TOPEKA  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city and the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county-seat of See also:

• SHAWNEE

Shawnee county, See also:

• KANSAS (known as the Sunflower State ")

Kansas, U.S.A., the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, situated on both sides of the Kansas See also:

• RIVER

river, in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east See also:

• PART

part of the state, about 6o m . W. of Kansas City . Pop . (1900), 33,608, of whom 3201 were See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign-See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born (including 702 Germans, 575 Swedes, 512 See also:

• ENGLISH

English, 407 Russians, 320 Irish, &c.) and 4807 were negroes; (1910, See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census), 43,684 . It is served by the See also:

• ATCHISON

Atchison, Topeka & See also:

• SANTA

Santa Fe, the See also:

• CHICAGO
• CHICAGO, UNIVERSITY OF

Chicago, See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

Rock See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

Island & Pacific, the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union Pacific and the See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri Pacific See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways . The city is regularly laid out on a fairly level See also:

• PRAIRIE (adopted from the Fr. prairie, a meadow-tract. Late Lat. prataria, Lat. pratum, meadow)

prairie See also:

• BENCH (an O.E. and Eng. form of a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Bank, Dan. baenk and the Eng. doublet " bank ")

bench, considerably elevated above the river and about 890 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level . Among its prominent buildings are the See also:

• UNITED

United States See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government See also:

• BUILDING

building, the Capitol (erected 1866-1903 at a cost of $3,200,589 and one of the best state buildings in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country), the county See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, the public library (1882), an auditorium (with a seating capacity of about 5000), the Y.M.C.A. building, a memorial building, See also:

• HOUSING

housing See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of the state, and See also:

• GRACE (Fr. grace, Lat. gratia, from grates, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root cra-, Gr. xav-, cf. xaipw, x6p,ua, Xapts)
• GRACE, WILLIAM GILBERT (1848– )

Grace See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church See also:

• CATHEDRAL

Cathedral (See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant Episcopal) . The city is the see of a Protestant Episcopal See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop . In the Capitol are the library (about 6000 volumes) and natural See also:

• HISTORY

history collections of the Kansas See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy of See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science, and the library (30,000 books, 94,000 See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets and 28,500 See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts) and collections of the Kansas State Historical Society, which publishes Kansas Historical Collections (1895 sqq.) and Biennial Reports (1879 sqq.) . The city is the seat of See also:

• WASHBURN
• WASHBURN, CADWALLADER COLDEN (1818–1882)

Washburn (formerly See also:

• LINCOLN
• LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (1809-1865)
• LINCOLN, EARLS OF

Lincoln) See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College (1865), which took its See also:

• PRESENT

present name in 1868 in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of Ichabod Washburn of See also:

• WORCESTER
• WORCESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• WORCESTER, JOHN TIPTOFT, EARL OF (1427—1470)
• WORCESTER, WILLIAM (c. 1415-c. 1482)

Worcester, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, who gave it $25,000; in 1909 it had 783 students (424 being See also:

• WOMEN

women) . Other educational establishments are the College of the Sisters of See also:

• BETHANY (mod. el-'Azariyeh)

Bethany (Protestant Episcopal, 1861), for women, and the Topeka See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

Industrial and Educational See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute (1895), for negroes . In Topeka are the state insane See also:

• ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)
• ASYLUM, RIGHT OF (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

asylum, See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ's See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

Hospital (1894), the Jane C .

Stormont Hospital and Training School for nurses (1895), the Santa Fe Railway Hospital, the See also:

• BETHESDA
• BETHESDA (i.e. " House of Mercy," John v. 2)

Bethesda Hospital (1906) and the St See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis Hospital (1909) . Topeka is an important manufacturing city . Its factory product was valued in 1905 at $14,448,869 . Natural See also:

• GAS

gas is piped from See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern Kansas for manufacturing and domestic use . The first See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement on the site of Topeka was made in 1852, but the city really originated in 1854, when its site was chosen by a party from See also:

• LAWRENCE
• LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
• LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
• LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
• LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
• LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
• LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
• LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
• LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)

Lawrence . It was from the first a freest See also:

• ATE

ate stronghold . More than one See also:

• CONVENTION (Lat. conventio, an assembly or agreement, from convenire, to come together)
• CONVENTION, THE NATIONAL

convention was held here in Territorial days, including that which framed the Topeka Constitution of 1855; and some of the meetings of the See also:

• FREE

free-state legislature chosen under that document (see KANSAS) were also held here . Topeka was made the temporary state capital under the See also:

• WYANDOTTE

Wyandotte Constitution, and became the permanent capital in 1861 . It was first chartered by the See also:

• PRO

pro-See also:

• SLAVERY

slavery Territorial legislature in 18J7, but did not organize its government until 1858 (see LAWRENCE) . In 1881 it was chartered as a city of the first class . The first railway outlet, the Union Pacific, reached See also:

• EUGENE

Eugene, now See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Topeka, in 1865 . The construction of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe was begun here in 1868, and its construction shops, of extreme importance to the city, were built here in 1878 .

In r88o, just after the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• NEGRO (from Lat. eager, black)

negro See also:

• IMMIGRATION (from Lat. in, into, and tnigrare, to depart)

immigration to Kansas, the coloured See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population was 31 % of the See also:

• TOTAL

total . See F . W . See also:

• GILES (GIL, GILLES), ST

Giles, See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years in Topeka (Topeka, 1886) .