THE

EARLY

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• COUNTS

COUNTS OF  BARCELONA In the last years of the 8th and beginning of the 9th century, Charlemagne and Louis the Pius began conquering the north-east of Spain, which the Arabs had occupied as early as 713 . By 811 the Franks had conquered as far as Tortosa and Tarragona . The territory gained was called the Marca Hispanica, and was governed by counts of Roussillon, Ampurias, Besaltu, Barcelona, Cerdena, Pallars and Urgell . They became independent during the decadence of the Carolingians . The supremacy was acquired gradually by the Garcia . Fernan Gonzales Ordono H . . Fruela . Alphonso IV . . Ramiro H . . Ordono HI . . Sancho I., " The Fat." Ramiro III . Bermudo II., The Gouty " Alphonso V .

. Bermudo III . . Fernando I., or

Ferdinand . Garcia Fernandez Saneho Garcia . Garcia . . I 923-968 968-1006 I006-IO28 1028 923-924 924-931 931-950 950-955 955-967 967-982 982-999 999-1027 1027-1037 1027-1065 910-913 913-923 Took Leon, which then included Bardulia, or Castile, as the eldest son . Second son; became king in Gallicia which included north-ern Portugal and acquired Leon on the death of his brother Garcia . Third brother; held Asturias, and was king of all north-west for a short time after death of Ordono . Son of Ordono ; became a monk at Sahagun, and was succeeded by his brother Ramiro . In his reign Castile broke away from Leon, under the count Fernan Gonzales . Son of Ramiro . Half brother of Ordono III. and son of Ramiro II. by his second marriage with a daughter of Sancho Abarca of Navarre . Was driven out by his nobles, in alliance with Fernan Gonzales, count of Castile, and restored by the caliph .

The rebels put Ordono, son of Alphonso IV., on the

throne for a time . Son of Sancho . Succeeded as a boy . His reign was a period of anarchy . Son of Ordono III.,was supported against his cousin Ramiro III. by the nobles, and was placed on the throne by the Hajib Mansur . Son of Bermudo . Began the restoration of the kingdom after the period of anarchy, and subjection to the caliphate . Killed at siege of Viseu . Son of Alphonso V.; was killed in battle at Tamaron with his brother-in-law Ferdinand, count and then first king of Castile . Son of Sancho el Mayor of Navarre, king of Castile by right of his mother, and of Leon and Gallicia by the sword . Sancho Abarca, i.e . Brogues Garcia Sanchez Sancho Garcia .

Garcia Sanchez . "TheTrembler" Sancho el Mayor Garcia III . . Sancho IV . . 906-926 926-966 966-993 993-1000 1000-1035 1035-1054 1054-1076 Ramiro Sanchez Sancho I . Pedro I . . . . Alphonso I."The Battler." Ramiro II . . Petronilla . 1035-1067 1067-1094 1094-1102 1102-1134 1134-1137 1137-1164 counts of Barcelona who became independent with Wilfred I. by 874 . He and his immediate descendants gradually subdued the other counts . They suffered much from the inroads of Mansur in the loth century, but on the decline of the caliphate, they took

part in the general advance . Berenguer Ramon I .

1018-1035 Held Barcelona,

Vich and Manresa with land con- quered from the Moors to' the south . Ramon Berenguer, . 1035-1076 Son . His father had divided " The Old." his possessions between his widow and all his sons, but Ramon Berenguer reunited them by force . He left his dominion to be held in common by his two sons . Ramon Berenguer II . Cap Ramon Berenguer I076-I082 d'estops (" Tow Pow ") and was murdered by Beren- Berenguer Ramon II . I076-I082 guer Ramon II., whose end is unknown . Ramon Berenguer . 1082-1131 Son of Ramon Berenguer II . By his marriage with Aldonza or Douce of Pro- vence he acquired territory in south-eastern France . He inherited or subdued all the other countships of Catalonia, except Peralada .

Ramon Berenguer . I131-1162 Son . Inherited the

Spanish possessions of his father, the French going to a brother . Was betrothed to Petronilla of Aragon, and married her in 1150, becoming king of Aragon . Second period of the union, disunion and reunion of Castile and Leon from Fernando I. to Fernando III . Fernando I. divided his dominions among his three sons: to Sancho, the eldest, Castile; to Alfonso, the second son, Leon; to Garcia, the third son, Gallicia .