See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

JAMES See also:

• THOMSON, JAMES (1822-1892)
• JAMES THOMSON (1834-1882)
• THOMSON, JAMES (r700-1748)
• THOMSON, JOHN (1778-184o)
• THOMSON, JOSEPH (1858-1895)
• THOMSON, SIR CHARLES WYVILLE (1830-1882)
• THOMSON, THOMAS (1773-1852)
• THOMSON, WILLIAM (1819-189o)

THOMSON (1834-1882)  , See also:

• BRITISH

British poet, best known by his See also:

• SIGNATURE (through Fr. from Lat. signature, signare, to sign, signum, mark, token, sign)

signature " B.V.", was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• PORT

Port-See also:

• GLASGOW

Glasgow, in See also:

• RENFREW

Renfrew-See also:

• SHIRE

shire, on the 23rd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1834, the eldest See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

child of a See also:

• MATE (a corruption of make, from O. Eng. gemaca, a " comrade ")
• MATE, or PARAGUAY TEA

mate in the See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping service . His See also:

• MOTHER

mother was a deeply religious woman of the Irvingite See also:

• SECT

sect . On her See also:

• DEATH

death, See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James, then in his seventh See also:

• YEAR

year, was procured See also:

• ADMISSION

admission into the Caledonian See also:

• ORPHAN

Orphan See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

Asylum . In 185o he entered the See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model school of the Military Asylum, See also:

• CHELSEA

Chelsea, from which he went out into the See also:

• WORLD

world as an assistant See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army schoolmaster . At the See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison at Ballincollig, near See also:

• CORK
• CORK (perhaps through Sp. corcha from Lat. cortex, bark, but possibly connected with quercus, oak)
• CORK, RICHARD BOYLE

Cork, he encountered the one brief happiness of his See also:

• LIFE

life: he See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell passionately in love with, and was in turn as ardently loved by, the daughter of the armourersergeant of a See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment in the garrison, a girl of very exceptional beauty and cultivated mind . Two years later he suddenly received See also:

• NEWS

news of her fatal illness and death . The See also:

• BLOW, JOHN (1648-1708)

blow prostrated him in mind and See also:

• BODY

body . Henceforth his life was one of gloom, disappointment, misery and poverty, rarely alleviated by episodes of somewhat brighter See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune . While in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland he had made the acquaintance of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• BRADLAUGH, CHARLES (1833-1891)

Bradlaugh, then a soldier stationed at Ballincollig, and it was under his auspices (as editor of the See also:

• LONDON

London Investigator) that See also:

• THOMSON, JAMES (1822-1892)
• THOMSON, JAMES (1834-1882)
• THOMSON, JAMES (r700-1748)
• THOMSON, JOHN (1778-184o)
• THOMSON, JOSEPH (1858-1895)
• THOMSON, SIR CHARLES WYVILLE (1830-1882)
• THOMSON, THOMAS (1773-1852)
• THOMSON, WILLIAM (1819-189o)

Thomson first appealed to the public as an author, though actually his earliest publication was in See also:

• TAIT, ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL (1811-1882)
• TAIT, ARTHUR FITZWILLIAM (1819-1905)
• TAIT, PETER GUTHRIE (1831-1901)

Tait's See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine for See also:

• JULY

July 1858, under the signature " Crepusculus." In 186o was established the See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper with which Bradlaugh was so See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long identified, the See also:

• NATIONAL

National Reformer, and it was here, among other productions by James Thomson, that appeared (1863) the powerful and sonorous verses " To our Ladies of Death," and (1874) his See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• WORK

work, the sombre and imaginative See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City of Dreadful See also:

• NIGHT

Night . In See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1862 Thomson was dismissed the army, in See also:

• COMPANY

company with other teachers, for some slight See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach of discipline . Through Bradlaugh, with whom for some subsequent years he lived, he gained employment as a See also:

• SOLICITOR

solicitor's clerk . From 1866 to the end of his life, except for two See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short absences from See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, Thomson lived in a single See also:

• ROOM

room, first in Pimlico and then in Bloomsbury .

He contracted habits of intemperance, aggravated by his pessimistic turn of mind to See also:

• DIPSOMANIA (from Gr. & 'a, thirst, and µavia, madness)

dipsomania, which made a successful career impossible for him . In 1869 he enjoyed what has been described as his " only reputable See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance in respectable See also:

• LITERARY

literary society," in the See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance of his long poem, " See also:

• SUNDAY

Sunday up the See also:

• RIVER

River," for See also:

• FRASER
• FRASER, ALEXANDER CAMPBELL (1819– )
• FRASER, JAMES (1818-1885)
• FRASER, JAMES BAILLIE (1783--1856)
• FRASER, SIR WILLIAM AUGUSTUS

Fraser's Magazine, on the See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice, it is said, of Charles See also:

• KINGSLEY, CHARLES (1819-1875)
• KINGSLEY, HENRY (183o-1876)
• KINGSLEY, MARY HENRIETTA (1862-1900)

Kingsley . In 1872 Thomson went to the western states of See also:

• AMERICA

America, as the See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent of the shareholders in what he ascertained to be a fraudulent See also:

• SILVER

silver mine; and the following year he received a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission from the New-See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York World to go to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain as its See also:

• SPECIAL

special correspondent with the Carlists . During the two months of his stay in that distracted See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country he saw little real fighting, and was himself prostrated by a See also:

• SUNSTROKE (Heatstroke; Insolation; Thermic Fever; Siriasis)

sunstroke . On his return to England he continued to write in the Secularist and the National Reformer, under the See also:

• INITIALS (Lat. initialis, of or belonging to a beginning, initium)

initials " B.V."' In 1875 he severed his connexion with the National Reformer, owing to a disagreement with its editor; henceforth his chief source of income (1875-1881) was from the monthly periodical known as See also:

• COPE
• COPE (M.E. cape, cope, from Med. Lat. capa, cappa)
• COPE, EDWARD DRINKER (1840-1897)
• COPE, EDWARD MEREDITH (1818-1873)

Cope's See also:

• TOBACCO

Tobacco Plant . Chiefly through the exertions of his friend and admirer, See also:

• BERTRAM, CHARLES (1723–1765)

Bertram See also:

• DOBELL, SYDNEY THOMPSON (1824-1874)

Dobell, Thomson's best-known See also:

• BOOK

book, The City of Dreadful Night, and other Poems, was published in See also:

• APRIL

April 188o, and at once attracted wide See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention; it was succeeded in the autumn by See also:

• VANE (formerly spelt " fane," i.e. pennon, flag; cf. Ger. Feline, Du. vaan, Fr. girouette, Ital. banderuola, Ger. Wellerfahne)
• VANE, SIR HENRY (1589-1654)
• VANE, SIR HENRY (1613-1662)

Vane's See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

Story, and other Poems, and in the following year by Essays and Phantasies . All his best work was produced between 1835 and 1875 (" The See also:

• DOOM (Old Eng. dOm, a word common to Tent. languages for that which is set up or ordered, from " do," in its original meaning of " place "; cf, Gr. &Ass, from stem of ri'rust)

Doom of a City," 1857; " Our Ladies of Death," 1861; Weddah and Om-el-Bonain; " The Naked Goddess," 1866-1867; The City of Dreadful Night, 1870-1874) . He died at University See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

Hospital, in See also:

• GOWER
• GOWER, JOHN (d. 1408)

Gower See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, on the 3rd of See also:

• JUNE

June 1882, and was buried at See also:

• HIGHGATE

Highgate See also:

• CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

cemetery, in the same See also:

• GRAVE

grave, in unconsecrated ground, as his friend See also:

• AUSTIN
• AUSTIN, ALFRED
• AUSTIN, JOHN (179o-1859)
• AUSTIN, SARAH (1793-1867)
• AUSTIN, STEPHEN FULLER (1793-1836)

Austin See also:

• HOLYOAKE, GEORGE JACOB (1817-2906)

Holyoake . To the productions of James Thomson already mentioned may be added the See also:

• POSTHUMOUS

posthumous See also:

• VOLUME

volume entitled A See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

Voice from the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile, and other Poems (1884), to which was prefixed a memoir by Bertram Dobell . This volume contained much that is interesting, but nothing to increase Thomson's reputation . If an See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt be made to point to the most apparent literary relation-See also:

• SHIP

ship of the author of The City of Dreadful Night, one might venture the See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion that James Thomson was a younger See also:

• BROTHER

brother of De Quincey . If he has distinct See also:

• AFFINITY (Lat. affinitas, relationship by marriage, from offinis, bordering on, related to; finis, border, boundary)
• AFFINITY, CHEMICAL

affinity to any writer it is to the author of Suspiria de profundis; if we look further afield, we might perhaps discern shadowy prototypes in See also:

• LEOPARDI, GIACOMO, COUNT (1798-1837)

Leopardi, See also:

• HEINE, HEINRICH, (1797-1856)

Heine and See also:

• BAUDELAIRE, CHARLES PIERRE (1821-1867)

Baudelaire .

But, after all, Thomson holds so unique a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place as a poet that the effort at See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification may well be dispensed with . His was no literary See also:

• PESSIMISM (from Lat. pessimus, worst)

pessimism, no assumed gloom . The poem " See also:

• INSOMNIA

Insomnia " is a distinct See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter of See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography; and in " Mater Tenebrarum " and elsewhere among his writings passages of self-See also:

• REVELATION, BOOK OF

revelation are frequent . The merits of Thomson's See also:

• POETRY

poetry are its imaginative See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, its sombre intensity, its sonorous See also:

• MUSIC

music; to these characteristics may be added, in his lighter pieces, a Heine-like admixture of See also:

• STRANGE, SIR ROBERT (1721-1792)

strange gaiety, pathos and See also:

• CAUSTIC (Gr. rcavvraubs, burning)

caustic See also:

• IRONY (Gr. dipaweLa, from eipwv, one who says less than he means, eiepees, to speak)

irony . Much the same may be said of his best See also:

• PROSE

prose . His faults are a monotony. of epithet, the not infrequent use of See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

rhetoric and verbiage, and perhaps a prevailing lack of the sense of See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form; besides an occasional vulgar recklessness of expression, as in parts of Vane's Story and in some of his prose writings . See the Life, by H . S . See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

Salt (1905 edition) .