within a few See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles of the electoral territory at See also:

• WITTENBERG

Wittenberg . See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther was thus roused to publish his momentous ninety-five theses on the subject of indulgences on See also:

• OCTOBER

October 31, 1517 (see LUTHER) . Even Albrecht was shamed by Luther's attack, but he could not afford to relinquish his profits already pledged for the re-See also:

• PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of his debts; and Tetzel was encouraged to defend himself and indulgences . Through the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

• CONRAD (d. 955)
• CONRAD, JOSEPH (1856– )
• CONRAD, or KONRAD (M. H. Ger. Kuonrdl, i.e. " keen in counsel," Lat. Conradus, It. Corrado, cf. the A.S. Ccenred)

Conrad Wimpina, See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of Frankfurt, Tetzel was created D.D. of that university, and with Wimpina's assistance he See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew up, in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1518, a See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred and six theses in See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to Luther's . But the See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm overwhelmed him: sober Catholics See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt that his vulgar extravagances had prejudiced Catholic doctrine, and Miltitz, who was sent from Rome to See also:

• DEAL

deal with the situation, administered to him a severe castigation . He hid himself in the Dominican convent at Leipzig in fear of popular violence, and died there on the 4th of See also:

• JULY

July 1519, just as Luther was beginning his famous disputation with See also:

• ECK, JOHANN MAIER (1486-1543)

Eck . Many lives of Tetzel have been published on the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant and on the Catholic See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, the most See also:

• RECENT

recent being Korner's (1880), K . W . See also:

• HERMANN, JOHANN GOTTFRIED JAKOB (1772–1848)
• HERMANN, KARL FRIEDRICH (1804–1855)

Hermann's (2nd ed . 1883), and N . See also:

• PAULUS
• PAULUS (older form PAur.Lus), LUCIUS AEMILIUS
• PAULUS, HEINRICH

Paulus' (1899) .

See also Allgemeine deutsche Biographie; Gess's Akten and Briefe zur Kirchenpolitik See also:

• HERZOG, HANS (1819–1894)
• HERZOG, JOHANN JAKOB (1805-1882)

Herzog Georgs von Sachsen, vol. i . (1905), Introd. pp . 76-8, &c.; H . See also:

• BARGE (Med. Lat. barca, possibly connected with Lat. baris, Gr. flaps, a boat used on the Nile)

Barge's Andreas Bodenstein von See also:

• CARLSTADT, KARLSTADT

Carlstadt (2 vols . 1905) J . See also:

• JANSSEN, JOHANNES (1829-1891)
• JANSSEN, or JANSEN (sometimes JOHNSON), CORNELIUS (1593-1664)
• JANSSEN, PIERRE JULES CESAR (1824–1907)

Janssen's Hist. of the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• PEOPLE

People, and An -amine Kritiker; M . See also:

• CREIGHTON, MANDELL (1843—1901)

Creighton's Hist. of the Papacy, vol. vi.; and H . C . See also:

• LEA, HENRY CHARLES (1825–1909)

Lea's Hist. of Auricular See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

Confession and Indulgences (3 vols., 1896) . All the histories of the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany and all the lives of Luther deal at greater or shorter length with Tetzel ; in the See also:

• INDEX

index to vol. ii. of the See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge Mod . See also:

• HISTORY

History he is confused with a later Tetzel of Nuremberg . (A .

F .