See also:

• TIMOR
• TIMOR (Timur i Leng, the lame Timur)

TIMOR (Timur i Leng, the lame Timur)  , commonly known as, TAMERLANE, the renowned See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental conqueror, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1336 at Kesh, better known as Shahr-i-Sabz, " the See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city," situated some so m. See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• SAMARKAND

Samarkand in Transoxiana . His See also:

• FATHER

father Teragai was See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the tribe of Berlas . See also:

• GREAT

Great-See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of Karachar Nevian (See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of Jagatai, son of Jenghiz See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

Khan, and See also:

• COMMANDER

commander-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of his forces), and distinguished among his See also:

• FELLOW

fellow-clansmen as the first convert to Islamism, Teragai might have assumed the high military See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank which See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell to him by right of See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance; but like his father Burkul he preferred a See also:

• LIFE

life of retirement and study . Under the paternal See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye the See also:

• EDUCATION

education of See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young Timur was such that at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty he had not only become an See also:

• ADEPT (if used as a substantive pronounced adept, if as an adjective adept; from Lat. adeptus, one who has Attained)

adept in manly outdoor exercises but had earned the reputation of being an attentive reader of the See also:

• KORAN

Koran . At this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, if we may See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit the See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs (Malfufat), he exhibited proofs of a See also:

• TENDER

tender and sympathetic nature . About 1358, however, he came before the See also:

• WORLD

world as a See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of armies . His career for the next ten or eleven years may be thus briefly summarized from the Memoirs . Allying himself both in cause and by See also:

• FAMILY

family connexion with See also:

• KURGAN

Kurgan, the dethroner and destroyer of Kazan, chief of the western Jagatai, he was deputed to invade See also:

• KHORASAN, or KHORASSAN (i.e. " land of the sun ")

Khorasan at the head of a thousand See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse . This was the second warlike expedition in which he was the chief actor, and the accomplishment of its See also:

• OBJECTS

objects led to further operations, among them the subjection of Khwarizm and Urganj . After the See also:

• MURDER

murder of Kurgan the contentions which arose among the many claimants to See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power were arrested by the invasion of Toghluk Timur of See also:

• KASHGAR

Kashgar, a descendant of Jenghiz . Timftr was despatched on a See also:

• MISSION

mission to the invader's See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp, the result of which was his own See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment to the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of Mawara-'Inahr (Transoxiana) . By the See also:

• DEATH

death of his father he was also See also:

• LEFT

left hereditary head of the Berlas .

The exigencies of his quasi-sovereign position compelled him to have recourse to his formidable See also:

• PATRON

patron, whose reappearance on the See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks of the Sihon created a consternation not easily allayed . Mawara'lnahr was taken from See also:

• TIMOR
• TIMOR (Timur i Leng, the lame Timur)

Timor and entrusted to a son of Toghluk; but he was defeated in See also:

• BATTLE

battle by the bold See also:

• WARRIOR

warrior he had replaced at the head of a numerically far inferior force . Toghluk's death facilitated the See also:

• WORK

work of reconquest, and a few years of perseverance and See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy sufficed for its accomplishment, as well as for the addition of a vast extent of territory . During this period Timur and his See also:

• BROTHER

brother-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, Hosain—at first fellow-fugitives and wanderers in See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint adventures full of See also:

• INTEREST

interest and See also:

• ROMANCE

romance—became rivals and antagonists . At the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of 1369 ffosain was assassinated and Timur, having been formally proclaimed sovereign at See also:

• BALKH

Balkh, mounted the See also:

• THRONE

throne at Samarkand, the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of his dominions . The next See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years or so were spent in various See also:

• WARS

wars and expeditions . Timur not only consolidated his See also:

• RULE

rule at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home by the subjection of See also:

• INTESTINE (Lat. intestinus, internal, usually in neuter plural intestina. from intus, within)

intestine foes, but sought See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of territory by encroachments upon the lands of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign potentates . His conquests to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west and See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-west led him among the See also:

• MONGOLS

Mongols of the See also:

• CASPIAN

Caspian and to the banks of the Ural and the See also:

• VOLGA (known to the Tatars as Etil, Jill or Atel; to the Finnish tribes as Rau, and to the ancients as Rha and Oarus)

Volga; 1 The pastorals in this aspect are closer to Clemens See also:

• ROMANUS

Romanus than to See also:

• IGNATIUS ('Iyvfrior)

Ignatius.those to the south and south-west comprehended almost every See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province in See also:

• PERSIA

Persia, including See also:

• BAGDAD, or BAGHDAD

Bagdad, .. See also:

• KERBELA

Kerbela and See also:

• KURDISTAN

Kurdistan . One of the most formidable of his opponents was Toktarnish, who after having been a refugee at the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of Timor became ruler both of the eastern Kipchak and the See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden See also:

• HORDE

Horde, and quarrelled with Timor over the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of Khwarizm . It was not until 1395 that the power of Toktaxnish was finally broken (see MONGOLS; GOLDEN HORDE) . In 1398, when Timor was more than sixty years of age, Farishta tells us that, " informed of the commotions and See also:

• CIVIL

civil wars of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India," he began his expedition into that See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country," and on the 12th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September " arrived on the banks of the See also:

• INDUS

Indus." His passage of the See also:

• RIVER

river and upward See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march along the left See also:

• BANK

bank, the reinforcement he provided for his grandson Pir Mahommed (who was invested in See also:

• MULTAN, or MOOLTAN

Multan), the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of towns or villages accompanied, it might be, with destruction of the houses and the See also:

• MASSACRE

massacre of the inhabitants, the battle before See also:

• DELHI, DEHLI

Delhi and the easy victory, the triumphal entry into the doomed city, with its outcome of horrors—all these circumstance$ belong to the See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals of India .

In See also:

• APRIL

April 1399, some three months after quitting the capital of Mahmud Toghluk, Timur was back in his own capital beyond the See also:

• OXUS

Oxus . It need scarcely be added that an immense quantity of spoil was conveyed away . According to See also:

• CLAVIJO, RUY GONZALEZ DE (d. 1412)

Clavijo, ninety captured elephants were employed merely to carry stones from certain quarries to enable the conqueror to erect a See also:

• MOSQUE (through Fr. mosquie; Span. mezquila, from Arab. masjid, sajada, to adore)

mosque at Samarkand . The See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with the See also:

• TURKS

Turks and Egyptians which succeeded the return from India was rendered notable by the capture of See also:

• ALEPPO (native Haleb)

Aleppo and See also:

• DAMASCUS

Damascus, and especially by the defeat and imprisonment of See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan Bayezid I . (see See also:

• TURKEY

TURKEY: See also:

• HISTORY

History, and E:,vPT History, See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan period), This, was Timor's last See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign . Another was projected against See also:

• CHINA

China, but the old warrior was attacked by, See also:

• FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever and See also:

• AGUE (from Lat. acuta, sharp; sc. febris, fever)

ague when encamped on the farther See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the Sihon (Syr-Daria) and died at Atrar (Otrar) on the 17th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 14.05 . See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

Mark-See also:

• HAM

ham, in his introduction to the narrative of Clavijo's See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy, states that his See also:

• BODY

body " was embalmed with See also:

• MUSK (Med. Lat. muscus, late Gr. µbvXos, possibly Pers. mushk, from Sansk. mushka, the scrotum)

musk and See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose See also:

• WATER

water, wrapped in See also:

• LINEN

linen, laid in an See also:

• EBONY (Gr. E(3evos)

ebony See also:

• COFFIN (from Lat. cophinus, Gr. K64wos, a coffer, chest or basket, but never meaning " coffin " in its present sense)

coffin and sent to Samarkand, where it was buried." Timur had carried his victorious arms on one side from the Irtish and the Volga to the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian Gulf and on the other from the See also:

• HELLESPONT (i.e. " Sea of Helle "; variously named in classical literature `EXX oirov-ros, o "EXXns a6vros, Hellespontum Pelagus, and Rectum Hellesponticum)

Hellespont to the See also:

• GANGES (GANGA)

Ganges . Timor's generally recognized biographers are—'See also:

• ALI

Ali 'Yazdi, commonly called Sharifu d-Din, author of the Persian Zafar . Hama, translated by Petis de la Croix in 1722, and from See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French into See also:

• ENGLISH

English by J . Darby in the following See also:

• YEAR

year; and Ahmad See also:

• IBN

ibn Mohammed ibn Abdallah, al Dimashki, al 'Ajmi, commonly called Ibn 'Arabshah, author of the Arabic 'AJaibu Makklnkt t, translated by the Dutch Orientalist Golitis In 1636 . In the work of the former, as See also:

• SIR

Sir' See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones remarks, " the Tartarianconqueror is represented as a liberal, benevolent and illustrious See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince '; in that of the latter he is ' deformed and impious, of a See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth and detestable principles." But the favourable See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account was written under the See also:

• PERSONAL

personal supervision of TimiUr's grandson, See also:

• IBRAHIM

Ibrahim, while the other was the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of his direst enemy . Few in-See also:

• DEED (in O. Eng. dead, from the stem of the verb " to do ")

deed, if any, See also:

• ORIGINAL

original annals of this class are written otherwise than to See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, under patronage, or to serve a purpose to which truth is secondary .

Among less reputed See also:

• BIOGRAPHIES

biographies or materials for See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography may be mentioned a second Zafarnama, by Nlavlana Nizamu 'd-Din Shanab Ghazani (See also:

• NIZAM

Nizam Shami), stated to be " the earliest known history of Timur, and the only one written in his lifetime "; and vol. i. of the Matla'u's-Sa'dain—a choice Persian MS. work of 1495—introduced to Orientalists in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe by See also:

• HAMMER, FRIEDRICH JULIUS (1810-1862)

Hammer, Jahrbucher, Dorn and (notably) See also:

• QUATREMERE, ETIENNE MARC (1782-1857)

Quatremere . There are also the Memoirs (Malfitsat) and Institutes (Tuzukat), of which an important See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section is styled Designs and Enterprises (Tadbirat we Kangashaha) . Upon the genuineness of these doubt has been thrown . The circumstance of their alleged See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery and presentation to Shah Jahan in 1637 was of itself open to suspicion . See also:

• ALHAZEN (ABU ALI AL-HASAN IBN ALHASAN)

Alhazen, quoted by See also:

• PURCHAS, SAMUEL (1575?-1626)

Purchas in his See also:

• QUAINT (O. Fr. cointe, from Lat. cognitus, known, probably influenced by association with Lat. corn plus, neat)

quaint See also:

• NOTICE

notice of Timur and referred to by Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• MALCOLM
• MALCOLM, SIR JOHN (1769-1833)

Malcolm, can hardly be accepted as a serious authority . His assumed memoir was printed for English readers in 1597 by William See also:

• PONSONBY, JOHN (1713-1789)

Ponsonby under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of a Historie of the Great See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

Emperor Tamerlan, See also:

• DRAWN

drawn from the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient monuments by Messire See also:

• JEAN

Jean du Bec, See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

Abbot of See also:

• MORTIMER (Family)

Mortimer; and another version of the same See also:

• BOOK

book is to be found in the Histoire du See also:

• GRAND

Grand Tamerlan, by De Sainctyon, published at See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam in 1678 . But, although the existence of this Alhazen of Jean de Bec has been believed by many, the more trustworthy critics consider the history and historian to be equally fictitious . Reference may be made to two more See also:

• SOURCES

sources of See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information . (1) Supposed likenesses of Timar are to be found in books and in the splendid collection of Oriental See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts and drawings in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum . One contained in the Shah Jahan Mama —a gorgeous specimen of illuminated Persian See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript and exquisite calligraphy—represents a most See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary, See also:

• MIDDLE

middle-aged Oriental, with narrow See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• WHISKER

whisker fringing the cheek and See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting the tip of the See also:

• CHIN

chin in a scanty, pointed See also:

• BEARD (A.S. beard, O. H. and Mod. Ger. Bart, Dan. beard, Icel. bar, rim, edge, beak of a ship, &c., O. Slay. barda, Russ. barodd. Cf. Welsh barf, Lat.. barba, though, according to the New English Dictionary, the connexion is for phonetic reasons doubtful)
• BEARD, WILLIAM HOLBROOK (1825-1900)

beard; a thin See also:

• MOUSTACHE, or MUSTACHIO

moustache sweeps in a semicircle from above the upper See also:

• LIP (a word common in various forms, to Teutonic languages, cf Ger. Lippe, Dan. laebe; Lat. labium is cognate)

lip; the eyebrow over the See also:

• ALMOND (from the O. Fr. almande or alemande, late Lat. amandola, derived through a form amingdola from the Gr. l uybian, an almond; the al- for a- is probably due to a confusion with the Arabic article al, the word having first dropped the a- as in the It

almond-shaped eye is marked but not bushy . But it were vain to seek for an expression of See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius in the countenance . Another portrait is included in a set of sketches by native artists, some of which, taken probably from life, show great care and cleverness .

Timar is here displayed as a stoutish, See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long-bodied See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, below the middle-height, in age and feature not unlike the first portrait, but with thicker and more straggling See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair, and distincter, though not more agreeable See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character in the facial expression, yet not a sign of power, genius, or any elements of grandeur or celebrity . The uncomfortable figure in the Bodleian Library does not give much help . Sir John Malcolm has been at some pains to invest his portrait of Timur with individuality . But an See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis of his results leaves the reader in more perplexity than See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction at the See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of information imparted, and he reverts insensibly to the sources from which his instructor has himself been instructed . (2) As regards plays, in See also:

• MARLOWE, CHRISTOPHER (1564-1593)
• MARLOWE, JULIA [SARAH FRANCES FROST] (1870– )

Marlowe's Tamburlaine Timar is described as tall of stature, straightly fashioned, large of See also:

• LIMB

limb, having See also:

• JOINTS

joints strongly knit, long and sinewy arms, a breadth of shoulders to " See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear old See also:

• ATLAS

Atlas's See also:

• BURDEN, or BURTHEN

burden," See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale of complexion, and with " See also:

• AMBER

amber hair wrapp'd in curls." The outline of this description might be from Sharifu 'd-Din, while the See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours are the poet's own . A Latin memoir of Tamerlane by Perondinus, printed in 1600, entitled Magni Tamerlanis scytharum imperatorss vita, describes Timar as tall and bearded, broad-chested and broad-shouldered, well-built but lame, of a fierce countenance and with receding eyes, which See also:

• EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty and strike terror into the lookers-on . But Jean du Bec's account of Timar's See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance is quite different . Now Tamburlaine was written in 1586 . The first English See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of Jean du Bec is dated in 1595, the Life by Perondinus in 1600, and Petis de la Croix did not introduce Sharifu 'd-Din or 'Ali Yazdi to See also:

• EUROPEAN

European readers till 1722 . The dramatist must have heard of Timar in other quarters, equally reliable it may be with those available in the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage of Oriental See also:

• RESEARCH (O. Fr. recerche, from recercher, re- and cercer, mod. chercher, to search; Late Lat. circare, to go round in a circle, to explore)

research . At the beginning of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century Tinian was represented in Rowe's Tamerlane as a See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model of valour and virtue . The See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot, however, has little to do with history, and is improbable and void of interest .

By See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory See also:

• LEWIS, HENRY CARVILL
• LEWIS, JOHN FREDERICK (180 1876)
• LEWIS, MATTHEW GREGORY (1775-1818)
• LEWIS, MERIWETHER (1774-1809)
• LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART

Lewis again " Timour " is depicted, as the conventional See also:

• TYRANT (Gr. r6pavvos, master, ruler)

tyrant of a gorgeous See also:

• MELODRAMA (a coined word from Gr. µEXos, music, and Spaµa, action)

melodrama, slaying, burning, slaughtering and committing every possible atrocity until checked by a violent death and a poetical See also:

• CLIMAX, JOHN (c. 525–600 A.D.)

climax . Apart from See also:

• MODERN

modern European savants and historians, and the more strictly Oriental chroniclers who have written in Persian, See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish or Arabic, the following authorities may be cited—Laonicus Chalcondylas, Joannes Leunclavius, Joachimus See also:

• CAMERARIUS, JOACHIM (1500-1574)
• CAMERARIUS, JOACHIM (1534-1598)
• CAMERARIUS, RUDOLF JAKOB (1665–1721)

Camerarius, Petrus Perondinus, Lazaro Soranzo, See also:

• SIMON, ABRAHAM (1622-1692)
• SIMON, JULES FRANCOIS (1814–1896)
• SIMON, RICHARD (1638–1712)
• SIMON, SIR JOHN (1816–1904)
• SIMON, THOMAS (c. 1623-1665)

Simon Mairlus, Matthew Michiovius . A See also:

• SCORE (O.E. scor, from sceran, to cut, notch, cf. " shear ")

score or so of other names are given by See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel Purchas . See also Sir Clements See also:

• MARKHAM, GERVASE (or JERVIS) (1568?-1637)
• MARKHAM, MRS
• MARKHAM, SIR CLEMENTS ROBERT (183o- )
• MARKHAM, WILLIAM (1719-1807)

Markham's Clavijo, in the See also:

• HAKLUYT, RICHARD (c. 1553—1616)

Hakluyt Society's publications; See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White's edition of See also:

• DAVY, SIR HUMPHRY

Davy's translation of the Institutes (1783); See also:

• STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
• STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
• STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
• STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
• STEWART, J
• STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
• STEWART, JULIUS L
• STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
• STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
• STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
• STEWART, STUART
• STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)

Stewart's translation of the MalfuTat; Malcolm's History of Persia; and Trans . See also:

• ROY, WILLIAM (1726-1790)

Roy . See also:

• SOC

Soc . (1885) ; See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

Horn, " Gesch . Ians in See also:

• ISLAM

islam . Zeit," in Geiger and See also:

• KUHN, FRANZ FELIX ADALBERT (1812–1881)

Kuhn, Grundr. der iranisch . Philol . (1904); See also:

• WORKS

works quoted, s.v . MONGOLS .

(F . J .