See also:

• TOOL (0. Eng. tdl, generally referred to a root seen in the Goth. taujan, to make, or in the English word " taw," to work or dress leather)

TOOL (0. Eng. tdl, generally referred to a See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root seen in the Goth. taujan, to make, or in the See also:

• ENGLISH

English word " taw," to See also:

• WORK

work or See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather)  , an See also:

• IMPLEMENT (Lat. implementum, a filling up, from implere, to fill)

implement or appliance used by a worker in the treatment of the substances used in his handicraft, whether in the preliminary operations of setting out and measuring the materials, in reducing his See also:

• WORK

work to the required See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form by cutting or otherwise, in gauging it and testing its accuracy, or in duly securing it while thus being treated . For the tools of prehistoric See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man see such articles as See also:

• ARCHAEOLOGY (from Gr. &pxa1a, ancient things, and Xoyos, theory or science)

ARCHAEOLOGY ; See also:

• FLINT
• FLINT, AUSTIN (1812-1886)
• FLINT, or FLTNTSHTRE (sir Gallestr)
• FLINT, ROBERT (1838- )
• FLINT, TIMOTHY (1780-1840)

FLINT IMPLEMENTS; and See also:

• EGYPT

EGYPT, § See also:

• ART

Art and Archaeology . In beginning a survey of tools it is necessary to draw the distinction between See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand and See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine tools . The former class includes any See also:

• TOOL (0. Eng. tdl, generally referred to a root seen in the Goth. taujan, to make, or in the English word " taw," to work or dress leather)

tool which is held and operated by the unaided hands, as a See also:

• CHISEL (from the O. Fr. cisel, modern ciseau, Late Lat. cisellum, a cutting tool, from caedere, to cut)

chisel, See also:

• PLANE

plane or saw . Attach one of these to some piece of operating mechanism, and it, with the environment of which it is the central essential See also:

• OBJECT

object, becomes a machine tool . A very See also:

• SIMPLE

simple example is the See also:

• COMMON

common See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power-driven hack saw for See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal, or the small high-See also:

• SPEED, JOHN (1552–1629)

speed See also:

• DRILL

drill, or the See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood-See also:

• BORING

boring See also:

• AUGER (from the O. Eng. nafu-gar, nave-borer; the original initial n having been lost, as in " adder," through a confusion in the case of a preceding indefinite article)

auger held in a See also:

• FRAME

frame and turned by a winch handle and See also:

• BEVEL (from an O. Fr. word, cf. mod. biveau, a joiner's instrument)

bevel-gears . The difference between these and a big frame-saw cutting down a dozen boards simultaneously, or the immense machine boring the cylinders of an ocean See also:

• LINER, or LINE OF BATTLE

liner, or the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• GUN

gun See also:

• LATHE

lathe, or the See also:

• HYDRAULIC

hydraulic See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press, is so vast that the relationship is hardly apparent . Often the tool itself is absolutely dwarfed by the machine, of which nevertheless it is the central object and around which the machine is designed and built . A milling machine weighing several tons will often be seen rotating a tool of but two or three dozen pounds' See also:

• WEIGHT

weight . Yet the machine is fitted with elaborate slides and self-acting movements, and See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision for taking up See also:

• WEAR

wear,and is See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth some hundreds of pounds See also:

• STERLING
• STERLING, ANTOINETTE (d. 1904)
• STERLING, JOHN (1806-1844)

sterling, while the tool may not be worth two pounds . Such apparent anomalies are in See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence . We propose, therefore, first to take a survey of the principles that underlie the forms of tools, and then pursue the subject of their embodiment in machine tools .