See also:

• TRIESTE (Ger. Triest; Slay. Trst; the Roman Tergeste, q.v.)

TRIESTE (Ger. Triest; Slay. Trst; the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• TERGESTE (mod. Trieste, q.v.)

Tergeste, q.v.)  , the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal seaport of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria . 367 m . S.W. of See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna by See also:

• RAIL

rail . Pop . (1900), 132,879, of which three-fourths are Italians, the See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder being composed of Germans, See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews, Greeks, See also:

• ENGLISH

English and See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French . See also:

• TRIESTE (Ger. Triest; Slay. Trst; the Roman Tergeste, q.v.)

Trieste is situated at the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east See also:

• ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle of the Adriatic See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, on the Gulf of Trieste, and is picturesquely built on terraces at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the See also:

• KARST

Karst hills . The aspect of the See also:

• TOWN

town is See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian rather than See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German . It is divided into the old and the new town, which are connected by the broad and handsome Via del Corso, the busiest See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

street in the town . The old town, nestling See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the Schlossberg, the See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill on which the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle stands, consists of narrow, steep and irregular streets . The castle, built in 1680, is believed to occupy the site of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman capitol . The new town, which lies on the See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat expanse adjoining the See also:

• CRESCENT (Lat. crescens, growing)

crescent-shaped See also:

• BAY

bay, partly on ground that has been reclaimed from the sea, has large and regularly built streets, and several large squares adorned with See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic monuments . The See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of See also:

• SAN

San Giusto was formed as it now stands by the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union in the 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century of three adjacent See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian buildings of the 6th century; the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower incorporates portions of a Roman See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple .

The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of See also:

• SANTA

Santa Maria See also:

• MAGGIORE, LAGO (Lacus Verbanus of the Romans; Fr. Lac Majeur; Ger. Langensee)

Maggiore, built in 1627–1682, is a characteristic specimen of Jesuit See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture; the church of Sant' See also:

• ANTONIO
• ANTONIO (1429—1498)
• ANTONIO, NICOLAS (1617-1684)

Antonio Nuovo, built in 1827–1849, is in the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, as also • the Greek Orthodox church, built in 1782, which is one of the handsomest See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine structures in the whole of Austria . Among the most prominent See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular buildings are: the Tergesteo, a huge edifice containing a cruciform See also:

• ARCADE

arcade roofed with See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass, where the See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange is established, besides numerous shops and offices; the town-See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, rebuilt in 1874, with the handsome hall of the See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• DIET

Diet; the imposing old exchange, now the seat of the chamber of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce; the palatial offices of the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• LLOYD, EDWARD (1845— )
• LLOYD, WILLIAM (1627–1717)
• LLOYD, WILLIAM WATKISS (1813–1893)

Lloyd, the principal See also:

• SHIPPING

shipping See also:

• COMPANY

company; the commercial and nautical See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy, with its natural See also:

• HISTORY

history museum, containing the See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• FAUNA

fauna of the Adriatic Sea; and finally the municipal museum, Revoltella, are all See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth mentioning . The Museo Lapidario contains a collection of Roman antiquities found in or near the town . It is an open-See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air museum, installed in a disused See also:

• BURIAL

burial-ground, and is situated near the castle . The Arco di Riccardo, which derives its name from a popular delusion that it was connected with See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Coeur-de-See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion, is believed by some to be a Roman triumphal See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

arch, but is probably an arch of a Roman See also:

• AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

aqueduct . At the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial establishments of Trieste stand the two See also:

• SHIP

ship-See also:

• BUILDING

building yards of the Austrian Lloyd and of the Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino, which are the largest of their See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind in Austria . The Stabilimento Tecnico is also fitted up for the construction of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war-See also:

• SHIPS

ships . They are equipped with all the latest technical innovations, and employ over 5000 workmen . See also:

• PETROLEUM (Lat. Petra, rock, and oleuin, oil)

Petroleum refineries, See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-foundries, chemicals, See also:

• SOAP

soap-boiling, See also:

• SILK

silk-See also:

• SPINNING (from O. Eng. spinnen, to spin, cf. Ger. spinnen, &c., the Teut. root is seen, to draw out, cf. span, spider)

spinning and the See also:

• PRODUCTION (Lat. productionem, from producere, to pro-duce)

production of ships' fittings, as marine See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam boilers, anchors, chains, cables, are the other principal branches of See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry . Several See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble quarries are worked in the neighbourhood, and there are some large See also:

• CEMENT (from Lat. caementum, rough pieces of stone, a shortened form of caedimentum, from caedere, to cut)

cement factories . See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit and See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive oil are the most important natural products of the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country round Trieste . The See also:

• GREAT

great importance of Trieste lies in its See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade .

It is the first See also:

• PORT

port of Austria, and the principal outlet for the over-sea trade of the See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

monarchy . It may be said nearly to monopolize the trade of the Adriatic, and has See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long eclipsed its See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• RIVAL

rival See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice . It owes its development to its See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

geographical situation in the north-east angle of the Adriatic Sea at the end of the deeply indented gulf, and to its See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour, which was more accessible to large vessels than that of Venice . Besides, it was declared a See also:

• FREE

free imperial port in 1719, and was therefore released from the obstructions to trade contained in the hampering legislation of the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period . It was deprived of this See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege in 1891, when only the harbour was declared to be outside the customs limit . But during the last See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years of the 19th century the increase in its trade was the lowest in comparison with the increase in the other great See also:

• EUROPEAN

European ports . This was due in the first See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place to the lack of adequate railway communication with the interior of Austria, to the loss of See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• LEVANT

Levant trade through the development of the See also:

• ORIENTAL

Oriental railway See also:

• SYSTEM

system, to the diversion of See also:

• TRAFFIC

traffic towards the Italian and German ports, and finally to the growing rivalry of the neighbouring port of See also:

• FIUME (Slay. Rjeka, Rieka or Reka, Ger. St Veit am Flaum)

Fiume, whose interests were vigorously promoted by the Hungarian See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . But in the loth century a more active policy was inaugurated . New and See also:

• DIRECT

direct services were started to East See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, Central See also:

• AMERICA

America and See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico; the service to See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India and the Far East, as well as that to the Mediterranean ports, was much improved; and lastly, Trieste was made the centre of the large See also:

• EMIGRATION (from Lat. emigrare; e, ex, out of, and migrare, to depart)

emigration from Austria to America by the inauguration (See also:

• JUNE

June 1904) of a direct emigrant service to New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York . But the most important measure, designed to give a great impetus to the trade of Trieste, and to the over-sea trade of Austria generally, was the construction of the so-called second railway connexion with Trieste, begun in 1901 . This measure provided for the construction of a railway over the Tauern Mountains between Schwarzach in See also:

• SALZBURG

Salzburg and Mollbrucken in See also:

• CARINTHIA (Ger. Kdrnten)

Carinthia; and of a railway over the Karawanken between Trieste and See also:

• KLAGENFURT (Slovene, Celovec)

Klagenfurt, with a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch to See also:

• VILLACH

Villach . The See also:

• TOTAL

total length of both lines is See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo m .

The Karawanken railway, a direct connexion with Bohemia and the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern industrial provinces of Austria, is calculated to counteract the See also:

• GRAVITATION (from Lat. gravis, heavy)

gravitation of traffic towards the German ports; while the Tauern railway constitutes the shortest route to the interior of Austria and to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany . By the new See also:

• LINE

line the distance between Salzburg, for instance, and Trieste, is lessened by 16o in . In See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to accommodate the increase in traffic resulting from the above improvements, important See also:

• WORKS

works for the See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension and development of the harbour were undertaken, and part of them were completed in 1910 . The capacious harbour, consisting of two parts, the old and the new, is protected by extensive moles and breakwaters . The new harbour was constructed in 1867–1883, at a cost of £I,5oo,000 . The new additions to the harbour, which aresituated at the south end, were designed to give more than See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double the receiving capacity of the port, and were estimated to cost f3,625,000 . The bulk of the over-sea trade of Trieste is done with the Levant, See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, India and the Far East, See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain and North and South America . Its most important trade by See also:

• LAND

land, besides Austria, is done with Germany, Trieste being the See also:

• ENTREPOT (a French word, from the Lat. interpositum, that which is placed between)

entrepot for Germany's commerce with India and the Mediterranean countries . The principal articles imported are See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and cotton goods, See also:

• COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee-, See also:

• COAL

coal, cereals, hides, fruit and See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco; the principal articles exported are See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool and woollen goods; See also:

• SUGAR

sugar, See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, See also:

• TIMBER

timber, machinery and various manufactured goods . About 4 M. north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of Trieste on the very edge of the sea is the famous castle of Miramar, built in 1854–1856 in the See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman style, for the See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

archduke See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian, the See also:

• ILL

ill-fated See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of Mexico . It belongs now to the emperor of Austria, and its beautiful gardens are open to the public . About 4 M. north-east of Trieste is the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Opcina, which possesses an See also:

• OBELISK (Gr. b/3EXivrcos, diminutive of OEMs, a spit)

obelisk 1146 ft. high, from which a beautiful view is obtained .

The town of Trieste, with its adjoining territory of a total See also:

• AREA

area of 36 sq. m., forms a See also:

• SEPARATE

separate Austrian See also:

• CROWN

crown land . It had in 19oo a See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of 178,672, of which 77 % were Italians, 18% See also:

• SLOVENES [Slovenci, Ger. Winden, to be distinguished from the Slovaks (q.v.) and from the Slovinci (see KASHUBES) west of Danzig]

Slovenes and 5% Germans . The municipal See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of Trieste constitutes at the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time' the local Diet of the crown land, and is composed of 54 members . To the Reichsrat Tmieste sends five deputies . Trieste is the seat of a Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop, and the seat of the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration for the See also:

• KUSTENLAND (coast-land or littoral)

Kustenland or littoral, composed of the crown lands of Trieste, See also:

• GORZ (Ital. Gorizia ; Slovene, Gorica)

Gorz and See also:

• GRADISCA

Gradisca, and See also:

• ISTRIA (Ger. Istrien)

Istria . History.—At the time of the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of See also:

• AQUILEIA

Aquileia by the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans, the See also:

• DISTRICT

district which now includes Trieste was occupied by See also:

• CELTIC

Celtic and Illyrian tribes; and the Roman See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of See also:

• TERGESTE (mod. Trieste, q.v.)

Tergeste (q.v.) does not seem to have been established till the reign of See also:

• VESPASIAN

Vespasian . After the break-up of the Roman dominion Trieste shared the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general fortunes of Istria and passed through various hands . From the emperor See also:

• LOTHAIR (825-869)
• LOTHAIR (941–986)

Lothair it received an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent existence under its See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count-bishops, and it 'maintained this position down to its See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture by Venice in 1203 . For the next 18o years its history consists chiefly of a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of conflicts with this See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, which were finally put an end to by Trieste placing itself in 1382 under the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold III. of Austria . The overlordship thus established insensibly See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed into actual See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession; and except in the See also:

• NAPOLEONIC

Napoleonic period (1797-1805 and 1809–1813) Trieste has since remained an integral part of the Austrian dominions . It was an imperial free port from 1719 until 1891 . The harbour was blockaded by an Italian See also:

• FLEET

fleet from May until See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1848 .

During the Italian and Hungarian revolutions Trieste remained faithful to Austria, and received the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• CILIA (plural of Lat. cilium, eyelash)

Cilia Fedelissima . In 1867 Trieste and the adjoining territory was constituted into a separate crown land . In 1888 a See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument was erected in See also:

• COMMEMORATION

commemoration of the 5ooth anniversary of the connexion of the town with Austria . Giulio Caprin, Trieste (See also:

• BERGAMO
• BERGAMO (anc. Bergomum)

Bergamo, 1906) ; Mainati's Croniche ossia memorie See also:

• STAR

star.- sacra- profane di Trieste (7 vols., Venice, 1817–'818); Lowenthal, Gesch. der Stadt Triest (Trieste, 1857) ; Della Croce, Storia di Trieste (ibid., 1879) ; Scussa . Storia cronografica di Trieste (ibid., new ed., 1885–1886) ; See also:

• NEUMANN, FRANZ ERNST (1798-1895)
• NEUMANN, KARL FRIEDRICH (1793-1870)

Neumann-Spallart, Osterreichs maritime Entwicklung and See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Hebung von Triest (See also:

• STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1882); Die osterreich-ungarische Monarchie: Das Kustenland (Vienna, 1891); See also:

• MONTANELLI, GIUSEPPE (1813-1862)

Montanelli, Il Movimento storico dellts popolazione di Trieste (1905); Hartleben, Fuhrer durch Triest and Umgebung (5th ed .. Vienna, 1905) .