See also:

• TUGELA (" Startling ")

TUGELA (" Startling ")  , a See also:

• RIVER

river of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, the largest in See also:

• NATAL

Natal . It drains, with its tributaries, an See also:

• AREA

area of about 8000 sq. m . The river valley is some rqo m. in length, the river, which has an exceedingly sinuous course is fully 300 m. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long . It rises, at an See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude of nearly 11,000 ft. in the See also:

• DRAKENSBERG (Quathlamba or Kahlamba, i.e. " heaped up and jagged," of the natives)

Drakensberg mountains on the eastern See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face of the Mont aux See also:

• SOURCES

Sources, down which it leaps in a nearly perpendicular fall of 'Soo ft . The river, which starts its See also:

• RACE

race to the ocean with a See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-east course, soon bends more directly east, and, with many windings north and south, maintains this See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general direction across the table-See also:

• LAND

land of north Natal until its junction with the See also:

• BUFFALO

Buffalo river, when it turns south . On its See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• BANK

bank in its upper course are the heights of Spion Kop and See also:

• VAAL

Vaal Kranz, and on its See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern bank, 56 m. east in a See also:

• DIRECT

direct See also:

• LINE

line from its source, is the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of See also:

• COLENSO
• COLENSO, JOHN WILLIAM (1814-1883)

Colenso, all three places being the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of ineffectual attempts (Dec . 1899-Feb . 19o0) by the See also:

• BRITISH

British troops under General See also:

• SIR

Sir Redvers See also:

• BULLER, CHARLES (1806–1848)
• BULLER, SIR REDVERS HENRY (1839-1908)

Buller to dislodge the Boers who blocked the road to See also:

• LADYSMITH

Ladysmith . Below Colenso are more waterfalls, and above the river is Pieter's See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill, the storming of which by the British, on the 27th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1900 at length led to the See also:

• RELIEF

relief of Ladysmith . Six See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles See also:

• LOWER

lower down the See also:

• TUGELA (" Startling ")

Tugela receives the Klip, which rises in the Drakensberg near See also:

• VAN

Van Reenen's Pass and flows by Ladysmith . Another northern tributary is the See also:

• SUNDAY

Sunday's river, which rises in the Biggarsberg . From the south the river is increased by several affluents, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief being the Mooi (Beautiful) river .

The Tugela-Mooi confluence is 44 M. south-east of Colenso at the See also:

• BASE

base of the Biggarsberg . Seven miles farther down the Tugela joins the Buffalo river, the See also:

• UNITED

united stream retaining, however, the name Tugela . The Buffalo has its origin in the Drakensberg near See also:

• MAJUBA (properly AMAJUBA, Zulu for "the hill of doves")

Majuba Hill and flows south with, also, a general trend to east . In its course, which is very winding, it receives numerous tributaries, one of them being the Ingogo, a small stream whose name recalls the fight on its See also:

• BANKS, GEORGE LINNAEUS (1821-1881)
• BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1816–1894)
• BANKS, SIR JOSEPH
• BANKS, THOMAS (1735-1805)

banks on the 8th of February 1881, between British and Boers . The chief aflluents are the Ingagani (from the south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west) and the See also:

• BLOOD

Blood (from the north-east), the last-named so called after the defeat of the Zulu See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king Dingaan, on the 16th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1838, by the Boers under Andries See also:

• PRETORIUS

Pretorius, when the river ran red with the blood of the Zulus . Eighteen miles in a direct line below the Blood confluence is Rorke's See also:

• DRIFT (from "drive ")

Drift, or See also:

• FORD, EDWARD ONSLOW
• FORD, JOHN (r586–c.1640)
• FORD, RICHARD (1796-1858)
• FORD, THOMAS (b. c. 158o)

ford across the river, and some 12 M. south-east of the drift is the hill of See also:

• ISANDHLWANA

Isandhlwana, both places rendered famous in the Zulu See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of 1878-79 . The junction with the Tugela is 30 M. in a direct line, farther south, the Buffalo river in that distance passing through a wooded and hilly region . Below the confluence of the two streams the Tugela flows south-east in a deep channel between lofty cliffs, or through See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild, See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone-strewn valleys until it reaches the narrow See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast See also:

• BELT (a word common to Teutonic languages, the Old Ger. form being bale, from which the Lat. balteus probably derived)
• BELT, THOMAS (1832-1878)

belt . Its mouth is nearly closed by a See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar, formed by the See also:

• ACTION

action of the ocean . The Tugela is thus useless for See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation . About 6 m. above the mouth are two forts, See also:

• PEARSON, CHARLES HENRY (1830-1894)
• PEARSON, JOHN (1612-1686)
• PEARSON, JOHN LOUGHBOROUGH (1817-1897)

Pearson and Tenedos, built by the British in 1879, during the war with the Zulus, to guard the passage of the river . Generally fordable in the See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter months, the Tugela is, after the heavy rains of summer, a deep and rapid river .

It is crossed, some 5 m. above the forts, by a railway See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge—the longest bridge in South Africa . From the junction of the Blood river with the Buffalo, that stream and subsequently the Tugela See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the boundary between Natal and See also:

• ZULULAND

Zululand .