PIETRO See also:

• PIETRO TORRIGIANO (1472-1522)

TORRIGIANO (1472-1522)  , Florentine sculptor, was, according to See also:

• VASARI, GIORGIO (1511-1571)

Vasari, one of the See also:

• GROUP

group of talented youths who studied See also:

• ART

art under the patronage of Lorenzo the Magnificent in See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence . Benvenuto See also:

• CELLINI, BENVENUTO (1500-1571)

Cellini, See also:

• REPORTING

reporting a conversation with See also:

• TORRIGIANO, PIETRO (1472-1522)

Torrigiano, relates that he and See also:

• MICHELANGELO (MICHELAGNIOLO BUONARROTI) (1475-1564)

Michelangelo, while both See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young, were copying the frescoes in the See also:

• CARMINE

Carmine See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel, when some slighting remark made by Michelangelo so enraged Torrigiano that he struck him on the See also:

• NOSE (O.Eng. nosu, cf. Dutch neus, Swed. nos, snout; the Aix in Provence. Both at Aix and at Lyons he acquired great connexion with O.Eng. nasu is obscure, cf. Ger. Nase, Lat. pares, distinction by his labours during outbreaks of the plague. In nostrils,

nose, and thus caused that disfigurement which is so conspicuous in all the portraits of Michelangelo . Soon after this Torrigiano visited See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, and helped See also:

• PINTURICCHIO (1454–1513)

Pinturicchio in modelling the elaborate See also:

• STUCCO (Ital. stucco, adapted from O.H.G. stucchi, crust, piece, patch, Ger. Stuck, piece, allied to stock)

stucco decorations in the Apartamenti See also:

• BORGIA, CESARE
• BORGIA, FRANCIS (1510-1572)
• BORGIA, LUCREZIA (1480-1519)

Borgia for See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander VI . After some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time spent as a hired soldier in the service of different states, Torrigiano was invited to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England to execute the magnificent See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb for See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VII. and his See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen, which still exists in the See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady chapel of See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey . This appears to have been begun before the See also:

• DEATH

death of Henry VII. in 1509, but was not finished till 1517 . The two See also:

• EFFIGIES, MONUMENTAL

effigies are well modelled, and have lifelike but not too realistic portraits . After this Torrigiano received the See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission for the See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar, See also:

• RETABLE (Fr. retable, a shortened form derived from Med. Lat. retrotabulum)

retable and baldacchino which stood at the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, outside the See also:

• SCREEN (usually, but very doubtfully, connected with Lat. scrinium, a box for holding books, from scribere, to write; a connexion with Ger. Schranke, barrier, has been suggested)

screen of Henry VII.'s tomb . The altar had See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble pilasters at the angles, two of which still exist, and below the See also:

• MENSA

mensa was a See also:

• LIFE

life-sized figure of the dead See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ in painted terra-See also:

• COTTA
• COTTA, BERNHARD VON (1808—1879)
• COTTA, GAIUS AURELIUS (c. 124—73 B.c.)

cotta . The retable consisted of a large See also:

• RELIEF

relief of the Resurrection . The baldacchino was of marble, with enrichments of gilt See also:

• BRONZE

bronze; See also:

• PART

part of its See also:

• FRIEZE

frieze still exists, as do also a large number of fragments of the terra-cotta angels which surmounted the baldacchino and parts of the large figure of Christ . The whole of this See also:

• WORK

work was destroyed by the Puritans in the 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century.' Henry VIII. also commissioned Torrigiano to make him a magnificent tomb, somewhat similar to that of Henry VII., but one-See also:

• FOURTH

fourth larger, to be placed in a chapel at See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor; it was, however, never completed, and its See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich bronze was melted by the See also:

• COMMONWEALTH

Commonwealth, together with that of See also:

• WOLSEY, THOMAS (c. 1475–1530)

Wolsey's tomb . The indentures for these various See also:

• WORKS

works still exist, and are printed by See also:

• NEALE, EDWARD VANSITTART (1810-1892)
• NEALE, JOHN MASON (1818–1866)

Neale, Westminster Abbey, i .

54-59 (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1818) . These interesting documents are written in See also:

• ENGLISH

English, and in them the Florentine is called " See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Torrysany." For Henry VII.'s tomb he contracted to receive £1500, for the altar and its fittings £See also:

• I000

i000, and £2000 for Henry VIII.'s tomb . Other works attributed from See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence to Torrigiano are the tomb of See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret of See also:

• RICHMOND
• RICHMOND, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• RICHMOND, LEGH (1772-1827)
• RICHMOND, SIR WILLIAM BLAKE (1842– )

Richmond, See also:

• MOTHER

mother of Henry VII., in the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south See also:

• AISLE (from Lat. ala, a wing)

aisle of his chapel, and a terra-cotta effigy in the chapel of the Rolls . While these royal works were going on Torrigiano visited Florence in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to get skilled assistants . He tried to induce Benvenuto Cellini to come to England to help him, but Cellini refused partly from his dislike to the brutal and swaggering See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners of Torrigiano, and also because he did not wish to live among " such beasts as the English." The latter part of Torrigiano's life was spent in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, especially at See also:

• SEVILLE
• SEVILLE (Span. Sevilla, Lat. Ispalis or Hispalis, Moorish Ishbiliya)

Seville, where, besides the painted figure of St Hieronymus in the museum, some terra-cotta See also:

• SCULPTURE
• SCULPTURE (Lat. sculptura, from sculpere, to carve, cognate with Gr. yXb4ew)

sculpture by him still exists . His violent See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper got him into difficulties with the authorities, and he ended his life in 1522 in the prisons of the See also:

• INQUISITION, THE (Lat. inquisitio, an inquiry)

Inquisition . See Wilhelm See also:

• BODE, JOHANN ELERT (1747–1826)

Bode, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die italienische Plastik (See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin, 1902) . See also:

• TORRINGTON
• TORRINGTON (GREAT TORRINGTON)
• TORRINGTON, GEORGE BYNG, VISCOUNT (1663-1733)

TORRINGTON, See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

ARTHUR See also:

• HERBERT (FAMILY)
• HERBERT, GEORGE (1593-1633)
• HERBERT, HENRY WILLIAM
• HERBERT, SIR THOMAS (1606-1682)

HERBERT, See also:

• EARL

EARL of (1647-1716), See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral, was the son of a See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• EDWARD

Edward Herbert (c . 1591-1657) . He entered the See also:

• NAVY

navy in 1663, and served in the Dutch See also:

• WARS

wars of the reign of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II., as well as against the See also:

• BARBARY

Barbary pirates . From i68o to 1683 he commanded in the Mediterranean . His career had been See also:

• HONOURABLE (Fr. honorable, from Lat. honorabilis, worthy of honour)

honourable, and he had been wounded in See also:

• ACTION

action .

The known Royalist sentiments of his See also:

• FAMILY

family combined with his reputation as a See also:

• NAVAL

naval officer to point him out to the favour of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, and See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James II. appointed him See also:

• REAR

rear-admiral of England and See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the See also:

• ROBES (Fr. robe, Late Lat. roba, raupa, meaning (1)

robes . The king no doubt counted on his support of the See also:

• REPEAL (O.F. rapel, modern rappel, from rapeler, rappeler, revoke, re and appeler, appeal)

repeal of the Test Acts, as the admiral was member for See also:

• DOVER
• DOVER, GEORGE JAMES WELBORE
• DOVER, HENRY JERMYN, EARL OF (c. 1636-1708)
• DOVER, ROBERT (1575-1641)

Dover . Herbert refused, and was dismissed from his places . He now entered into communication with the agents of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

Orange, and promised to use his See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence with the See also:

• FLEET

fleet to forward a revolution . After the acquittal of the seven bishops in 1688 he carried the invitation to See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of Orange . The Revolution brought him ample amends for his losses . He was named first See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord, and took the command of the fleet at See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home . In 1689 he was at See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea attempting to prevent the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French admiral See also:

• CHATEAU (from Lat. castellum, fortress, through O. Fr. chastel, chasteau)

Chateau-Renault (q.v.) from landing the troops sent by the king of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France to the aid of King James in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . Though he fought an action with ' An old See also:

• DRAWING

drawing still exists showing this elaborate work; it is engraved in the Hierurgia anglicana, p . 267 (London, 1848) . Many hundreds of fragments of this terra-cotta sculpture were found a few years ago hidden under the See also:

• FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

floor of the See also:

• TRIFORIUM

triforium in the 'abbey; they are .infortunately too much broken and imperfect to be fitted together .. the French in See also:

• BANTRY

Bantry See also:

• BAY

Bay on the loth of May he failed to baffle panions of the See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

Bath upon the revival of that order in 1725 .

In 1727 See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George II. on his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession made him first lord of the See also:

• ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

admiralty, and his See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration was distinguished by the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the Royal Naval See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College at See also:

• PORTSMOUTH
• PORTSMOUTH, EARLS OF
• PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE

Portsmouth . He died on the 17th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1733, and was buried at Southill, in See also:

• BEDFORDSHIRE [abbreviated Beds]

Bedfordshire . Two of his eleven sons, Pattee (1699–1747) and George (1701-1750), became respectively the 2nd and 3rd viscounts . The See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title is still held by the descendants of See also:

• VIE

Vie latter . See See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs See also:

• RELATING

relating to Lord Torrington, See also:

• CAMDEN
• CAMDEN, CHARLES PRATT, 1ST EARL (1714-1794)
• CAMDEN, JOHN JEFFREYS PRATT, 2ND EARL
• CAMDEN, WILLIAM (1551-1623)

Camden See also:

• SOC

Soc., new See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series 46, and A True See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

Account of the Expedition of the British Fleet to See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily 1718-1720, published anonymously, but known to be by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas Corbett of the admiralty in 1739 . See also:

• FORBIN, CLAUDE DE (1656—1733)

Forbin's Memoirs contain the French See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the expedition to See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland in 1708 .