EVANGELISTA See also:

• EVANGELISTA TORRICELLI (1608—1647)

TORRICELLI (1608—1647)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian physicist and mathematician, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• FAENZA (anc. Faventia)

Faenza on the 15th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 16o8 . See also:

• LEFT

Left fatherless at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, he was educated under the care of his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, a Camaldolese See also:

• MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
• MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
• MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
• MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)

monk, who in 1627 sent him to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome to study See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science under the See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine Benedetto See also:

• CASTELLI, IGNAZ FRANZ (1781—1862)

Castelli (1577—1644), See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics at the Collegio di Sapienza . The perusal of Galileo's Dialoghi delle nuove scienze (1638) inspired him with many developments of the See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical principles there set forth, which he embodied in a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise De motu (printed amongst his See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

Opera geometrica, 1644) . Its communication by Castelli to Galileo in 1641, with a proposal that See also:

• TORRICELLI, EVANGELISTA (1608—1647)

Torricelli should reside with him, led to Torricelli repairing to See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence, where he met Galileo, and acted as his See also:

• AMANUENSIS (a Latin word, derived from the phrase servus a menu, slave of the hand, a secretary)

amanuensis during the three remaining months of his See also:

• LIFE

life . After Galileo's See also:

• DEATH

death Torricelli was nominated See also:

• GRAND

grand-ducal mathematician and professor of mathematics in the Florentine See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy . The See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of the principle of the See also:

• BAROMETER (from Gr. (3apoc, pressure, and µETpov, measure)

barometer (q.v.) which has perpetuated his fame (" Torricellian See also:

• TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube " " Torricellian vacuum ") was made in 1643 . The publication amongst Torricelli's Opera geometrica (Florence, 1644) of a See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract on the properties of the See also:

• CYCLOID (from Gr. iciidws, circle, and ennos, form)

cycloid involved him in a controversy with G . P. de See also:

• ROBERVAL, GILLES PERSONNE (or PERSONIER) DE (1602-1675)

Roberval, who accused him of plagiarizing his earlier See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of the problem of its See also:

• QUADRATURE (from Lat. quadratura, a making square)

quadrature . There seems, however, no See also:

• ROOM

room for doubt that Torricelli's was arrived at independently . The See also:

• MATTER

matter was still in debate when he was seized with See also:

• PLEURISY, or PLEURITIS (Gr. srXeiipc =ribs)

pleurisy, and died at Florence on the 25th of October 1647 . He was buried in See also:

• SAN

San Lorenzo, and a commemorative statue of him erected at Faenza in 1864 . Among the new truths detected by him was the valuable mechanical principle that if any number of bodies be so connected that, by their See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion, their centre of gravity can neither ascend nor descend, then those bodies are in See also:

• EQUILIBRIUM (from the Lat. aequus, equal, and libra, a balance)

equilibrium .

He also discovered the remarkable fact that the parabolas described (in a vacuum) by indefinitely numerous projectiles discharged from the same point with equal velocities, but in all directions have a paraboloid of revolution for their envelope . His theorem that a fluid issues from a small orifice with the same velocity (See also:

• FRICTION (from Lat. fricare, to rub)

friction and atmospheric resistance being neglected) which it would have acquired in falling through the See also:

• DEPTH

depth from its See also:

• SURFACE

surface is of fundamental importance in See also:

• HYDRAULICS (Gr. iS&,p, water, and ai,Xos, a pipe)

hydraulics . He greatly improved both the See also:

• TELESCOPE

telescope and See also:

• MICROSCOPE (Gr. µucp6s, small, asenreiv, to %view)

microscope . Several large See also:

• OBJECT

object lenses, engraven with his name, are preserved at Florence . He used and See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed B . Cavalieri's method of indivisibles . A selection from Torricelli's See also:

• MANUSCRIPTS

manuscripts was published by Tommaso See also:

• BONAVENTURA, SAINT (JOHN OF FIDANZA)

Bonaventura in 1715, with the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Lezioni accademiche (Florence) . They include an address of See also:

• ACKNOWLEDGMENT (from the old acknow, a compound of on- and know, to know by the senses, which passed through the forms oknow, aknow and acknow; acknowledge is formed on analogy of " knowledge ")

acknowledgment on his See also:

• ADMISSION

admission to the Accademia della Crusca . His See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

essay on the inundations of the Val di See also:

• CHIANA (anc. Clanis)

Chiana was printed in Raccolta d'autori the trattano del moto dell' acque, iv . 115 (Florence, 1768), and amongst Opusculi idraulici, iii . 347 (See also:

• BOLOGNA
• BOLOGNA, GIOVANNI DA (1524–1608)

Bologna, 1822) . For his life see Fabroni, Vitae Italorum, i .

345; Ghinassi, Lettere fin qui indite di Evangelista Torricelli (Faenza, 1864) ; See also:

• TIRABOSCHI, GIROLAMO (1731—1794)

Tiraboschi, Storia della lett. it. viii . 302 (ed . 1824); See also:

• MONTUCLA, JEAN ETIENNE (1725-1799)

Montucla, Hist. See also:

• DES

des math., vol. ii.; See also:

• MARIE

Marie, Hist. des sciences, iv . 133 .