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TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

ZAKRIS [ZACHARIAS] TOPELIUS (1818-1898)

JUAN BAUPTISTA TOPETE (1821-1885)

RODOLPHE TOPFFER (1799-1846)

TOPHET, or TOPHETH (nsnn)

AUGUSTUS MONTAGUE TOPLADY (1740-1778)

TOPOGRAPHY (Gr. Toros, place, -partied', to write)

TORBERNITE (or cupro-uranite)

TORCH (O. Fr. torche, from Med. Lat. tortia, derived from tortus, twisted, torquere, to twist)

PEDER TORDENSKJOLD (1691-1720)

OTTO MARTIN TORELL (1828-1900)

COUNT OF JOSE MARIA QUIEPO DE LLANO RUIZ DE SARAVIA TORENO (1786-1843)

COUNT QUEIPO DE LLANO Y GAYOSO DE TORENO (1840-1890)

TORNADO (Span., tornada, a turning about, cf. " turn ")

TORQUE, or TORO (Lat. torquis, torques, a twisted collar, torquere, to twist)

JUAN DE TORQUEMADA (1388-1468)

THOMAS TORQUEMADA (1420-1498)

TORRE ANNUNZIATA

TORRE DEL GRECO

ROBERT TORRENS (1780-1864)

SIR ROBERT RICHARD TORRENS (1814-1884)

WILLIAM TORRENS TORRENS

DIEGO DE TORRES Y VILLAROEL (1696—1759?)

JOHN TORREY (1796—1873)

EVANGELISTA TORRICELLI (1608—1647)

PIETRO TORRIGIANO (1472-1522)

TORRINGTON (GREAT TORRINGTON)

VISCOUNT GEORGE BYNG TORRINGTON (1663-1733)

COUNT LENNART TORSTENSSON (1603–1651)

TORT (Fr. for wrong, from Lat. tortus, twisted, participle of torquere)

TORTONA (anc. Dertona)

TORTURE (from Lat. torquere, to twist)

TOSCANELLA (anc. Tuscana, q.v.)

TOSTIG (d. 1(366)

TOTILA (d. 552)

TOTNES, GEORGE CAREW, or CAREY, EARL OF (1555-1629)

TOTONICAPAM, or TOTONICAPAN

TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

COUNT OF LOUIS ALEXANDRE DE BOURBON TOULOUSE (1678-1737)

JONATHAN [JOANNES TouPrus] TOUP (1713-1785)

TOURNAI (Flemish Doornik)

TOURNAMENT, or TOURNEY (Fr. tournement, tournoi, Med. Lat. torneamentum, from tourner, to turn)

JOSEPH PITTON DE TOURNEFORT (1656-1708)

CYRIL TOURNEUR (c. 1575-1626)

JEAN MAURICE TOURNEUX (1849— )

TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

THE TOWER OF LONDON

TOWNELEY (or TOwNLEY), CHARLES (1737-1805)

JAMES TOWNLEY (1714-1778)

CHARLES TOWNSHEND (1725-1767)

2ND VISCOUNT CHARLES TOWNSHEND TOWNSHEND (1674-1738)

1ST MARQUESS GEORGE TOWNSHEND TOWNSHEND (1724-1807)

CRAWFORD HOWELL TOY (1836– )

ARNOLD TOYNBEE (1852-1883)

TRACHELIUM (Gr. TpaXnXos, neck)

TRACHYTE (Gr. rpaxus, rough)

TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

TRACTION (Lat. trahere, to draw)

COMTE ANTOINE LOUIS CLAUDE DESTUTT TRACY

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN TRACY (1830– )

TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)

BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR

THOMAS TRAHERNE (1637?-1674)

HENRY DUFF TRAILL (1842-1900)

TRAIN (M. Eng. trayn or trayne, derived through Fr. from Late Lat. trahinare, to drag, draw, Lat. trahere, cf. trail, trace, ultimately from the same source)

TRAJAN [MARCUS ULPIUS TRAJANUS] (A. D. 53-117)

TRALLES (mod. Giizel Hisser)

TRANCE (through the French, from Lat. transitus, from transire, to cross, pass over)

TRANSBAIKALIA (sometimes also known as Muria)

TRANSCASPIAN REGION

TRANSCENDENTALISM (Lat. trans, across, scandere, climb, whence transcendere, to pass a limit)

TRANSEPT (from Lat. trans, across, and septum, enclosure; synonymous terms in other languages are Fr. croisee, nef transversee; Ital. crociata; Ger. Querbau, Quersch&)

TRANSFER (from Lat. transferre, to bear across, carry over)

TRANSFERENCE OF

TRANSIT CIRCLE, or MERIDIAN CIRCLE

TRANSITIONAL FROM

TRANSLATIONS AND ADAPTATIONS

TRANSOM (probably a corruption of Lat. transtrum, a thwart, in a boat; equivalents are Fr. traverse, croisillon, Ger. Losholz)

TRANSUBSTANTIATION

TRANSVERSE RIB (Fr. arc doubleau)

TRANSYLVANIA2 (Lat. Transsilvania; Ger. Siebenbiirgen; Hung. Erdely; Rumanian, Ardeal)

TRANSYLVANIAN MOUNTAINS

TRAP (0. Eng. treppe or traepee, properly a step, as that or which an animal places its foot and is caught, cf. Ger. Treppe flight of stairs)

TRAPANI (anc. Drepanum)

TRAPEZE, or TRAPESE

1ST EARI SIR JOHN STEWART TRAQUAIR

LAKE TRASIMENE (Lat. Trasumeltus Lacus; Ital. Lago Trasimeno)

TRAU (Serbo-Croatian Trogir; Lat. Tragurium)

COUNT VON ABENSPERG UND OTTO FERDINAND TRAUN (1677-1748)

TRAUTENAU (Czech Trutnov)

TRAVESTY (Fr. travestie, from travestir, to disguise, se travestir, to change one's clothes; Lat. trans, across, and vestire, to clothe)

SEINING AND NETTING TRAWLING

TREAM EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF

TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

TREBIA (mod. Trebbia)

TREBIZOND (Gr. Trapezus)

TREBLE (a doublet of " triple," three-fold, from Lat. triplus, triple; cf. " double " from duplus)

THOMAS TREDGOLD (1788-1829)

TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)

SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM TREE (1853- )

TREFOIL (Lat. trif olium, three-leaved plant, Fr. trk/le, Ger. Dreiblatt and Dreiblattbogen)

SAMUEL PRIDEAUX TREGELLES (1813–1875)

JEAN BAPTISTE TREILHARD (1742–1810)

HEINRICH VON TREITSCHKE (1834-1896)

EDWARD JOHN TRELAWNY (1792-1881)

BART SIR JONATHAN TRELAWNY

RICHARD CHENEVIX TRENCH (1807-1886)

SIR JOHN TRENCHARD (1640-1695)

TRENCHER (M. Eng. trenchour, trenchere, &c.,O. Fr. trencheoir trenchoier, a place on which to cut up food, from trencher, mod. 'rancher, to cut, probably from Lat. truncare, lop, cut off, or from transecare, to cut across)

FREIHERR VON DER FRANZ TRENCK (171I-1749)

FRIEDRICH ADOLF TRENDELENBURG (1802-1872)

TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)

COUNCIL OF TRENT

31ST DECEMBER TRIAL BALANCE

TRIALS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF MARINE

TRIBUNE (med. Lat. tribune, from classical Lat. tribunal)

TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

TRICOUPIS (or TRICOuPI), CHARILAOS (1832—1896)

SPYRIDION TRICOUPIS (1788—1893)

TRICYCLE (from prefix tri, three, and Gr. 1cbaos, circle, wheel)

TRIDENT (Lat. tridens, lri-, tres, three and dens, tooth)

TRIER (French Troves)

LOUIS ADOLPHE TRIERS (1797-1877)

TRIESTE (Ger. Triest; Slay. Trst; the Roman Tergeste, q.v.)

TRIGLYPH (Gr. rpelis, three, and yXv4 , an incision or carving)

TRIGONAL BIPYRAMIDAL

TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL CLASS (Hemimorphic-tetartohedral)

TRIGONOMETRY (from Gr. rpiywvov, a triangle, /ATpov, measure)

TRIKKALA (anc. Triha)

TRILEMMA (Gr. Tp(Zt, three, X~7µµa, something taken)

JOSHUA TRIMMER (1795-1857)

CORPORATION OF TRINITY HOUSE

TRINODA NECESSITAS

TRINOVANTES (commonly Trinobantes)

TRIPHENYLMETHANE (C6H6)3CH

TRIPOD (Gr. rpiTovr, Lat. tripus)

TRIPOLI (Tarabulus el-Gharb, i.e. Tripoli of the West)

TRIPOLI, or TARABULUS (anc. Tripolis)

TRIPTYCH (Gr. rpiary os, three-fold, made in three layers, TpL-, rpeis, three; arux1, a fold; 7rr(uoELv, to fold, double over)

TRISTAN DA CUNHA

TRISTAN, or TRISTRAM

JOHANNES TRITHEMIUS (1462–1516)

TRIUMPH (triumphus)

TRIVANDRUM, or TREVANDRUM

TRIVIUM (Lat. for cross-road, i.e. where three roads meet, from tres, three, and via, road)

TRNOVO, or TIRNOVO

PLATE CERAMICS TROAD

TROCHAIC (from Gr. rpoxalos, rpoxaixos; Lat. trochaeus)

LOUIS JULES TROCHU (18'5–'896)

TROGLODYTES (rpcay?oSurat, from rpwyXn, hole, Svw, creep)

GNAEUS POMPEIUS TROGUS

HERLUF TROLLE (1516-1565)

ANTHONY TROLLOPE (181 1882)

TROMBA MARINA, or MARINE TRUMPET (Fr. trompette marine; Ger. Marine Trompete, Trompetengeige, Nonnengeige, Tympanischiza or Trummscheit)

TROMBONE (Fr. trombone, Ger. Posaune, Ital. trombono)

FRANCOIS DENIS TRONCHET (1726-1806)

TRONDHJEM, or THRONDHJEM (sometimes written in the German form Drontheim)

TROOP (an adaptation of Fr. troupe, O. Fr. trope; cf. Ital. troppa, troppa; Med. Lat. truppus; the origin is doubtful; suggestions have been made that it represents a German conception of Latin turba, crowd, or is an adaptation of Norw. tarp, flock)

TROPHY (Gr. Tpo7rauov, from TpE7rw, put to flight; Lat. tropaeum)

C8H15NO TROPINE

TROPPAU (Polish, Oppava; Czech, Opava)

CONGRESS OF TROPPAU

THE TROSSACHS (Gaelic, " the bristled country," a crude allusion to its physical features)

TROTZENDORFF (or TROCEDORFIUS), VALENTIN

BART SIR THOMAS TROUBRIDGE

EDWARD TROUGHTON (1753-1835)

TROUT (Salmo trutta)

TROVER (0. Fr. trover, to find, mod. trouver)

TROWEL (Med. Eng. truel, O. Fr. truelle, Low Lat. truella, a variant of trulla, diminutive of trua, stirring spoon, ladle, Gr. ropbvrt, from the root tar, to turn round and round; cf. ropebs, borer)

JEAN FRANCOIS DE TROY (1679–1752)

CONSTANT TROYON (5810-1865)

ANTONIO DE TRUEBA (1519-1889)

TRUFFLE (from Med. F r. trufle, a variant of truffe, generally taken to be for tafie, from Lat. tuber, an esculent root, a tuber, cf. Ital tartufo, truffle, from Lat. torae tuber; another Ital. form tartufola gave Ger. Tartoffel, dissimilated to Kartoffel

TRUJILLO, or TRUJILLO

TRUJILLO, or TRUXILLO

SIR WILLIAM TRUMBALL (1639-1716)

JAMES HAMMOND TRUMBULL (1821-1897)

JOHN TRUMBULL (1750-1831)

JOHN TRUMBULL (1756-1843)

JONATHAN TRUMBULL (1710-1785)

LYMAN TRUMBULL (1813-1896)

TRUMP (1) (O. Fr. trompe)

TRUMPET (Fr. trompette, clairon; Ger. ,Trompete, Klarino, Trummet; Ital. tromba, trombetta, clarino)

SPEAKING AND HEARING TRUMPET

TRUNK (Fr. tronc, Lat. truncus, cut off, maimed)

1ST BARON THOMAS WILDE TRURO (1782-1855)

TRUSS (from O. Fr. trusser, trosser, torser, trousser, to pack, bind, gird up, Low Lat. tortiare, formed from tortus, twisted, torquere, to twist; cf. " torch " and " trousers," also trousseau, a bride's outfit, literally a small pack or bundle)

THOMAS TRUXTUN (1755-1822)

DWIGHT WILLIAM TRYON (1849- )

SIR GEORGE TRYON (1832-1893)

THOMAS TRYON (1634–1703)

WILLIAM TRYON (1729–1788)

TRYPANOSOMES, or HAEMOFLAGELLATES

PETER ILICH TSCHAIKOVSKY (1840-1893)

TSCHUDI, or SCHUDY

TUAREG, or TAWAREK (more properly Tawarik, the collective form of tarki, from Arabic terek, to give up)

TUBE (Lat. tuba)

TUBUAI, or AUSTRAL ISLANDS

ABRAHAM TUCKER (1705-1774)

JOSIAH TUCKER (1712-1799)

TUCSON (possibly from Piman styuk-son, " dark or brown spring," pronounced Tooson)

TUCUMAN, or SAN MIGUEL DE TUCUMAN

TUDOR FLOWER, or CRESTING

TUFF (Ital. tufo)

TUGELA (" Startling ")

TUKULOR (TUCULERS)

TULCEA, or TULTCHA

JETHRO TULL (1674-1741)

JOHN TULLOCH (1823–1886)

TULLUS HOSTILIUS

TULSI DAS (1532–1623)