KALMAN [KOLOMAN] See also:

• KALMAN [KOLOMAN] TISZA (1830-1902)

TISZA (1830-1902)  , Hungarian states-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Geszt on the loth of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 183o, the son of Lajos See also:

• TISZA, KALMAN [KOLOMAN] (1830-1902)

Tisza and the countess Julia Teleki, and was educated at his See also:

• FATHER

father's See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle . In 1848 he obtained a See also:

• POST

post in the See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry of instruction of the revolutionary See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government which he accompanied to See also:

• DEBRECZEN

Debreczen . After the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war he went abroad with most of his See also:

• FAMILY

family, and carefully studied See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign institutions . On returning See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home he devoted himself to the improvement of the family estates, and in 1855 was elected assistant See also:

• CURATOR (Lat. for " one who takes care," curare, to take care of)

curator of the Calvinist See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church at Nagyszalonta, in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession to his father . When, on the 1st of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1859, the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian government issued the " Patent " which struck at the very roots of See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• AUTONOMY (Gr. abr6s, self, and v6pos, law)

autonomy in See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary, Tisza, at the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of the Calvinist Church beyond the See also:

• THEISS (Hungarian, Tisza; Lat., Tisia or Tissus)

Theiss, held at Debreczen, publicly repudiated the Patent on behalf of the Calvinist laity . He renewed his opposition in the most uncompromising terms at the ensuing congress (See also:

• JAN

Jan . 11, 186o), shrewdly guessing that the Patent was directed as much against the Hungarian constitution as against the Calvinist See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

confession . His fears were justified by the See also:

• OCTOBER

October Diploma (see HUNGARY: See also:

• HISTORY

History), which he attacked with equal vehemence . In See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 186o Tisza married the countess See also:

• HELEN

Helen Degenfeld-Schomburg, a See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union which brought him into See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close connexion with the Karolyis, the Podmaniczkys and the Odescaichis . He was unanimously elected to represent Debreczen at the 1861 See also:

• DIET

Diet, and was elected See also:

• VICE

vice-See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house at its second session . The Diet was divided between the Addressers, led by Dealt, and the " Resolutionists," led by See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Lasz16 Teleki, and on the See also:

• DEATH

death of the latter Tisza succeeded him as the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of the more See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

radical party . During the Provisorium (1861–1865) Tisza fought for 'constitutional reform in the columns of the Hon and the Magyar Sajte, his leading articles, afterwards collected and published under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Alfdldi Levelek (Letters from the Alfold), being by far the most important contribution to the controversy .

When the Diet was again summoned by royal See also:

• DECREE (from the past participle, decretus, of Lat. decernere)

decree (Dec. to, 1865), Tisza once more represented Debreczen and formed, with Kalman Ghyczy (18o8–1888), the See also:

• LEFT

Left-centre party . From 1867 onwards his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence continued to increase, despite the rupture of his party, which he reconstructed at the See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference of Nagyvarad (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 17, 1868), when the famous See also:

• BIHARI (properly Bih(iri)

Bihari pontok, or articles of Bihar, were subscribed . The Bihari pontok started from the See also:

• ASSUMPTION, FEAST OF

assumption that Hungary was a See also:

• FREE

free and See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . They See also:

• BOUND, or BOUNDARY (from O. Fr. bonde, Med. Lat. bodena or butina, a frontier line)

bound the Tisza party to See also:

• REPEAL (O.F. rapel, modern rappel, from rapeler, rappeler, revoke, re and appeler, appeal)

repeal all See also:

• LAWS

laws or institutions contrary to, and to promote all See also:

• MEASURES

measures necessary for, the See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence . Thus the delegation See also:

• SYSTEM

system and the See also:

• COMMON

common minis-tries were marked out for attack, while every effort was to be made to procure for Hungary a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, a separate See also:

• DIPLOMACY (Fr. diplomatic)

diplomacy and a separate See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial system . It was chiefly owing to the efforts of Tisza and his party that See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria remained neutral during the Franco-See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German War . His speech on the 3rd of March 1875 led to the resignation of Istoan Bitt6's See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration and the See also:

• WELDING (i.e. the action of the verb " to weld," the same word as " to well," to boil or spring up, the history of the word being to boil, to heat to a high degree, to beat heated iron; according to Skeat, who points out that in Swedish the compound verb

welding of See also:

• DEAK, FRANCIS (FERENCZ), (1803-1876)

Deak's followers and the Left-centre into a new party, the Szabadelvu See also:

• PART

part or Free Principles Party, which took See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office under See also:

• BELA
• BELA, LAS BELA

Bela Wenckheim (1811–1879), whom (Oct . 2) Tisza succeeded as See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister, a post he held, with a few interruptions, for the next fifteen years (1875-1890) . In 1877 he resigned on the discussion of the question of the See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

Composition (Ausgleich), but he returned to office on his own terms . The same thing happened the following See also:

• YEAR

year, when his brief resignation compelled the Magyar Diet to agree to the occupation of Bosnia . In 1879 he materially contributed to the formation of the Austro-German See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance . Not till 1888, when the national army See also:

• BILL

bill was introduced, did he encounter any serious opposition, but thenceforth his position became See also:

• PRECARIOUS

precarious .

On the 13th of March 189o, on the occasion of the revision of the Indigenat See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act, he resigned office, but continued, as See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy for Nagyvarad to See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place his vast See also:

• POLITICAL

political experience at the disposal of the house . It is no exaggeration to say that Hungary owes to Klaman Tisza a consolidated government, the formation of a See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority, a healthy public spirit, public See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit, the reform of the Upper House, an admirable educational system, economical, and particularly railway, development, and administrative and judicial reconstruction on See also:

• MODERN

modern lines . His opponents have accused him of unscrupulousness and party spirit, but not one of them can deny that he reshaped Hungary and made her the leading partner of the dual See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy . As to his See also:

• PERSONAL

personal integrity and disinterestedness there has never been the slightest doubt . It is an open See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret that, on the retirement of See also:

• ANDRASSY, JULIUS (GyuLA), COUNT (1823—1890)

Andrassy, he was offered the chancellorship . He refused it because, to use his own expression, " I am as wholly and solely Hungarian as the See also:

• RIVER

river (Theiss, Hung . Tisza) whose name I See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear . " See Imre Visi, Kalman Tisza, a political appreciation (Hung.; See also:

• BUDAPEST

Budapest, 1885) ; Kornel Abranyi, Kalman Tisza See also:

• LIFE

Life and Political Career (Hung.; Budapest, 1878) ; G . Gratz, Kalman Tisza (Modern Magyar Statesmen, I.) (Hung.; Budapest, 1902); P . Busbach, The Last Five Years (Hung.; Budapest, 1895) . His youngest son, Count See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

STEPHEN TISZA (1861– ), was born on the 22nd of See also:

• APRIL

April 1861 . After being educated at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg and Budapest, he entered the ministry of the interior for the purpose of studying technical and economical questions at the See also:

• FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

fountain-See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head, and soon became a specialist in agrarian matters .

His Magyar agrarpolitik (Budapest, 1897), authoritative on its subject, was translated into German the same year (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig) . In 1886 Tisza began his parliamentary career, speedily becoming a leading member of the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal committees on economical and educational questions . On the resignation of Kalman Szell (See also:

• JUNE

June 17, 1903) he was entrusted with the formation of a ministry of pacification, but abandoned the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt on finding it impossible to secure a majority . On the 27th of October, however, with the assistance of the Free Principles Party, he succeeded in composing a See also:

• CABINET

cabinet, in which he was minister of the interior as well as premier . From the first the ministry was exposed to the most unscrupulous opposition, exacerbated by the new and stringent rules of See also:

• PROCEDURE (Fr. procedure, from Lat. procedere, to go for-ward)

procedure which Tisza See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt it his See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty to introduce if any business were IOI''1 to be done . The See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion for their introduction was made by the deputy Gabor See also:

• DANIEL
• DANIEL (DANIL)
• DANIEL, BOOK
• DANIEL, GABRIEL (1649-1728)

Daniel, supported by the premier, and after scenes of unheard,of obstruction and violence (Nov . 16–18) the See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker, in the midst of an See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear-splitting tumult; declared that the new regulations had been adopted by the house, and produced a royal See also:

• MESSAGE (a word occurring in slightly different forms in several languages, e.g. Fr. message, Span. mensaje, Ital. messagio; adapted from the Low Lat. missaticum, from mittere)

message suspending the session . But the Andrassy See also:

• GROUP

group, immediately afterwards, separated from the Free Principles Party, and during the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the year the Opposition made legislation impossible . By See also:

• JANUARY

January 1905 the situation had become ex lex or anarchical . Tisza stoutly stood' by his rules, on the ground that this was a See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case in which the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form must be sacrificed to the substance of parliamentary government . But his See also:

• APPEAL

appeal to the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country at the beginning of 1905 was unsuccessful, and his opponents triumphed by a large majority . Tisza thereupon resigned and retired from public life .

(R . N .