See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

LOUIS JACQUES See also:

• LOUIS JACQUES THENARD (1777-1857)

THENARD (1777-1857)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French chemist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 4th of May 1777 at Louptiere, near Nogentsur-See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine, See also:

• AUBE

Aube . His See also:

• FATHER

father, a poor See also:

• PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

peasant, managed to have him educated at the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy of See also:

• SENS

Sens, and sent him at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of sixteen to study See also:

• PHARMACY

pharmacy in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . There he attended the lectures of A . F . See also:

• FOURCROY, ANTOINE FRANCOIS, COMTE DE (1755-1809)

Fourcroy and L . N . See also:

• VAUQUELIN, LOUIS NICOLAS (1763-1829)

Vauquelin, and succeeded in gaining See also:

• ADMISSION

admission, in a humble capacity, to the latter's laboratory . But his progress was so rapid that in two or three years he was able to take his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master's See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place at the lecture-table, and Fourcroy and Vauquelin were so satisfied with his performance that they procured for him a school See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment in 1797 as teacher of See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry, and in 1798 one as repetiteur at the Ecole Polytechnique . In 1804 Vauquelin resigned his professorship at the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College de See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and successfully used his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence to obtain the appointment for See also:

• THENARD, LOUIS JACQUES (1777-1857)

Thenard, who six years later, after Fourcroy's See also:

• DEATH

death, was further elected to the chairs of chemistry at the Ecole Polytechnique and the Faculte See also:

• DES

des Sciences . He also succeeded Fourcroy as member of the Academy . In 1825 he received the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron from See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles X., and in 1832 See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis Philippe made him a peer of France . From 1827 to 1830 he represented the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• YONNE

Yonne in the chamber of deputies, and as See also:

• VICE

vice-See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Conseil superieur de l'instruction publique, he exercised a See also:

• GREAT

great influence on scientific See also:

• EDUCATION

education in France .

He died in Paris on the 21st of See also:

• JUNE

June 1857 . A statue was erected to his memory at Sens in 1861, and in 1865 the name of his native See also:

• VILLAGE

village was changed to Louptiere-Thenard . Above all things Thenard was a teacher; as he himself said, the See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor, the assistants, the laboratory—everything must be sacrificed to the students . Like most great teachers he published a See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text-See also:

• BOOK

book,. and his Traite de Chimie elementaire, theorique'et pratique (4 vols., Paris, 1813-16), which served as a See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard for a See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, perhaps did even more for the advance of chemistry than his numerous See also:

• ORIGINAL

original discoveries . Soon after his appointment as repetileur at the Ecole Polytechnique he began a lifelong friendship with J . L . See also:

• GAY, JOHN (1685-1732)
• GAY, MARIE FRANCOISE SOPHIE (1776-1852)
• GAY, WALTER (1856– )

Gay-Lussac, and the two carried out many researches together . Careful See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis led him to dispute some of C . L . Berthollet's theoretical views regarding the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition of the metallic oxides, and he also showed Berthollet's " zoonic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid " to be impure acetic acid (1802); but Berthollet (q.v.), so far from resenting these corrections from a younger See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, invited him to become a member of the Societe d'See also:

• ARCUEIL

Arcueil . His first original See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper (1799) was on the compounds of See also:

• ARSENIC (symbol As, atomic weight 75.0)

arsenic and See also:

• ANTIMONY (symbol Sb, atomic weight 120.2)

antimony with See also:

• OXYGEN (symbol 0, atomic weight 16)

oxygen and See also:

• SULPHUR

sulphur, and of his other See also:

• SEPARATE

separate investigations one of the most important was that on the See also:

• COMPOUND
• COMPOUND (from Lat. componere, to combine or put together)

compound See also:

• ETHERS

ethers, begun in 1807 . His researches on sebacic acid (1802) and on bile (1807), and his See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of peroxide of See also:

• HYDROGEN [symbol H, atomic weight x-oo8 (0=16)]

hydrogen (18r8) also deserve mention .

The substance known . as " Thenard's See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue, " he prepared in 1799 in response to a See also:

• PEREMPTORY

peremptory demand by J . A . See also:

• CHAPTAL, JEAN ANTOINE CLAUDE, COMTE DE

Chaptal for a cheap colouring See also:

• MATTER

matter, as See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

bright as See also:

• ULTRAMARINE

ultramarine and capable of See also:

• STANDING

standing the See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat of the See also:

• PORCELAIN

porcelain See also:

• FURNACE

furnace . Most of Th6nard's See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs, a See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of which may be found in the Royal Society's See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

Catalogue of Scientific Papers, were published in the Annales deCkimie et de Physique, the Memoires d'Arcueil, the Comptes Rend us and the Memoires of the Academy of Sciences .