See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

MATTHEW See also:

• MATTHEW TINDAL (d. 1733)

TINDAL (d. 1733)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English deist, the son of a clergyman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• BEER

Beer See also:

• FERRERS
• FERRERS, LAURENCE SHIRLEY, 4TH EARL (1720-1760)

Ferrers (Ferris), See also:

• DEVONSHIRE (DEvoN)
• DEVONSHIRE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Devonshire, probably in 1653 . He studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law at See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, under the high churchman See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• HICKES, GEORGE (1642-1715)

Hickes, See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

dean of See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester; in 1678 he was elected See also:

• FELLOW

fellow of All Souls College . About 1685 he saw " that upon his High See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church notions a separation from the Church of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome could not Jee justified," and accordingly he joined the latter . But discerning " the absurdities of popery," he returned to the Church of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England at See also:

• EASTER

Easter x688 . His See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• WORKS

works were an See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

Essay of Obedience to the Supreme See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

Powers (1694); an Essay on the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

Power of the See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

Magistrate and the Rights of Mankind in Matters of See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion (1697) ; and The See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

Liberty of the See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

Press (1698) . The first of his two larger works, The Rights of the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian Church associated against the Romish and all other priests who claim an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent power over it, pt. i., appeared anonymously in 1706 (2nd ed., 1706; 3rd, 1707; 4th, 1709) . The See also:

• BOOK

book was regarded in its See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day as a forcible See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the Erastian theory of the supremacy of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state over the Church, and at once provoked See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism and abuse . After several attempts to proscribe the See also:

• WORK

work had failed, a See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case against the author, publisher and printer succeeded on the 12th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1707, and another against a bookseller for selling a copy the next day . The See also:

• PROSECUTION

prosecution did not prevent the issue of a See also:

• FOURTH

fourth edition and gave the author the opportunity of issuing A Defence of the Rights of the Christian Church, in two parts (2nd ed., 1709) . The book was, by See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House. of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons, burned, along with See also:

• SACHEVERELL, HENRY (1674-1724)
• SACHEVERELL, W
• SACHEVERELL, WILLIAM (1638-1691)

Sacheverell's. See also:

• SERMON (Lat. sermo, a discourse)

sermon, by the See also:

• COMMON

common hangman (1710) . It continued to be the subject of denunciation for years, and See also:

• TINDAL, MATTHEW (d. 1733)

Tindal believed he was charged by Dr See also:

• GIBSON, CHARLES DANA (1867- )
• GIBSON, EDMUND (1669-1748)
• GIBSON, JOHN (1790-1866)
• GIBSON, THOMAS MILNER (1806-1884)
• GIBSON, WILLIAM HAMILTON (1850-1896)

Gibson, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• LONDON

London, in a See also:

• PASTORAL (from Lat. pastor, a shepherd)

Pastoral See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

Letter, with having undermined religion and promoted See also:

• ATHEISM (from Gr. as, privative, and Oebs, God)

atheism and infidelity—a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge to which he replied in the See also:

• ANONYMOUS

anonymous See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract, An Address to the Inhabitants of London and See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster, a second and larger edition of which appeared in 1730 . In this tract2 he makes a valiant defence of the deists, and anticipates 2 A Second Address to the Inhabitants, &c., with replies to some of the critics of that book, bears the same date (1730), though some of the works it refers to appeared in 1731 .

here and there his See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity as Old as the Creation; or, the See also:

• GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

Gospel a Republication of the Religion of Nature (London, 1730, 2nd ed., 1731; 3rd, 1732; 4th, 1933), which was regarded as the " See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible " of See also:

• DEISM (Lat. dens, god)

deism . It was really only the first See also:

• PART

part of the whole work, and the second, though written and entrusted in See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

manuscript to a friend, never saw the See also:

• LIGHT

light . The work evoked many replies, of which the ablest were by See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• FOSTER, GEORGE EULAS (1847– )
• FOSTER, JOHN (177o-1843)
• FOSTER, MYLES BIRKET (1825-1899)
• FOSTER, SIR CLEMENT LE NEVE (1841-1904)
• FOSTER, SIR MICHAEL (1836-r9o7)
• FOSTER, STEPHEN COLLINS (1826-1864)

Foster (1730), See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• CONYBEARE, WILLIAM DANIEL (1787–1857)
• CONYBEARE, WILLIAM JOHN (1815–1857)

Conybeare (1732), John See also:

• LELAND (LEYLAND Or LAYLONDE), JOHN (c. 1506-1552)
• LELAND, CHARLES GODFREY (1824-1903)
• LELAND, JOHN (1691–1766)

Leland (1933) and Bishop See also:

• BUTLER
• BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
• BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
• BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
• BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
• BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
• BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
• BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
• BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
• BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
• BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)

Butler (1736) . It was translated into See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German by J . Lorenz See also:

• SCHMIDT, H
• SCHMIDT, HEINRICH JULIAN (1818-1886)
• SCHMIDT, KARL VON (1817-1875)
• SCHMIDT, WILHELM ADOLF (1812-1887)

Schmidt (1741), and from it See also:

• DATES

dates the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of English deism on German See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . Tindal had probably adopted the principles it expounds before he wrote his essay of 1697 . He claimed the name of " Christian deist," holding that true Christianity is identical with the eternal religion of nature . He died at Oxford on the 16th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1733• The religious See also:

• SYSTEM

system expounded in Christianity as Old as the Creation, unlike the earlier system of See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• HERBERT (FAMILY)
• HERBERT, GEORGE (1593-1633)
• HERBERT, HENRY WILLIAM
• HERBERT, SIR THOMAS (1606-1682)

Herbert of Cherbury, was based on the empirical principles of See also:

• LOCKE, GOTTFRIED CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH (1791–1855)
• LOCKE, JOHN (1632-1704)
• LOCKE, MATTHEW (c. 1630-1677)

Locke . It assumed the traditional deistic antitheses of See also:

• EXTERNAL

external and See also:

• INTERNAL

internal, See also:

• POSITIVE (or PORTABLE) ORGAN

positive and natural, revelations and religions, and perpetuated at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the prevalent misconceptions as to the nature of religion and See also:

• REVELATION, BOOK OF

revelation . The system was worked out by the a priori method, with an all but See also:

• TOTAL

total disregard of the facts of religious See also:

• HISTORY

history . It starts from the assumptions that true religion must, from the nature of See also:

• GOD

God and things, be eternal, universal, See also:

• SIMPLE

simple and perfect; that this religion can consist of nothing but the simple and universal duties towards God and See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, the first consisting in the fulfilment of the second—in other words, the practice of morality . The author's moral system, somewhat confused and inconsistent, is essentially utilitarian .

True revealed religion is simply a republication of the religion of nature or See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason, and Christianity, if it is the perfect religion; can only be that republication, and must be as old as creation . The See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• MISSION

mission of Christianity, therefore, is simply to deliver men from the superstition which had perverted the religion of nature . True Christianity must be a perfectly " reasonable service," reason must be supreme, and the Scriptures as well as all religious doctrines must submit ; only those writings can be regarded as divine Scripture which tend to the See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of God and the See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good of man . The strength of Tindal's position was the conviction of the essential See also:

• HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

harmony between man's religious and rational nature . Its weakness from the standpoint of See also:

• MODERN

modern theology was that, like the whole religious See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy of the time, it was founded on a misconception of religion and revelation, and on a disregard of the course of man's religious development . See works quoted under DEISM .