THISTLEWOOD  . See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

ARTHUR (177o-1820), the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal instigator of the See also:

• CATO, DIONYSIUS
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (234—149 B.c.)
• CATO, MARCUS PORCIUS (95-46 B.c.)
• CATO, PUBLIUS VALERIUS

Cato See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street See also:

• CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy, a See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot formed to See also:

• MURDER

murder many See also:

• BRITISH

British ministers in 182o . A son of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Thistlewood, and See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Tupholme in See also:

• LINCOLNSHIRE

Lincolnshire, See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young Thistlewood passed his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years in a desultory See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion; he became a soldier and visited See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• AMERICA

America, imbibing republican opinions abroad and See also:

• RUNNING

running into See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home . Then taking up his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in See also:

• LONDON

London he joined the Spencean Society, a revolutionary See also:

• BODY

body; associated himself with See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• WATSON, RICHARD (1737-1816)
• WATSON, THOMAS (c. 1557–1592)
• WATSON, WILLIAM (1858- )
• WATSON, WILLIAM (c. 1559-1603)

Watson (d . 1838) and other See also:

• AGITATORS, or ADJUTATORS

agitators; and in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1816 helped to arrange a See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting in See also:

• SPA

Spa See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

Fields, London, which was to be followed by the seizure of the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower of London and the See also:

• BANK

Bank of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and by a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general revolution . The proposed rising was a See also:

• DISMAL

dismal failure, but the Habeas Corpus See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act was suspended and See also:

• THISTLE

Thistle-See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood and Watson were seized, although upon being tried they were acquitted . Becoming more violent Thistlewood formed other plots, talked of murdering the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, and was sentenced to a See also:

• YEAR

year's imprisonment for challenging the home secretary, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• SIDMOUTH
• SIDMOUTH, HENRY ADDINGTON, 1ST VISCOUNT (1757–1844)

Sidmouth, to a See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel . After his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release in May 1819, having broken away from See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• HUNT, ALFRED WILLIAM (183o-1896)
• HUNT, HENRY (1i73-1835)
• HUNT, HENRY JACKSON (1819-1889)
• HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH (1784-1859)
• HUNT, ROBERT (1807-1887)
• HUNT, THOMAS STERRY (1826-1892)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HENRY (1790—1864)
• HUNT, WILLIAM HOLMAN (1827-1910)
• HUNT, WILLIAM MORRIS (1824-1879)

Hunt and the more moderate reformers, he prepared a new and comprehensive plot . On the 23rd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 182o, at a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• DISTRESS

distress and during the unrest caused by the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George III., the See also:

• CABINET

cabinet ministers had arranged to dine at the See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• HARROWBY, DUDLEY RYDER, 1ST EARL, OF (1762–1847)

Harrowby's See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house in Grosvenor Square . Thistlewood knew of the See also:

• DINNER

dinner . With some associates he hired a See also:

• ROOM

room in the neighbouring Cato Street, collected arms and made ready to fall upon Harrowby's guests . However the authorities had been informed of the plot, probably by one of the conspirators named George See also:

• EDWARDS, AMELIA ANN BLANDFORD (1831-1892)
• EDWARDS, BELA BATES (18o2-1852)
• EDWARDS, BRYAN (1743–1800)
• EDWARDS, GEORGE (1693–1773)
• EDWARDS, HENRY THOMAS (1837–1884)
• EDWARDS, JONATHAN (1703—1758)
• EDWARDS, LEWIS (1806–1887 )
• EDWARDS, RICHARD (c. 1523–1566)
• EDWARDS, T
• EDWARDS, THOMAS CHARLES (1837–1900)

Edwards; See also:

• OFFICERS

officers appeared upon the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene and arrested some of the conspirators; and although Thistlewood escaped in the See also:

• CON

con-See also:

• FUSION

fusion he was seized on the following See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day .

Tried for high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason, Thistlewood and four others were sentenced to death, and were hanged on the 1st of May 1820 . See See also:

• SIR

Sir S . See also:

• WALPOLE, HORATIO
• WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER (1839-1907)

Walpole, See also:

• HISTORY

History of England (189o), vol. i . THOKdLY, IMRE (EIIERICH), PRINCE (1657-1705), Hungarian statesman, was born at Kesmark on the 25th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1657 . He lost both parents while still a See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child . In 1670,fleeing from the dangers of Upper See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary, where the Protestants and Imperialists were constantly in arms against each other, he took See also:

• REFUGE

refuge with his kinsman See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael Teleki, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of Michael Apafy, prince of Transylvania . Here he came into contact with the Magyar refugees, who had great hopes of the high-born, high-gifted youth who was also a See also:

• FELLOW

fellow sufferer, a large portion of his immense estates having been confiscated by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor . The discontent reached its height when See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold (Feb . 27, 1673) suspended the Hungarian constitution, appointed Johan Gaspar Ampringen See also:

• DICTATOR (from the Lat. dictare, frequentative of dicere, to speak)

dictator, deprived 450 See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy of their livings and condemned 67 more to the galleys . Encouraged by promises of help from See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV., the See also:

• MAGYARS

Magyars now See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose See also:

• PRO

pro libertate et justilia, and See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose the youthful Thokoly as their See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader . The See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war began in 1679 . Upper Hungary and the See also:

• MINING

mining towns were soon in Thokoly's See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession .

In 1681, reinforced by 1o,00o Transylvanians and a See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army under the See also:

• PASHA

pasha of Nagyvarad, he compelled the emperor to See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant an See also:

• ARMISTICE (from Lat. arma, arms, and sistere, to stop)

armistice . On the 15th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1682 he married See also:

• HELEN

Helen See also:

• ZRINYI, MIKLOS, COUNT (1508—1566)
• ZRINYI, MIKLOS, COUNT (1620—1664)

Zrinyi, the widow of Prince See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis Rak6czy I . Thokoly's distrust of the emperor now induced him to turn for help to the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan, who recognized him as prince of . Upper Hungary on See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition that he paid an anuual See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute of 40,000 florins . In the course of the same year Thokoly captured fortress after fortress from the emperor and extended his dominions to the Waag . He refused, however, the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king offered to him by the See also:

• TURKS

Turks . At the two Diets held by him, at Kassa and Talya, in 1683, the estates, though not uninfluenced by his See also:

• PERSONAL

personal See also:

• CHARM (through the Fr. from the Lat. carmen, a song)

charm, showed some want of confidence in him, fearing lest he might See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice the See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence to the Turkish See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance . They refused therefore to grant him either subsidies or a See also:

• LEVEE (from Fr. lever, to raise)
• LEVEE (from the French substantival use of lever, to rise; there is no French substantival use of levee in the English sense)

levee en masse, and he had to take what he wanted by force . Thokoly materially assisted the Turks in the See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1683, and shared the See also:

• FATE

fate of the gigantic Turkish army . The See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• VIZIER

vizier nevertheless laid the blame of the failure on Thokoly, who thereupon hastened to See also:

• ADRIANOPLE
• ADRIANOPLE (anc. Hadrianopolis; Turk. Edirne, or Edreneh; Slay. Odrin)

Adrianople to defend himself before the sultan . Shortly afterwards, perceiving that the Turkish cause was now lost, he sought the See also:

• MEDIATION (Lat. medius, middle)

mediation of Sobieski to reconcile him with the emperor, offering to See also:

• LAY

lay down his arms if Leopold would confirm the religious rights of the Magyar Protestants and grant him, Thokoly, the thirteen See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-eastern counties of Hungary with the title of prince . Leopold refused these terms and demanded an unconditional surrender .

Thokoly then renewed the war . But the campaign of 1685 was a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of disasters, and when he sought help from the Turks at Nagyvarad they seized and sent him in chains to See also:

• BELGRADE (Servian, Biograd or Beograd, i.e. " White Castle")

Belgrade, possibly because of his previous negotiations with Leopold, whereupon most of his followers made their See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with the emperor . In 1686 Thokoly was released from his See also:

• DUNGEON

dungeon and sent with a small army into Transylvania, but both this expedition and a similar one in 1688 ended in failure . The Turks then again See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew suspicious of him and imprisoned him a second time . In 169o, however, the Turks despatched him into Transylvania a third time with 16,000 men, and in September he routed the See also:

• UNITED

united forces of General Heister and Michael Teleki at Zernest . After this great victory Thokoly was elected prince of Transylvania by the Keresztenymez See also:

• DIET

Diet, but could only maintain his position against the imperial armies with the utmost difficulty . In 1691 he quitted Transylvania altogether . He led the Turkish See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Slankamen, and in fact served valiantly but vainly against See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria during the See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of the war, especially distinguishing himself at See also:

• ZENTA

Zenta . He was excluded by name from the See also:

• AMNESTY (from the Gr. &µvrly-ria, oblivion)

amnesty promised to the Hungarian rebels by the peace of See also:

• KARLOWITZ, or CARLOWITZ (Hungarian, Karloeza; Croatian, Karlovci)

Karlowitz (See also:

• JAN

Jan . 26, 1699) . After one more unsuccessful See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt, in 1700, to recover his principality, he settled down at Galata with his wife . From the sultan he received large estates and the title of See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of Widdin .

He was buried in the great Armenian See also:

• CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

cemetery at See also:

• NICOMEDIA [mod. Ismid]

Nicomedia, but in the course of 1906 his See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics were transferred to Hungary., See See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

Correspondence of Thokiily (Hung.), ed. by Kalman Thaly (See also:

• BUDAPEST

Budapest, 1896) ; V . Frakn6i, Papst Innocenz XI. and Ungarn's Befreiung von de Turkenherrschaft (See also:

• FREIBURG

Freiburg, 1902) ; See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs of See also:

• EMERIC

Emeric Count Teckely (London, 1693) ; Correspondence of Michael Teleki (Hung.), ed. by S . Gergely (Budapest, 1905-1906) . (R . N .