JACQUES See also:

• GUILLAUME
• GUILLAUME, JEAN BAPTISTE CLAUDE EUGENE (1822-1905)

GUILLAUME See also:

• JACQUES GUILLAUME THOURET (1746--1794)

THOURET (1746--1794)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French revolutionist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

Pont 1'Eveque . He was the son of a See also:

• NOTARY, or NOTARY PUBLIC

notary, and became an avocat at the See also:

• PARLEMENT (see PARLIAMENT)

parlement of See also:

• ROUEN

Rouen . In 1789 he was elected See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy to the states-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general by the third See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of Rouen, and in the Constituent See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly his eloquence gained him See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence . Like so many lawyers of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, he was violently opposed to the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, and strongly supported the secularization of See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church See also:

• PROPERTY

property . He also obtained the suppression of the religious orders and of all ecclesiastical privileges, and actively contributed to the See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change of the judiciary and administrative See also:

• SYSTEM

system . He was one of the promoters of the See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree of 1790 by which See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France was divided into departments,and was four times See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Constituent Assembly . After its See also:

• DISSOLUTION (from Lat. dissolvere, to break up into parts)

dissolution he became president of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of caseation . He wa3 included in the proscription of the See also:

• GIRONDISTS (Fr. Girondins)

Girondists, whose See also:

• POLITICAL

political opinions he shared, and was executed in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . Besides his speeches and reports he wrote an Abrege See also:

• DES

des revolutions de l' Widen gouvernement See also:

• FRANCAIS, ANTOINE, COUNT (1756-1836)

francais and Tableau chronologique de (Nov . 9, 1609) . The third See also:

• PART

part (up to 1594), and the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth (up to 1584), which appeared in 1607 and ,6o8, caused a similar outcry, in spite of de See also:

• THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE [THUANUS] (1553-1617)
• THOU, NOM

Thou's efforts to remain just and impartial . He carried his scruples to the point of forbid-ding any See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of his See also:

• BOOK

book into French, because in the See also:

• PROCESS

process there might, to use his own words, be committed great faults and errors against the intention of the author "; this, however, did not prevent the Jesuit See also:

• FATHER

Father See also:

• MACHAULT

Machault from accusing him of being " a false See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic, and worse than an open heretic " (1614); de Thou, we may say, was a member of the third See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of St See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis .

As an See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to his detractors, he wrote his Memoires, which are a useful See also:

• COMPLEMENT (Lat. complementum, from complere, to fill up)

complement to the See also:

• HISTORY

History of his own Times . After the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry IV., de Thou met with another disappointment; the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen-See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent refused him the position of first president of the parlement, appointing him instead as a member of the Conseil des finances intended to take the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• SULLY, JAMES (1842– )
• SULLY, MAXIMILIEN DE BETHUNE
• SULLY, THOMAS (1783—1872)

Sully . This was to him a distinct downfall; he continued, however, to serve under See also:

• MARIE

Marie de Medicis, and took part in the negotiations of the See also:

• TREATIES

treaties concluded at Ste Menehould (1614) and See also:

• LOUDUN

Loudun (1616) . He died at Paris on the 7th of May 1617 . Three years after the death of de Thou, See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre See also:

• DUPUY, CHARLES ALEXANDRE (1851– )
• DUPUY, PIERRE (1582-1651)

Dupuy and See also:

• NICOLAS
• NICOLAS, SIR NICHOLAS HARRIS (1799–1848)

Nicolas Rigault brought out, with pt. v., the fitst.See also:

• COMPLETE

complete edition of the Hsstoria sui temporis, comprising 138 books; they appended to it the Memoires, also given in Latin (162o) . A See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years later, an Englishman, See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel Buckley, published a See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical edition, the material for which had been collected in France itself by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• CARTE, THOMAS (1686-1754)

Carte (1933) . De Thou was treated as a classic, an See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour which he deserved . His history is a See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of exact See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research, See also:

• DRAWN

drawn from the best See also:

• SOURCES

sources, and presented in a See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style both elegant and animated ; unfortunately, even for the men of the See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance, Latin was a dead See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language; it was impossible for de Thou, for example, to find exact equivalents for technical terms of See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography or of See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . As the reasons which had led de Thou to forbid the translation of his monumental history disappeared with his death, there soon arose a See also:

• DESIRE

desire to make it accessible to a wider public . It was translated first into See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German . A See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant pastor, G . See also:

• BOULE (Gr. 0ovXi ,, literally " will," " advice "; hence a " council ")

Boule, who was afterwards converted to Catholicism, translated it into French, but could, not find a publisher .

The first translation printed was that of Pierre Du Ryer (1657), but it is mediocre and Incomplete . In the following See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century the See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

abbe See also:

• PREVOST, ANTOINE FRANCOIS (1697–1763)
• PREVOST, CONSTANT (1787-1856)
• PREVOST, EUGENE MARCEL (1862- )
• PREVOST, PIERRE (1751-1839)

Prevost, who was a conscientious collaborator with the See also:

• BENEDICTINES, or BLACK MONKS

Benedictines of See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-Maur before he became the author of the more profane See also:

• WORK

work Malian Lescaut, was in treaty with a Dutch publisher for a translation which was to consist of ten volumes; only the first See also:

• VOLUME

volume appeared (1733) . But competition, perhaps of an unfair See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, sprang up . A See also:

• GROUP

group of translators, who had the See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune of being able to avail themselves of Buckley's See also:

• FINE

fine edition, succeeded in bringing out all at the same time a translation in sixteen volumes (De Thou, Histoire universelle, Fr. trans. by Le Beau, Le Mascrier, the Abbe Des Fontaines, 1734) . As to the Memoires they had already .been translated by Le See also:

• PETIT, SIR DINSHAW MANECKJI, BART

Petit and Des Ifs (1711) ; in this See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form they have been reprinted in the collections of See also:

• PETITOT, JEAN (1608–1691)
• PETITOT, JEAN LOUIS (1652–c. 1730)

Petitot, See also:

• MICHAUD, JOSEPH FRANCOIS (1767–1839)

Michaud and See also:

• BUCHON, JEAN ALEXANDRE (1791-1849)

Buchon . To de Thou we also owe certain other See also:

• WORKS

works: a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise De re accipitraria (1784), a See also:

• LIFE

Life, in Latin, of Papyre See also:

• MASSON, DAVID (1822–1907)
• MASSON, LOUIS CLAUDE FREDERIC (1847– )

Masson, some Poemata sacra, &c . For his life may he consulted the recollections of him collected by the See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers Dupuy (Thuana, sire Excerpta J . A . Thuani per if . P . P., 1669; reprinted in the edition of 1733), and the See also:

• BIOGRAPHIES

biographies by J . A .

M . Collinson (The Life of Thuanus, 1807), and See also:

• DUNTZER, JOHANN HEINRICH JOSEPH (1813-1901)

Duntzer, (De Thou's Leben, 1837) . Finally, see Henry Harrisse, Le President de Thou et ses descendants, leur celbbre bibliothbque, leurs armoiries et la traduction francaise de J.A . Thuani Historiarum sui Temporis [sic] (1905) . (C .