See also:

• MARQUIS

MARQUIS AND See also:

• MARQUIS AND TIGNES

TIGNES  Duc DE See also:

• VILLARS, CLAUDE LOUIS HECTOR DE, PRINCE DE

VILLARS AND VICOMTE DE See also:

• MELUN

MELUN (1653-1734), See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, one of the greatest generals of See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• HISTORY

history, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• MOULINS

Moulins on the 8th of May 1653, and entered the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army through the See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps of pages in 1671 . He served in the See also:

• LIGHT

light See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry in the Dutch See also:

• WARS

wars, and distinguished himself by his daring and resourcefulness . But in spite of a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of excellent service under See also:

• TURENNE, HENRI DE LA TOUR

Turenne, See also:

• CONDE
• CONDE, LOUIS DE BOURBON, PRINCE
• CONDE, LOUIS II
• CONDE, PRINCES OF

Conde and Luxembourg, and of his aristocratic See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, his promotion was but slow, for he had incurred the enmity of the powerful See also:

• LOUVOIS, FRANCOIS MICHEL LE TELLIER, MARQUIS DE (1641–1691)

Louvois, and although he had been proprietary See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel (mestre de See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp) of a cavalry See also:

• REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule, govern, direct)

regiment since 1674, thirteen years elapsed before he was made a marechal de camp . In the See also:

• INTERVAL

interval between the Dutch wars and the formation of the See also:

• LEAGUE

League of See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg, Villars, who combined with his military gifts the tact and subtlety of the diplomatist, was employed in an unofficial See also:

• MISSION

mission to the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria, and there became the See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion of the elector, with whom he took the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field against the See also:

• TURKS

Turks and fought at See also:

• MOHACS

Mohacs . He returned to France in 1690 and was given a command in the cavalry of the army in See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders, but towards the end of the See also:

• GRAND

Grand See also:

• ALLIANCE

Alliance See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War he went to See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna as See also:

• AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador . His See also:

• PART

part in the next war (see See also:

• SPANISH

SPANISH See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

SUCCESSION WAR), beginning with Friedlingen (1702) and Hochstett (1703) and ending with See also:

• DENAIN

Denain (1712), has made him immortal . For Friedlingen he received the marshalate, and for the pacification of the insurgent See also:

• CEVENNES (Lat. Cebenna or Gebenna)

Cevennes the See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

Saint-Esprit See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order and the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke . Friedlingen and Hochstett were barren victories, and the See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of which they formed part records of lost opportunities . Villars's See also:

• GLORY (through the O. Fr. glorie, modern gloire, from Lat. gloria, cognate with Gr. KXebs, abets)

glory thus begins with the See also:

• YEAR

year 1709 when France, apparently help-less, was roused to a See also:

• GREAT

great effort of self-See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence by the exorbitant demands of the See also:

• COALITION (Lat. coalitio, the verbal substantive of coalescere, to grow together)

Coalition . In that year he was called to command the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main army opposing See also:

• EUGENE

Eugene and See also:

• MARLBOROUGH
• MARLBOROUGH, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• MARLBOROUGH, JOHN CHURCHILL, 1ST DUKE OF (1650-1722)

Marlborough on the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern frontier . During the See also:

• FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine of the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter he shared the soldiers' miserable rations . When the See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign opened the old Marshal Boufliers volunteered to serve under him, and after the terrible See also:

• BATTLE

battle of See also:

• MALPLAQUET

Malplaquet (q.v.), in which he was gravely wounded, he was able to tell the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king: " If it please See also:

• GOD

God to give your See also:

• MAJESTY (Fr. majeste; Lat. majestas, grandeur, greatness, from the base mag-, as in magnus, great, major, greater, &c.)

majesty's enemies another such victory, they are ruined." Two more campaigns passed without a battle and with scarcely any advance on the part of the invaders, but at last Marlborough manoeuvred Villars out of the famous Ne plus ultra lines, and the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the defence seemed to be broken .

But See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis made a last effort, the See also:

• ENGLISH

English contingent and its great See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader were withdrawn from the enemy's camp, and Villars, though still suffering from his Malplaquet wounds, outmanceuvred and decisively defeated Eugene in the battle of Denain . This victory saved France, though the war dragged on for another year on the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine, where Villars took See also:

• LANDAU

Landau, led the stormers at See also:

• FREIBURG

Freiburg and negotiated the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• RASTATT

Rastatt with See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Eugene . He played a conspicuous part in the politics of the Regency See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period as the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal opponent of See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal See also:

• DUBOIS
• DUBOIS, FRANCOIS CLEMENT THEODORE (1837– )
• DUBOIS, GUILLAUME (1656–1723)
• DUBOIS, JEAN ANTOINE (1765-1848)
• DUBOIS, PAUL (1829-1905)
• DUBOIS, PIERRE (c. 1250-c. 1312)

Dubois, and only the memories of See also:

• MONTMORENCY
• MONTMORENCY, ANNE
• MONTMORENCY, MATHIEU JEAN FELICITE DE

Montmorency's See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion prevented his being made See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable of France . He took the field for the last See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in the War of the See also:

• POLISH

Polish Succession (1734), with the title " marshal-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the king's armies," that Turenne alone had held before him . But he was now over eighty years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, and the war was more See also:

• DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic than See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest, and after opening the campaign with all the See also:

• FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire and restless See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy of his youth he died at See also:

• TURIN

Turin on the 17th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1734 . Villars's See also:

• MEMOIRS

memoirs show us a " fanfaron plein d'honneur," as See also:

• VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE (1694–1778)

Voltaire calls him . He was indeed boastful, with the gasconading See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of his native See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province, and also covetous of honours and See also:

• WEALTH

wealth . But he was an See also:

• HONOURABLE (Fr. honorable, from Lat. honorabilis, worthy of honour)

honourable See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of high courage, moral and See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical, and a soldier who stands above all his contemporaries and successors in the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, on the same height as Marlborough and See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick . The memoirs, part of which was published in 1734 and afterwards several times republished in untrustworthy versions, were for the first time completely edited by the See also:

• MARQUIS

Marquis de See also:

• VOGUE, EUGENE MELCHIOR, COMTE DE (1848- )

Vogue in 1884-92 .