See also:

• THRUSH (A. S. Prysce, Icel. priistr, Norw. Trast, O. H. Ger. Drosce, whence the mod. Ger. prossel, to be compared with the analogous English form Throstle,l now almost obsolete, both being apparently diminutives)

THRUSH (A. S. Prysce, Icel. priistr, Norw. Trast, O. H. Ger. Drosce, whence the mod. Ger. prossel, to be compared with the analogous See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form Throstle,l now almost obsolete, both being apparently diminutives)  , the name that in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England seems to have been See also:

• COMMON

common to two See also:

• SPECIES

species of birds, the first now generally distinguished as the See also:

• SONG

song-See also:

• THRUSH (A. S. Prysce, Icel. priistr, Norw. Trast, O. H. Ger. Drosce, whence the mod. Ger. prossel, to be compared with the analogous English form Throstle,l now almost obsolete, both being apparently diminutives)

thrush, but known in many districts as the mavis,2 the second called the mistletoe-thrush, but having many other See also:

• LOCAL

local designations, of which more presently . The former of these is one of the finest songsters in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, but it is almost everywhere so common that its merits in this respect are often disregarded, and not unfrequently its See also:

• MELODY (Gr. ,ueXw3ia, a choral song, from name, tune, and gi6i, song)

melody, when noticed, is ascribed to the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of feathered vocalists, the See also:

• NIGHTINGALE (O. Eng. Nihtegale, literally " singer of the night ")
• NIGHTINGALE, FLORENCE (1820–191o)

nightingale (q.v.) . In the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring and summer there is hardly a See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, a copse or a See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden that is not the resort of a pair or more of song-thrushes; and the See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown-backed See also:

• BIRD

bird with its spotted 1 For many interesting facts connected with the words " thrush " and " throstle " which cannot be entered upon here, the reader should consult See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor See also:

• SKEAT, WALTER WILLIAM (1835– )

Skeat's Etymological See also:

• DICTIONARY

Dictionary . 2 Cognate with the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French mauvis, though that is nowadays almost restricted to the See also:

• REDWING (Swed. Rodvinge, Dan. Roddrossel, Ger. Rotdrossel, Du. Koperwiek)

redwing . Its diminutive is mauviette, the See also:

• MODERN

modern table-name of the skylark, and perhaps mavis was in See also:

• ENGLISH

English originally the table-name of the thrush.See also:

• FIT

fit to See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey, and at a later See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period they are followed by most of their parents, so that many parts of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom are absolutely bereft of this species from See also:

• OCTOBER

October to the end of See also:

• JANUARY

January . On the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent of Europe the autumnal influx of the birds bred in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North is regarded with much See also:

• INTEREST

interest, for they are easily ensnared and justly esteemed for the table, while their See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers make their See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance in certain districts a See also:

• MATTER

matter of See also:

• GREAT

great importance . The second species to which the name applies is distinguished as the mistletoe-thrush, or, by corrupt See also:

• ABBREVIATION (Lat. brevis, short)

abbreviation, the misselthrush.3 It is known also in many districts as the " See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm-See also:

• COCK, EDWARD (1805-1892)

cock," from its See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of singing in squally See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather that silences almost all other birds, and " holm-(i.e. See also:

• HOLLY (Ilex Aquifolium)

holly-) thrush", ; while the harsh cries it utters when angry or alarmed have given it other local names, as " screech," " shrite" and " skrike," all traceable to the Anglo-Saxon Scric.4 This is a larger species than the last, of paler tints, and conspicuous in See also:

• FLIGHT

flight by the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white patches on its See also:

• OUTER

outer tail-feathers . Of bold disposition, and fearless of the sleety storms of spring, as of predatory birds, the cock will take his stand on a tall See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree, " like an enchanter calling up the See also:

• GALE
• GALE, THEOPHILUS (1628-1678)
• GALE, THOMAS (?1636-17o2)

gale " (as Knapp happily wrote), and thence with loud See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice proclaim in See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild and discontinuous notes the fervour of his love for his See also:

• MATE (a corruption of make, from O. Eng. gemaca, a " comrade ")
• MATE, or PARAGUAY TEA

mate; nor does that love cease when the breeding-See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season is past, since this species is one of those that appear to pair for See also:

• LIFE

life, and even when, later in the See also:

• YEAR

year, it gathers in small flocks, See also:

• HUSBAND

husband and wife may be seen in See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close See also:

• COMPANY

company . In See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of See also:

• NEST

nest and offspring, too, few birds are more resolute, and the daw, See also:

• PIE

pie or See also:

• JAY (Fr. geai)
• JAY, JOHN (1745-1829)
• JAY, WILLIAM (1769-1853)

jay that approaches with an See also:

• ILL

ill See also:

• INTENT (from Lat. intend ere, to stretch out, extend, particularly in the phrase intendere animum, to turn one's mind to, purpose)

intent speedily receives treatment that causes a rapid See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat, while even the marauding See also:

• CAT
• CAT, CIVET
• CAT, HOUSE

cat finds the precincts of the "See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the See also:

• COPPICE, or COPSE (from an O. Fr. copeis or coupeis, from Late Lat. colpare, to cut with a blow; colpas, the Late Lat. for "blow," is a shortened form of colapus or colaphus, adapted from the Gr. ,co)

coppice," (See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

Pen y liwyn), as the Welsh name this thrush, unsuitable for its stealthy operations . The connexion of this bird with the mistletoe, which is as old as the days of See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle, is no figment, as some have tried to maintain . Not only is it exceedingly fond of the luscious viscid berries, but it seems to be almost the only bird that will See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch them . The thrushes See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a distinct See also:

• FAMILY

family, Turdidae, of the Oscines See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of perching birds, and are now divided into five sub-families: (1) Turdinae, or true thrushes and their immediate See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies, the See also:

• OUSEL, or OUZEL

ousel (q.v.), the See also:

• FIELDFARE (O.E. fealo for=fallow-farer)

fieldfare (q.v.), the redwing (q.v.), the See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock-thrushes (Monticola), the wheatears, stonechats, whinchats (see See also:

• WHEATEAR

WHEATEAR), the redstarts (q.v.), See also:

• ROBINS, BENJAMIN (1707–1751)

robins (see See also:

• REDBREAST

REDBREAST), and 3 There is no doubt of the bird taking its name from the plant mistletoe (Viscum See also:

• ALBUM (Lat. albus, white)

album), about the spelling of which there can be no uncertainty—A .

S . Misteltan, the final syllable originally signifying twig," and surviving in the modern " tine," as of a See also:

• FORK (Lat. furca)

fork or of a See also:

• DEER (O. E. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf. Ger. Tier, Du. dier, &c., probably from a root dhus-, to breathe)
• DEER, CHINESE

deer's antler . 3It seems quite possible that the word See also:

• SHRIKE

shrike, though now commonly accepted as the See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent, in an ornithological sense, of Lanius, may have been originally applied to the mistletoe-thrush . In several of the Anglo-Saxon Vocabularies dating from the 8th to the 1 rth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, as printed by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• WRIGHT, CARROLL DAVIDSON (1840-1909)
• WRIGHT, CHAUNCEY (1830-1875)
• WRIGHT, JOSEPH (1734-1797)
• WRIGHT, SILAS (1795-1847)
• WRIGHT, THOMAS (1809–1884)
• WRIGHT, THOMAS (1810—1877)
• WRIGHT, WILLIAM ALDIS (1836– )

Wright, the word Scric, which can be hardly anything else than the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early form of "shrike," is glossed Turdus . hedge-sparrows (see See also:

• SPARROW (0. Eng. spearwa; Icel. sporr; O.H.G. Sparo)

SPARROW) . In these, as opposed to the warblers, the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young are spotted . (2) Myiodectinae, a small See also:

• GROUP

group, chiefly See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AMERICAN

American, with strong bristles See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the gape . (3) Sylviinae (see WARBLERS) . (4) Polioptilinae or See also:

• GNAT (0. Eng. gnat)

gnat-catchers of North and South See also:

• AMERICA

America . (5) Miminae or mocking-birds (q.v.) . The so-called " babbling-thrushes " which occur throughout the Old See also:

• WORLD

World are usually referred to a distinct family, the Timeliidae, characterized by strong bills and feet, and See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short, rounded and in-curved wings . The " See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

ant thrushes " belong to a different family (see See also:

• PITTA

PITTA) .

(A .