THRONE  , a royal, viceregal, or episcopal See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state See also:

• STANDING

standing upon a See also:

• DAIS (Fr. dais, estrade, Ital. predella)

dais or See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform . Formerly the platform, with the steps leading up to it, was comprised in the significance of the word—hence the See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar expression to " See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

mount the throne." The ceremonial See also:

• INDUCTION (from Lat. inducere, to lead into; cf. Gr. ilrayu yli)

induction of a See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign into his throne is one of the usual solemnities of a See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation, while enthronization of the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop in his See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral is the final observance in the making of a diocesan . The throne, which is of immemorial antiquity, is the universal ancestor of all chairs, which were for See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long symbols of authority and See also:

• RULE

rule . In See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early days and in See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental countries thrones were of barbaric magnificence . See also:

• SOLOMON, ODES OF
• SOLOMON, PSALMS OF

Solomon's was of See also:

• IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)
• IVORY, SIR JAMES (1765-1842)

ivory " overlaid with the best See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold." There were two figures of lions at the sides, with two other lions on each of the six steps . The remains of a throne in See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock-crystal were found in the ruins of See also:

• SENNACHERIB (Ass. Sin-akhi-erba, " the Moon-god has increased the brethren ")

Sennacherib's See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace . The See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian throne made for Abbas the See also:

• GREAT

Great was of See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble . This monarch appears to have had a See also:

• NICE

nice See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste in thrones, for in 16o5 he presented one to the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• TSAR, or CZAR

tsar Boris which is covered with sheets of gold and decorated with See also:

• PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

precious stones and pearls . Tsar See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael Feodorovitch, grandfather of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter the Great, outdid even this magnificence, for his " See also:

• GOLDEN

golden throne" is set with eight thousand turquoises, fifteen See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred rubies, four great amethysts and two large topazes . One of the glories of See also:

• DELHI, DEHLI

Delhi, until it was sacked by See also:

• NADIR (Arabic nadir, " opposite to," used elliptically for nadir-es-semt, "opposite to the zenith ")

Nadir Shah, was the " See also:

• PEACOCK (Lat. Pavo, O. Eng. Pawe, Du. pauuw, Ger. Pfau, Fr. Paon)
• PEACOCK, GEORGE (1791–1858)
• PEACOCK, SIR BARNES (1810-189o)
• PEACOCK, THOMAS LOVE (1785-1866)

peacock throne," the vajue of which was estimated, perhaps with some Eastern exuberance, See also:

• BREAST (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. the Ger. Brust, possibly connected with an O. Sax. brustian, to bud)

breast, hopping over the grass for a few yards, then pausing to at twelve millions See also:

• STERLING
• STERLING, ANTOINETTE (d. 1904)
• STERLING, JOHN (1806-1844)

sterling . It was ascended by See also:

• SILVER

silver steps and detect the See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement of a See also:

• WORM

worm, and vigorously seizing the stood on golden feet set with jewels . It obtained its name from same a moment after, is one of the most familiar See also:

• SIGHTS

sights .

Hardly the two open peacocks' tails composed of magnificent diamonds, less well-known is the singular See also:

• NEST

nest built by this See also:

• BIRD

bird—a deep rubies, and other stones which formed See also:

• PART

part of its See also:

• APPURTENANCES (from late Lat. appertinentia, from appertinere, to appertain)

appurtenances. See also:

• CUP (in O.E. cuppe; generally taken to be from Late Lat. cuppa, a variant of Lat. cupa, a cask, cf. Gr. KuaeXXov)

cup, lined with a thin but stiff coating of fragments of rotten Apparently it was made for Shah Jahan by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French designer See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood, ingeniously spread, and plastered so as to See also:

• PRESENT

present a of the Taj Mahal . According to that veracious chronicler, smooth interior—in which its See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green eggs spotted with See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• MANDEVILLE, BERNARD DE (1670-1733)
• MANDEVILLE, GEOFFREY DE (d. 1144)

Mandeville, the seven steps of the throne of Prester are laid . An early breeder, it builds nest after nest during the John were respectively of See also:

• ONYX

onyx, crystal, green See also:

• JASPER

jasper, See also:

• AMETHYST

amethyst, See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season, and there can be few birds See also:

• MOLE
• MOLE, LOUIS MATHIEU, COMTE (1781—1855)
• MOLE, MATHIEU (1584—1656)

mole prolific . Its ravages See also:

• SARDONYX

sardonyx, cornelian and See also:

• CHRYSOLITE

chrysolite . They were bordered with on ripening fruits, especially strawberries and gooseberries, gold and set with pearls . The throne itself was of gold enriched excite the enmity of the imprudent gardener who leaves his with jewels . Ranjit Singh's golden throne—it is of wood crops unprotected by nets, but he would do well to stay the covered with plates of gold—is in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of revenge, for no bird can or does destroy so many snails, See also:

• CROWN

Crown . See also:

• EUROPEAN

European thrones were usually more modest in concep- as is testified to the curious observer on inspection of the stones tion and less barbaric in See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution than those, real or legendary, that it selects against which to dash its captures—stones that of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East . The See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval emperors of See also:

• BYZANTIUM

Byzantium had, how- are besmeared with the slime of the victims and bestrewn with ever, imbibed a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• DEAL

deal of the Orient, and their famous the fragments of their shattered shells . Nearly all the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young throne, which is supposed to have been imitated from, as well thrushes reared in the British Islands—and this expression as named after, that of Solomon, was guarded by golden lions, includes the See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm-swept isles of the See also:

• OUTER

Outer See also:

• HEBRIDES, THE, or WESTERN ISLES

Hebrides, though which See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to their feet and roared when some artful mechanism I not those of See also:

• SHETLAND, or ZETLAND

Shetland—seem to emigrate as, soon as they are was set in See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion . An exceedingly See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient chair of state is the so-called throne of Dagobert (see CHAIR) . The most See also:

• RECENT

recent writers on this remarkable relic suggest that it is a See also:

• BRONZE

bronze copy of Dagobert's golden throne .

However that, may be, there can be no doubt that it possesses at least one illustrious See also:

• MODERN

modern association, for See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon sat in it when he distributed the first decorations of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour in his See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp at See also:

• BOULOGNE, or BOULLONGNE

Boulogne in 1804 . The throne which Napoleo' had made for himself was a heavy gilded chair with an abundance of See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian See also:

• ORNAMENT (Lat. ornare, to adorn)

ornament, lions' heads and imperial eagles . One of the many curiosities of a See also:

• CONCLAVE (Lat. conclave, from cum, together, and clavis, a key)

conclave for the electing of a See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope is that every See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal present occupies a throne, since, during the vacancy of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See, each member of the Sacred See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College is a potential sovereign . When the See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election has taken See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place the See also:

• CANOPY (through Fr. canape, from Med. Lat. canapeum, classical conopeum, a mosquito curtain, Gr. K6v(.4, a gnat)

canopy of every throne is lowered, with the exception of that occupied by the new pontiff . The palaces of the great See also:

• ROMAN

Roman nobles contained—and still in some cases contain—a throne for use in the event of a visit from the pope . The papa] throne itself is an See also:

• ANTIQUE (Lat. antiquus, old)

antique bronze chair which stands in St Peter's . Embassies frequently contain a throne for the use of the sovereign in whose territory the See also:

• BUILDING

building technically stands . No ancient throne-chair pertains to the British See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy; the coronation chair is not, properly speaking, a throne, since it is used only during a portion of the coronation ceremonies . The actual throne of Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain is the oaken See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic chair in the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of Lords occupied by the sovereign at the opening and See also:

• PROROGATION

prorogation of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . THRUM-EYED, a botanical See also:

• TERM

term for See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers which occur in two forms, one of which shows the stamens in the mouth of the Corolla, as in the See also:

• PRIMROSE

primrose, contrasted with See also:

• PIN (a doublet with " pen " from Lat. pinna, feather, pinnacle, which is said to contain the same root as irirvs, pine tree, and properly to mean a sharp point or end)

pin-eyed (q.v.) .