GUSTAVE ADOLPHE See also:

• GUSTAVE ADOLPHE THURET (1817-1875)

THURET (1817-1875)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French botanist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris on: the 23rd of May 1817 . He came of an old Huguenot See also:

• FAMILY

family, which had sought See also:

• REFUGE

refuge for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland after the revocation of the See also:

• EDICT (Lat. edictum, from e, out, and dicere, to say, speak)

Edict of See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes . A trace of Dutch See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence still persists in the See also:

• PRONUNCIATION (Lat. pronuntiatio, from pronuntiare, proclaim, announce, pronounce)

pronunciation of the family name in which the final t is sounded . See also:

• THURET, GUSTAVE ADOLPHE (1817-1875)

Thuret's See also:

• MOTHER

mother was brought up in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England; See also:

• ENGLISH

English was the first See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language that he learnt, and he appears to have retained strong sympathies with See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain throughout See also:

• LIFE

life . As a See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man he studiedfor the See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law; in his leisure time he was an ardent musician, and it was from a musical friend, de Villers, that he received, in 1837, his first See also:

• INITIATION (Lat. inilium, beginning, entrance, from mire, to go in)

initiation into See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany . Beginning simply as a See also:

• COLLECTOR

collector, he soon came under the influence of See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph Decaisne (1809-1882), whose See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil he became . It was Decaisne who first encouraged him to undertake those algological studies which were to become the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• WORK

work of his life . Thuret twice visited See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople in See also:

• COMPANY

company with the French See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador, M. de Pontois, and was for a time attache to the French See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy there . His See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic career, though of See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short duration, gave him a valuable opportunity of studying the See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental See also:

• FLORA

flora . After travelling in See also:

• SYRIA

Syria and See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt in the autumn of 1841, he returned to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . Giving up his intention of entering the See also:

• CIVIL

civil service, he retired to his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house at Rentilly, and thenceforth devoted himself to scientific See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research . He had already, in 184o, published his first scientific See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, " Notes sur 1'anthere de Chara et See also:

• LES

les animalcules qu'elle renferme," in which he first accurately described the See also:

• ORGANS

organs of See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion of the " animalcules " or spermatozoids of these See also:

• PLANTS

plants .

He continued his studies of the zoos-pores and male cells of See also:

• ALGAE

Algae and other Cryptogams, and our exact knowledge of these remarkable motile stages in See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable life is largely due to his labours . He spent a great See also:

• PART

part of his time, up to 1857, on the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of France, assiduously observing the marine Algae in their natural See also:

• HABITAT (a French word derived from habiter, Lat. habitare, to dwell)

habitat and at all seasons . In See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with his friend Edouard Bornet, he became the, recognized authority on this important See also:

• GROUP

group of plants, of which the two colleagues acquired an unrivalled knowledge . Their work, while remarkable for taxonomic accuracy, was more especially concentrated on the natural See also:

• HISTORY

history, development and modes of See also:

• REPRODUCTION

reproduction of the plants investigated . The See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of sexual reproduction in seaweeds is almost wholly the work of these two men . The researches on the fecundation of the Fucaceae were published by Thuret in 1853 and 1855; the complicated and difficult question of the sexual reproduction in Floridae was solved by the See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint work of Thuret and Bornet (1867) . These great discoveries--of, far-reaching biological significance—stand out as the chief, but every group of marine Algae was elucidated by the researches of Thuret and his colleague . There are few scientific authors whose work has so completely stood the test of subsequent investigation and See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism . Thuret's See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style in expounding his results was singularly clear and concise; he was a man of wide See also:

• EDUCATION

education, and possessed the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of expressing his ideas with See also:

• LITERARY

literary skill . Unfortunately, much of his best work remained unpublished during his life . A portion of the material accumulated by himself and his colleague was embodied in two magnificent See also:

• WORKS

works published after his See also:

• DEATH

death—the Notes algologiques (1876-188o), and the still finer Etudes phycologiques (1878) . These volumes, as well as earlier See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs, are illustrated by drawings of unequalled accuracy and beauty from the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of the artist Riocreux, whom Thuret employed .

In 18$7 Thuret removed to See also:

• ANTIBES

Antibes on the Mediterranean coast, where, on a once barren promontory, he established a botanic See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden which became famous throughout the scientific See also:

• WORLD

world . Since his death the Antibes See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment has been placed at the disposal of botanical workers as an See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

institute for research . Thuret died suddenly, while on a visit to See also:

• NICE

Nice, on the loth of May 1875, when he had scarcely completed his fifty-eighth See also:

• YEAR

year . He was a man of considerable See also:

• WEALTH

wealth, who devoted his See also:

• MONEY

money as freely as his time and labour to the See also:

• ADVANCEMENT

advancement of See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science, but his high reputation rests on the brilliancy of his See also:

• PERSONAL

personal investigations . The best and fullest See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Thuret's career is that by his friend and See also:

• FELLOW

fellow worker Bornet, published in the Annales See also:

• DES

des sciences naturelles for 1876 . An English See also:

• NOTICE

notice of his life, by See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

Professor W . G . Farlow, will be found in the See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal of Botany for the same year . (D . H .