See also:

• TRIPHENYLMETHANE (C6H6)3CH

TRIPHENYLMETHANE (See also:

• C6H6

C6H6)3CH  , a See also:

• HYDROCARBON

hydrocarbon, important as being the See also:

• PARENT, SIMON NAPOLEON (1855– )

parent substance of several See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of exceedingly valuable dyestuffs, e.g. rosanilines and See also:

• MALACHITE

malachite greens derived from aminotriphenylmethanes, and aurins and phthaleins de-rived from oxytriphenylmethanes . It is obtained by condensing benzal chloride with See also:

• MERCURY
• MERCURY (MERCU1uus)
• MERCURY (symbol Hg, atomic weight = 2oo)

mercury See also:

• DIPHENYL (phenyl benzene), C6H5

diphenyl (See also:

• KEKULE, FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1829-1896)

Kekule and Franchimont, Ber., 1872, 5, p . 9c7-); from benzal chloride or benzotrichloride and See also:

• ZINC

zinc dust or See also:

• ALUMINIUM (symbol Al; atomic weight 27.0)

aluminium chloride; from See also:

• CHLOROFORM (trichlor-methane), CHC13

chloroform or See also:

• CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12)

carbon tetrachloride and See also:

• BENZENE, C6H6

benzene in the presence of aluminium chloride; and deamidating di- and tri-aminotriphenylmethane with nitrous See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid and See also:

• ALCOHOL

alcohol (0. and E . See also:

• FISCHER
• FISCHER, EMIL (1852– )
• FISCHER, ERNST KUNO BERTHOLD (1824–1907)

Fischer, See also:

• ANN

Ann., 1881, 206, p . 152) . The last reaction is most important, for it established the connexion between this hydrocarbon and the rosanilines . See also:

• TRIPHENYLMETHANE, (C6H6)3CH

Triphenylmethane is a See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white crystalline solid, melting at 92° and boiling at 358° . It separates from benzene and thiophene with one See also:

• MOLECULE (from mod. Lat. molecula, the diminutive of moles, a mass)

molecule of the " solvent of See also:

• CRYSTALLIZATION

crystallization." On oxidation it gives triphenylcarbinol, (See also:

• C6H5

C6H5)3C•OH, and reduction with hydriodic acid and red See also:

• PHOSPHORUS (Gr. 4ws, light, sPEpety, to bear)

phosphorus gives benzene and See also:

• TOLUENE, or METHYLBENZENE

toluene . It combines with See also:

• POTASSIUM [symbol K (from kalium), atomic weight 39.114 0=16)]

potassium to give (C6H5)3CK, which with carbon dioxide gives potassium triphenylacetate, (C6H5)3C CO2K . Fuming nitric acid gives a paratrinitro substitution derivative which on reduction gives paraleucaniline; the See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt of the carbinol formed on oxidizing this substance is the valuable dye rosaniline . Considerable See also:

• INTEREST

interest is attached to the remarkable series of See also:

• HYDROCARBONS

hydrocarbons obtained by Gomberg (Ber., 1900, 33, p . 3150, et seq.) by acting on triphenylmethane chloride (from triphenylmethane carbinol and phosphorus pentachloride, or from carbon tetra-chloride and benzene in the presence of aluminium chloride) and its homologues with zinc, See also:

• SILVER

silver or mercury .

Triphenylmethane chloride yields triphenylmethyl; ditolylphenylmethyl and tritolylmethyl have also been prepared . They behave as unsaturated compounds, combining with See also:

• OXYGEN (symbol 0, atomic weight 16)

oxygen to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form peroxides and with the See also:

• HALOGENS

halogens to form triarylmethane halides . Triphenylmethyl also combines with See also:

• ETHERS

ethers and See also:

• ESTERS

esters, but the compounds so formed are unsaturated . In the solid See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state triphenyl is colourless, crystal-See also:

• LINE

line and bimolecular . It was thought that it might be identical with hexaphenylethane, but the supposed See also:

• SYNTHESIS (Gr. a6vOeacs, from avvrcBivac, to put together)

synthesis of this sub-stance by See also:

• ULLMANN, KARL (1796-1865)

Ullmann and Borsum (Ber., 1902, 35, p . 2897) appeared to disprove this, although it showed that triphenylmethyl readily isomerized into their product, under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of catalysts . A.E . Tschitschibabin (Ber., 1908, 41, p . 2421), however, has shown that Ullmann and Borsum's preparation was See also:

• PARA
• PARA (officially BELEM; sometimes BELEM DO PARA)

para-benzhydroltetraphenylmethane (C6H5)2CH•See also:

• C6H4
• C6H4(CH213r)2

C6H4•C(C6H5)3; and the view that solid triphenylmethyl is hexaphenylethane has much in its favour . Another remarkable fact is that these substances yield coloured solutions in organic solvents; triphenylmethyl gives a yellow See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution, whilst ditolylphenyl and tritolylmethyls give See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

orange solutions which on warming turn to a See also:

• VIOLET

violet and to a See also:

• MAGENTA

magenta, the changes being reversed on cooling . Several views have been published to explain this fact . A See also:

• SUMMARY

summary is given by Tschitschibabin (Journ. prak .

Chem., 1907 (ii.), 74, p . 340) . It appears probable that the solutions contain a quinonoid modification (ssee Gomberg and See also:

• CONE (Gr. Kwvos)

Cone, Ann., 1909, 370, p . 142) .