See also:

• TRACHYTE (Gr. rpaxus, rough)

TRACHYTE (Gr. rpaxus, rough)  , in See also:

• PETROLOGY

petrology, a See also:

• GROUP

group of volcanic rocks which consist mainly of sanidine (or glassy See also:

• ORTHOCLASE

orthoclase) See also:

• FELSPAR, or FELDSPAR

felspar . Very often they have See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute irregular See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam cavities which make the broken surfaces of specimens of these rocks rough and irregular, and from this See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character they have derived their name . It was first given by }fatly to certain rocks of this class from See also:

• AUVERGNE

Auvergne, and was See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long used in a much wider sense than that defined above, in fact it included See also:

• QUARTZ

quartz-trachytes (now known as liparites and rhyolites) and See also:

• OLIGOCLASE

oligoclase-trachytes, which are now more properly assigned to andesites . The trachytes are often described as being the volcanic equivalents of the plutonic syenites . Their dominant See also:

• MINERAL

mineral, sanidine felspar, very commonly occurs in two generations, i.e. both as large well-shaped porphyritic crystals and in smaller imperfect rods or laths forming a finely crystalline groundmass . With this there is practically always a smaller amount of See also:

• PLAGIOCLASE

plagioclase, usually oligoclase; but the potash felspar (sanidine) often contains a considerable See also:

• PRO

pro-portion of the soda felspar, and has rather the characteristics of anorthoclase or cryptoperthite than of pure sanidine . Quartz is typically absent from the trachytes, but See also:

• TRIDYMITE

tridymite (which likewise consists of See also:

• SILICA

silica) is by no means uncommon in them . It is rarely in crystals large enough to be visible without the aid of the See also:

• MICROSCOPE (Gr. µucp6s, small, asenreiv, to %view)

microscope, but in thin slides it may appear as small hexagonal plates, which overlap and See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form dense aggregates, like a See also:

• MOSAIC (corresponding to Lat. opus musivum, from Gr. µovoeiov, an artificial grotto often decorated with mosaics; the word is only found in the sense of mosaic in late Greek, which generally uses k oXI yrlµa)

mosaic or like the tiles on a roof . They often See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover the surfaces of the larger felspars or See also:

• LINE

line the steam cavities of the See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock, where they may be mingled with amorphous See also:

• OPAL

opal or fibrous See also:

• CHALCEDONY, or CALCEDONY (sometimes called by old writers cassidoine)

chalcedony . In the older trachytes secondary quartz is not rare, and probably sometimes results from the recrystallization of tridymite . Of the ferromagnesian minerals See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• AUGITE

augite is the most See also:

• COMMON

common . It is usually of See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, and its small crystals are often very perfect in form .

See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown See also:

• HORNBLENDE

hornblende and See also:

• BIOTITE

biotite occur also, and are usually surrounded by See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black corrosion See also:

• BORDERS, THE

borders composed of See also:

• MAGNETITE

magnetite and See also:

• PYROXENE

pyroxene . Some-times the replacement is See also:

• COMPLETE

complete and no hornblende or biotite is See also:

• LEFT

left, though the outlines of the cluster of magnetite and augite may clearly indicate from which of these minerals it was derived . See also:

• OLIVINE

Olivine is unusual, though found in some trachytes, like those of the Arso in See also:

• ISCHIA (Gr. II19r)KO"va, Lat. Aenaria, in poetry Inarime)

Ischia . Basic varieties of plagioclase, such as See also:

• LABRADORITE, or LABRADOR SPAR

labradorite, are known also as phenocrysts in some See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian trachytes . Dark brown varieties of augite and rhombic pyroxene (See also:

• HYPERSTHENE

hypersthene or See also:

• BRONZITE

bronzite) have been observed but are not common . See also:

• APATITE

Apatite, See also:

• ZIRCON

zircon and magnetite are practically always present as unimportant See also:

• ACCESSORY

accessory minerals . The trachytes being very See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in potash felspar, necessarily contain considerable amounts of alkalis; in this character they approach the phonolites . Occasionally minerals of the felspathoid group, such as See also:

• NEPHELINE

nepheline, See also:

• SODALITE

sodalite and See also:

• LEUCITE

leucite, occur, and rocks of this See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind are known as phonolitic trachytes . The soda-bearing amphiboles and pyroxenes so characteristic of the phonolites may also be found in some trachytes; thus aegirine or aegironic augite forms outgrowths on See also:

• DIOPSIDE

diopside crystals, and riebeckite may be present in spongy growths among the felspars of the groundmass (as in the See also:

• TRACHYTE (Gr. rpaxus, rough)

trachyte of Berkum on the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine) . Trachytic rocks are typically porphyritic, and some of the best-known examples, such as the trachyte of Drachenfels on the Rhine, show this character excellently, having large sanidine crystals of See also:

• TABULAR

tabular form an See also:

• INCH (O. Eng. ynce from Lat. uncia, a twelfthpart; cf. " ounce," and see As)

inch or two in length scattered through their See also:

• FINE

fine-grained groundmass . In many trachytes, however, the phenocrysts are few and small, and the ground-See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass comparatively coarse . The ferromagnesian minerals rarely occur in large crystals, and are usually not conspicuous in See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand specimens of these rocks .

Two types of ground-mass are generally recognized: the trachytic, composed mainly of long, narrow, sub-parallel rods of sanidine, and the orthophyric, consisting of small, squarish or rectangular prisms of the same mineral . Sometimes granular augite or spongy riebeckite occurs in the groundmass, but as a See also:

• RULE

rule this See also:

• PART

part of the rock is highly felspathic . Glassy forms of trachyte (obsidians) occur, as in See also:

• ICELAND (Dan. Island)

Iceland, and pumiceous varieties are known (in See also:

• TENERIFFE [Tenerife]

Teneriffe and elsewhere), but these rocks as contrasted with the rhyolites have a remark-ably strong tendency to crystallize, and are rarely to any considerable extent vitreous . Trachytes are well represented among the See also:

• TERTIARY

Tertiary and See also:

• RECENT

Recent volcanic rocks of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . In See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain they occur in See also:

• SKYE

Skye as See also:

• LAVA

lava flows and as dikes or intrusions, but they are much more common on the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent of Europe, as in the Rhine See also:

• DISTRICT

district and the See also:

• EIFEL

Eifel, also in Auvergne, Bohemia and the Euganean Hills . In the neighbourhood of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples and the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of Ischia trachytic lavas and tuffs are of common occurrence . In See also:

• AMERICA

America trachytes are less frequent, being known in S . Dakota (Black Hills) . In Iceland, the See also:

• AZORES (Acores), or WESTERN ISLANDS

Azores, Teneriffe and See also:

• ASCENSION
• ASCENSION, FEAST OF THE

Ascension there are Recent trachytic lavas, and rocks of this kind occur also in New See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales (Cambewarra range), See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, See also:

• MADAGASCAR

Madagascar, See also:

• ADEN

Aden and in many other districts . Among the older volcanic rocks trachytes also are not scarce, though they have often been described under the names orthophyre and orthoclase-See also:

• PORPHYRY (IlopcPisptos) (A.D. 233-c. 304)

porphyry, while "trachyte " was reserved for Tertiary and Recent rocks of similar See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England there are See also:

• PERMIAN

Permian trachytes in the See also:

• EXETER
• EXETER, EARL, MARQUESS AND DUKE OF

Exeter district, and Carboniferous trachytes are found in many parts of the central valley of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland . The latter differ in no essential respect from their See also:

• MODERN

modern representatives in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy and the Rhine valley, but their augite and biotite are often replaced by See also:

• CHLORITE

chlorite and other secondary products .

Permian trachytes occur also in Thuringia and the See also:

• SAAR

Saar district in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany . Closely allied to the trachytes are the Keratophyres, which occur mainly in Palaeozoic strata in the Harz (Germany), in the See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern Uplands of Scotland, in See also:

• CORNWALL

Cornwall, &c . They are usually porphyritic and fluidal; and consist mainly of See also:

• ALKALI

alkali felspar (anorthoclase principally, but also See also:

• ALBITE

albite and orthoclase), with a small quantity of chlorite and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron oxides . Many of them are lavas, butfor a lengthy monograph on a subject, dealing with it technically and authoritatively, whereas a See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract is understood to be brief and rather argumentative than educational . There is, again, the rarer word tractate, which is not a tract, in the precise sense, so much as a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TREATISE

treatise . The word " tract " has come to be used for brief discourses of a moral and religious character only, and in modern practice it seems to be mainly confined to serious and hortatory themes . An See also:

• ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

essay on See also:

• POETRY

poetry, or the description of a passage of scenery, would not be styled a tract . In the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• WORLD

world, the tract which See also:

• LUTHER, MARTIN (1483-1546)

Luther composed in 1520, on the Babylonish captivity, has been taken more or less as the type of this See also:

• SPECIES

species of literature, which, however, existed long before his See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, both in Latin and in the See also:

• VERNACULAR (Lat. verna, dim. vernaculus, a slave horn in his master's house)

vernacular See also:

• TONGUES, GIFT OF, or GLOSSOLALIA (yXwova, tongue, aXeiv, speak)

tongues of western Europe . It is difficult, if not impossible, in See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• HISTORY

history, to distinguish the tract from other cognate forms of moralizing literature, but it may perhaps be said that the homilies of A3lfric (955-1025?) are the earliest specimens of this class in See also:

• ENGLISH

English literature . Four centuries later Wyclif issued a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of tracts, which were remarkable for their vigour, and exercised a strong See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology . See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop Reginald See also:

• PECOCK (or PEACOCK), REGINALD (c. 1395-c. 1460)

Pecock published many controversial tracts between 1440 and 1460 . See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas More, See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• FISHER
• FISHER, ALVAN (1792–1863)
• FISHER, GEORGE PARK (1827-1909)
• FISHER, JOHN (c. 1469-1535)
• FISHER, JOHN ARBUTHNOT FISHER, 1ST BARON

Fisher (d .

1535) and See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• TYNDALE (or TINDALE), WILLIAM (c. 1492-1536)

Tyndale were prominent writers of controversial See also:

• TREATISES

treatises . It was the See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin Marprelate agitation, in the reign of See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth, which led from 1588 to 1591 to the most copious See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of tracts in English literature; of these nearly See also:

• THIRTY

thirty survive . On the Puritan See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal writers were John Udall (1560-1592), See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• BARROWE, HENRY (? 1550-1593)

Barrowe (d . 1593), John See also:

• PENRY, JOHN (1559-1593)

Penry (1559-1593) and See also:

• JOB

Job See also:

• THROCKMORTON (or THROGMORTON), FRANCIS, 4
• THROCKMORTON (or THROGMORTON), SIR

Throckmorton (1545-1601), the tracts being printed in the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of the last-mentioned; on the side of the Established See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church the principal authors were Bishop Thomas See also:

• COOPER
• COOPER (or COUPER), THOMAS (c. 1517-1594)
• COOPER, ABRAHAM (1787—1868)
• COOPER, ALEXANDER (d. i66o)
• COOPER, CHARLES HENRY (18o8-1866)
• COOPER, JAMES FENIMORE (1789-1851)
• COOPER, PETER (1791-1883)
• COOPER, SAMUEL (1609-1672)
• COOPER, SIR ASTLEY PASTON (1768-1841)
• COOPER, THOMAS (1759–1840)
• COOPER, THOMAS (1805–1892)
• COOPER, THOMAS SIDNEY (1803–1902)

Cooper (1517-1594) and the poets See also:

• LYLY (LILLY, or LYLIE), JOHN (1553–1606)

Lyly and See also:

• NASH, RICHARD (1674-1762)

Nash . An enormous collection of tracts was published between 1717 and 1720 in elucidation of what is known as the Bangorian Controversy, set in See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion by a See also:

• SERMON (Lat. sermo, a discourse)

sermon of See also:

• BENJAMIN
• BENJAMIN, JUDAHPHILIP (1811-1884)

Benjamin See also:

• HOADLY, BENJAMIN (1676-1761)

Hoadly, bishop of See also:

• BANGOR
• BANGOR (formerly BANGOR FAWR, as distinguished from several other towns of this name in Wales, Ireland, Brittany, &c.)

Bangor, on " The Nature of the See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom of See also:

• CHRIST (Gr. X pLQTOS, Anointed)
• CHRIST, WILHELM VON (1831-1906)

Christ " (1717) . See also:

• CONVOCATION
• CONVOCATION (Lat. convocatio, a calling together)

Convocation considered this a treatise likely to impugn and impeach the royal supremacy in religious questions . A vast number of writers took part in the dispute, and Thomas See also:

• SHERLOCK, THOMAS (1678-1761)
• SHERLOCK, WILLIAM (c. 1641-1707)

Sherlock (1678-1761) See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into disgrace through the violence of his contributions to it . Convocation was finally obliged to give way . The most famous collection of tracts published in the course of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century was that produced from 1833 onwards by See also:

• NEWMAN, FRANCIS WILLIAM (1805-1897)
• NEWMAN, JOHN HENRY (1801-1890)

Newman, See also:

• KEBLE, JOHN (1792-1866)

Keble and E . B . See also:

• PUSEY, EDWARD BOUVERIE (1800-1882)

Pusey, under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of " Tracts for the Times." Among these Pusey's " Tract on See also:

• BAPTISM

Baptism" (1835) and his " On the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• EUCHARIST (Gr. evXapurria, thanksgiving)

Eucharist" (1836) had a profound effect in leading directly to the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of the High Church party, so much so that the epithet " Tractarian " was barbarously coined to designate those who wished to oppose the spread of See also:

• RATIONALISM (from Lat. rationalis, pertaining to reason, ratio)

rationalism by a quickening of the Church of England . In 1841 Newman's " Tract No .

XC." was condemned by the heads of houses in See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, and led to the definite organization of the High Church forces . (X.) Tract See also:

• SOCIETIES, LEARNED

Societies are agencies for the production and See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution, or the distribution only, of See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian literature, more especially in SiO2 Al20, Fe202 FeO MgO CaO Na2O See also:

• K20

K20 See also:

• H2O (combined)

H2O Riebeckite trachyte, Hohenberg, Berkum, Rhenish See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia . . 66•o6 16.46 2.25 1.10 0.19 0.79 6.81 5.52 0.62 Keratophyre, See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill, See also:

• PEEBLES

Peebles, Scotland 64.38 16.98 4.04 - 0'28 1.08 7.57 4.30 1.64 Trachyte (Orthophyre) Garleton Hill, See also:

• HADDINGTON
• HADDINGTON, EARL OF

Haddington,Scotland . . 61.35 16.88 0.41 5.01 0.44 2.39 5.26 6.12 1.70 Trachyte, See also:

• MONTE

Monte Nuovo, Phlegraean See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

Fields, near Naples, Italy . . . 60.33 18.74 2.84 1.29 0.38 1.15 7.15 7.30 0.56 Trachyte, Algersdorf, Bohemia 64.69 18.39 - 3.44 0.49 1.72 4.61 6.46 0.24 others are probably dikes or thin intrusions . As the analyses given above will show, they differ from trachytes mainly in being richer in soda . U . S .