See also:

• TRIPOLI
• TRIPOLI (Tarabulus el-Gharb, i.e. Tripoli of the West)
• TRIPOLI, or TARABULUS (anc. Tripolis)

TRIPOLI, or TARABULUS (anc. Tripolis)  , the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• TOWN

town of a sanjak of the same name in the See also:

• BEIRUT

Beirut vilayet of See also:

• SYRIA

Syria, situated about 2 M. inland from its See also:

• PORT

port, al-See also:

• MINA, FRANCISCO ESPOZ Y (1781-1836)

Mina . The See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient Phoenician See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city, which we know only by its See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek name of Tripolis, was the seat in See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian times of the federal See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of See also:

• SIDON (Phoen. ins, Hebrew 1-rs, Assyr. Sidunnu, Egypt. Diduna)

Sidon, See also:

• TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" rock," Assyr. S'urru, Egypt. Dara, Early Lat. Sarra)

Tyre and Aradus, each of which cities had its See also:

• SEPARATE

separate See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter in the " triple town." In the 2nd and 1st centuries B.c., under Seleucid and See also:

• ROMAN

Roman influences successively, it struck autonomous coins . These are succeeded by imperial coins ranging from 32 B.C. to A.D . 221 . About 450, and again in 550, it was destroyed by See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake . The See also:

• ARABS

Arabs took it in 638 after a prolonged See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege, the inhabitants withdrawing by See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea . Moawiya recruited the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population by a See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews and gave it fortifications and a See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison against the See also:

• NAVAL

naval attacks of the Greeks, who, notwithstanding, retook it for a brief space in the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Abdalmalik . It was again taken by the Greeks in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of 966–69 and was besieged by See also:

• BASIL (Russ. VASILY)

Basil II. in 995, after which date it was held by a garrison in the pay of the Fatimite caliphs of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, who treated the city with favour and maintained in it a trading See also:

• FLEET

fleet . At this time, according to the description of Nasir Khosrau, who visited it in 1047, it See also:

• LAY

lay on the See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula of Al-Mina, bathed on three sides by the sea, and had about 20,000 inhabitants and important See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries of See also:

• SUGAR

sugar and See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper-making . Of the See also:

• GREAT

great sea-walls and towers there are still imposing remains . From this date till it was taken by the crusaders, after a five years' siege, in 1109, the ruling See also:

• FAMILY

family was that of `Ammar, which founded a library of over soo,000 volumes . Under the crusaders See also:

• TRIPOLI
• TRIPOLI (Tarabulus el-Gharb, i.e. Tripoli of the West)
• TRIPOLI, or TARABULUS (anc. Tripolis)

Tripoli continued to. flourish, exported See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass to See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice, and had 4000 looms .

In 1289 it was taken and destroyed by the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan See also:

• KOLA

Kola'un of Egypt, and a new city was begun on the See also:

• PRESENT

present site, which rapidly See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to importance . Its See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval prosperity has obliterated most See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics of remoter antiquity . Tripoli had a troubled existence during the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of See also:

• OTTOMAN

Ottoman weakness (the 18th and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early 19th centuries), being frequently in dispute between the See also:

• PASHA

pasha of See also:

• ALEPPO (native Haleb)

Aleppo and the See also:

• REBEL, JOHANN PETER (176o-1826)

rebel pashas of See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

Acre . After the See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of Syria it was made the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of a See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province in 1834; but in 184o it reverted to the See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor position which it now holds . It is connected by a See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage road with Horns and by a See also:

• STEAM
• STEAM (0. Eng. steam, vapour, smoke, cf. Du. steam; the origin is unknown)

steam See also:

• TRAMWAY

tramway with Beirut, and is the natural outlet of the upper See also:

• ORONTES

Orontes valley; but its inland See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade has been greatly damaged by the Horns-Aleppo railway . From its own See also:

• DISTRICT

district, however, it exports See also:

• SILK

silk, See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, oil, See also:

• SOAP

soap, See also:

• SPONGES

sponges, eggs and See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit, and is a prosperous and growing See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place with a large See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element in its population (about 30,000, the port-town included) . It is served regularly by the Levantine lines of steamers . (D . G .