See also:SIR See also:CHARLES WYVILLE See also:THOMSON (1830-1882)
, Scottish naturalist, was See also:born at Bonsyde, See also:Linlithgowshire, on the 5th of See also:March 183o, and was educated at See also:Edinburgh University
.
In 185o he was appointed lecturer in, and in 1851 See also:professor of, See also:botany at See also:Aberdeen, and in 1853 he became professor of natural See also:history in See also:Queen's See also:College, See also:Cork
.
A See also:year later he was nominated to the See also:chair of See also:mineralogy and See also:geology at Queen's College, See also:Belfast, and in 186o was transferred to the chair of natural history in the same institution
.
In 1868 he assumed the duties of professor of botany at the Royal College of See also:Science, See also:Dublin, and finally in 187o he received the natural history chair at Edinburgh
.
He will be specially remembered as a student of the biological conditions of the depths of the See also:sea
.
Being interested in crinoids, and stimulated by the results of the dredgings of See also:Michael Saes (ISo5–1869) in the deep sea off the See also:Norwegian coasts, he succeeded, along with Dr W
.
B
.
See also:Carpenter, in obtaining the See also:loan of H.M.S
.
" See also:Lightning " and " See also:Porcupine," for successive deep-sea dredging expeditions in the summers of 1868 and 1869
.
It was thus shown that See also:animal See also:life exists in abundance down to depths of 65o fathoms, that all invertebrate See also:groups are represented (largely by See also:Tertiary forms previously believed to be See also:extinct), and, moreover, that deep-sea temperatures are by no means so See also:constant as was supposed, but vary considerably, and indicate an oceanic circulation
.
The results of these expeditions were described in The Depths of the Sea, which he published in 1873
.
The remarkable results gained for See also:hydrography as well as See also:zoology, in association with the See also:practical needs of ocean telegraphy, soon led to the granting of H.M.S
.
" Challenger" for a circumnavigating expedition, and See also:Thomson sailed at the end of 1872 as director of the scientific See also:staff, the cruise lasting three years and a See also:half (see CHALLENGER EXPEDITION)
.
On his return he received many See also:academic honours, and was knighted
.
In 1877 he published two volumes (The Voyage of the Challenger in the See also:Atlantic), of a preliminary See also:account of the results of the voyage, meanwhile carrying on his administrative labours in connexion with the disposition of the See also:special collections and the publication of the monographs dealing with them
.
His See also:health. never robust, was meanwhile giving way; from 1879 he ceased to perform the duties of his chair; and he died at Bonsyde on the loth of March 1882
.
See obituary See also:notice in Proc
.
See also:Soc
.
Edin
.
(1883); also Thomson and See also:- MURRAY
- MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
- MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
- MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
- MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
- MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
- MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
- MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
- MURRAY, JOHN
- MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
- MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
- MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
- MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
- MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )
Murray, Reports of the Voyage of H.M.S
.
"Challenger" (Edinburgh
.
1885)
.
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