See also:

• TISSAPHERNES (Pers. Cithrafarna)

TISSAPHERNES (Pers. Cithrafarna)  , See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian soldier and statesman, son of Hydarnes . In 413 he was See also:

• SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan, i.e." protector (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr

satrap of See also:

• LYDIA

Lydia and See also:

• CARIA

Caria, and See also:

• COMMANDER

commander in See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the Persian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor (Thuc. viii . 5) . When See also:

• DARIUS (Pers. Darayavaush; Old Test. Daryavesh)

Darius II. ordered the collection of the outstanding See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek cities, he entered into an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance with See also:

• SPARTA (Gr. Eirapril or AaKe5atycav)

Sparta against See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens, which in 412 led to the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of the greater See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• IONIA

Ionia . But See also:

• TISSAPHERNES (Pers. Cithrafarna)

Tissaphernes was unwilling to take See also:

• ACTION

action and tried to achieve his aim by astute and often perfidious negotiations; See also:

• ALCIBIADES (c. 450-404 B.c.)

Alcibiades persuaded him that See also:

• PERSIA

Persia's best policy was to keep the See also:

• BALANCE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. bilantia, an apparatus for weighing, from bi, two, and lanx, a dish or scale)

balance between Athens and Sparta, and rivalry with his See also:

• NEIGHBOUR (O. Eng. neahgebiir, from Walt, " nigh," " near ")

neighbour See also:

• PHARNABAZUS

Pharnabazus of Hellespontic See also:

• PHRYGIA

Phrygia still further lessened his See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy . When, therefore, in 408 the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king decided to support Sparta strenuously, Tissaphernes was removed from the generalship and limited to the satrapy of Caria, whereas Lydia and the conduct of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war were entrusted to See also:

• CYRUS
• CYRUS (Gr. KDpos; Pers. Kuru-sh; Babyl. Kurash; Hebr. Koresh)

Cyrus the Younger . On the downfall of Athens, Cyrus and Tissaphernes both claimed See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction over the Ionian cities, most of which acknowledged Cyrus as their ruler; but Tissaphernes took See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of See also:

• MILETUS (mod. Palatia)

Miletus, where he was attacked by Cyrus, who gathered an army under this pretence with the purpose of using it against his See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• ARTAXERXES

Artaxerxes II . The king was warned by Tissaphernes, who took part in the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Cunaxa, and afterwards tried to destroy the Greek mercenaries of Cyrus by treachery . He was then sent back to Asia Minor to his old position as See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general in chief and satrap of Lydia and Caria . He now attacked the Greek cities, to punish them for their See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance to Cyrus . This led to the war with Sparta in 399 . Tissaphernes, who once again had recourseto subtle See also:

• DIPLOMACY (Fr. diplomatic)

diplomacy, was beaten by Agesilaus on the Pactolus near See also:

• SARDIS

Sardis (395); and at last the king yielded to the representations of Pharnabazus, strongly supported by the chiliarch (See also:

• VIZIER

vizier) Tithraustes and by the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen-See also:

• MOTHER

mother See also:

• PARYSATIS

Parysatis, who hated Tissaphernes as the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal cause of the See also:

• DEATH

death of her favourite son Cyrus .

Tithraustes was sent to execute Tissaphernes, who was lured to See also:

• COLOSSAE

Colossae and slain in 395 . (ED .