TISIO (or Tisi), BENVENUTO (1481-1559)  , commonly called Il Garofalo, Italian painter of the Ferrarese school, was born in • See his Reise in den Orient (Leipzig, 1845–1846) . z The MSS. brought to Europe on the first two journeys are catalogued in the Anecdota sacra et profana (Leipzig, 1855, enlarged 1861) . See also the Monumenta sacra inedita (Leipzig, 1846), and Nova collectio of the same (1855–1869) . The 3rd volume of the Nova collectio gives the results of his last Eastern journey . 3 The prolegomena remained unfinished at his death, and have been supplied by C . R . Gregory (cf. his Textkritik des Neuen Testamentes, vol. i., 1900) . - 1481 at Garofolo, in the Ferrarese territory, and constantly used the gillyflower (garofalo) as a symbol with which to sign his pictures . He took to drawing in childhood, and was put to study under Domenico Panetti (or Laneto), and afterwards at Cremona under his maternal uncle Niccolo Soriani, a painter who died in 1499; he also frequented the school of Boccaccio Boccaccino . He stayed fifteen months with Giovanni Baldini in Rome, acquiring a solid style of draughtsmanship, and was two years with Lorenzo Costa at Mantua . He then entered the service of the marquis Francesco Gonzaga . Afterwards he went to Ferrara, and worked there four years .

Attracted by

Raphael's fame, and invited by a Ferrarese gentleman, Geronimo Sagrato, he again removed to Rome, and found the great painter very amicable; here he stayed two years, rendering some assistance in the Vatican frescoes . From Rome family affairs recalled him to Ferrara; there Duke Alphonso I. commissioned him to execute paintings, along with the Dossi, in the Villa di Belriguardo and in other palaces . Thus the style of Tisio partakes of the Lombard, the Roman and the Venetian modes . He painted extensively in Ferrara, both in oil and in fresco, two of his principal works being the " Massacre of the Innocents " (1519), in the church of S . Francesco, and the " Betrayal of Christ " (1524), accounted his masterpiece . For the former he made clay models for study and a lay figure, and executed everything from nature . He continued constantly at work until in 1550 blindness overtook him, painting on all feast-days in monasteries for the love of God . He had married at the age of forty-eight, and died at Ferrara on the 6th (or 16th) of September 1559, leaving two children . Garofalo combined sacred inventions with some very familiar details . A certain archaism of style, with a strong glow of colour, suffices to distinguish from the true method of Raphael even those pictures in which he most closely resembles the great master—this sometimes very closely; but the work of Garofalo is seldom free from a certain trim pettiness of feeling and manner . He was a friend of Giulio Romano, Giorgione, Titian and Ariosto; in a picture of " Paradise " he painted Ariosto between St Catherine and St Sebastian . In youth he was fond of lute-playing and also of fencing .

He ranks among the best of the Ferrarese painters; his leading

pupil was Girolamo Carpi . The " Adoration of the Magi," in the church of San Giorgio near Ferrara, and a " Peter Martyr," in the Dominican church . Ferrara (sometimes assumed to have been done in rivalry of Titian), are among his principal works not already mentioned . The National Gallery, London, contains four, one of them being a Madonna and Christ enthroned, with St Francis and three other saints .