Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

Encyclopedia Home

TUMOUR (Lat. tumor, a swelling)

TUNBRIDGE WELLS

TUNDRA (a Russian word, signifying a marshy plain)

atomic weight 184.o TUNGSTEN [symbol W (0=16)]

TUNIC (0. Eng. tunice, tunical, taken, before the Norman con-quest, directly from Lat. tunica, of which the origin is unknown)

TUNICLE (Lat. tunicella)

TUNISIA (Regency of Tunis)

TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

TUNNY (Thunnus thynnus)

TUNSTALL (or TONSTALL), CUTHBERT (1474-1559)

TUPIS (Comrades)

MARTIN FARQUHAR TUPPER (1810--1889)

BART SIR CHARLES TUPPER

TURBERVILLE (or TURBERVILE), GEORGE (154o?-1610?)

TURBET I HAIDARI

TURBINE (Lat. turbo, a whirlwind, a whirling motion ,or object, a top)

HENRI DE LA TOUR TURENNE

BARON DE ANNE ROBERT JACQUES TURGOT

IVAN TURGUENIEV (1818-1883)

TURKESTAN, or HAZRET

TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS

JAMES TURLE (1802–1882)

TURLOUGH LUINEACH

TURMERIC (from Fr. terre Write, turmeric, Lat. terra merita, deserved, i.e. excellent earth; Skeat suggests that it is a barbarous corruption, perhaps of Arabic karkam, kurkum, saffron or curcuma)

ADRIANUS [ADRIEN TURNEBE] TURNEBUS (1512–1565)

CHARLES TURNER (1773–1857)

JOSEPH MALLORD WILLIAM TURNER (1775–1851)

NAT TURNER (1800-1831)

SHARON TURNER (1768-1847)

SIR JAMES TURNER (1615–1686)

WILLIAM TURNER (d. 1568)

TURPENTINE (in M. Eng. turbentine, adapted through the O. Fr. turbentine or terebentine from Lat. terebinthina, sc. resina, resin of the terebinth, Gr. eepiOtvOos or eippavOos)

TURPIN (d. c. 800)

FRANCOIS HENRI TURPIN (17og-1799)

RICHARD [Drcx] TURPIN (1706-1739)

TURRET (from O. Fr. tourette, diminutive of tour, tower, mod. Fr. tourelle)

TURRET I HAIDARI

TURRETIN, or TURRETINI

TURRIS LIBISONIS (mod. Porto Torres, q.v.)

TUSCANA (mod. Toscanella, q.v.)

TUSCANY (Toscana)

MARIE TUSSAUD (1760-1850)

THOMAS TUSSER (c. 1524—1580)

TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

MARQUESSES OF TWEEDDALE

TWILL (connected with " two ")

THOMAS TWINING (1735-1804)

HORACE TWISS (1787-1849)

SIR TRAVERS TWISS (1809-1897)

SIR ROGER TWYSDEN (1597-1672)

JOHN TYLER (1790—1862)

MOSES COIT TYLER (1835—1900)

WAT [or WALTER] TYLER (d. 1381)

TYLOPODA (Gr. for boss-footed, in reference to the cushion-like pads forming the soles of the feet)

EDWARD BURNETT TYLOR (1832- )

TYMPANON, or TYMPANUM

TYNDALE (or TINDALE), WILLIAM (c. 1492-1536)

JOHN TYNDALL (182o-1893)

TYPHON (TYPHAON, TYPHOEUS)

TYPHOON (probably from the Arabic and Hindustani tufCat, a tempest, which is perhaps derived from Typhon, q.v.: the Chinese t'ai Tung, strong wind, is not used in application to typhoons)

TYPHUS FEVER (from Gr. ri 4 os, smoke or mist, in allusion to the stupor of the disease)

TYPOGRAPHY (i.e. writing by types)

TYRANT (Gr. r6pavvos, master, ruler)

TYRCONNELL (Tir-Conaill)

EARL [TITULAR DUKE] OF RICHARD TALBOT TYRCONNELL (1630-1691)

TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" rock," Assyr. S'urru, Egypt. Dara, Early Lat. Sarra)

EARLS OF TYRONE

GEORGE TYRRELL (1861-1909)

SIR JAMES TYRRELL (d. 1502)

THOMAS TYRWHITT (1730–1786)

WILLIAM TYTLER (1711-1792)

UAKARI (Ouakari)

OODEYPORE UDAIPUR

UDAL (Dan. odel)

NICHOLAS UDAL (1504—1556)

FRIEDRICH UEBERWEG (1826-1871)

FRITZ KARL HERMANN VON UHDE (1848– )

JOHANN LUDWIG UHLAND (1787-1862)

UIGHUR, or OUIGHOUR

NORTH AND SOUTH UIST

UJEST (Polish, Viast)

UJJAIN, or UJAIN

UJVIDEK (German, Neusatz)

UKAZ, or UKASE (Russ., from ukazat, a shortened form of ukazlivat, to show, announce, prescribe)

UKRAINE (" frontier ")

ULAN (formerly spelt Uhlan)

LOUIS ULBACH (1822-1889)

ULEABORG (Finnish, Oulu)

ULEMA (Arab. 'ulama, sing. 'alim, literally " knowers," in the sense of sciences)

KORFITS ULFELDT (1606-1664)

ULFILAS (c. 311-383)

WILLIAM BERNARD ULLATHORNE (1806-1889)

KARL ULLMANN (1796-1865)

ULPIAN (DoMrrIus ULPIANUS)

HERMANN ULRICI (1806-1884)

EARLS OF ULSTER

ULTIMATUM (from Lat. ultimus, last)

ULTRAMONTANISM (Lat. ultra, beyond, monies, the mountains)

MIRZA MAHOMMED BEN SHAH ULUGH BEG

ULUNDI (Zulu for " high place" )

UMBRA (Lat. for shade or shadow)

UMBRIA ('Opj3pucrl)

UNCTION (Lat. unctio, anointing, ungere, unguere, to smear with ointment, to anoint; cf. " ointment," O.Fr. oignement, from oigner, mod. oindre, to anoint)

UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF

UNDER THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC

UNDER THE ROYAL

UNDER THE UNITED

UNICORN (Lat. unicornis, for Gr. µovoKepws, having one horn; Fr. licorne; Ital. alicorno)

UNIFORM SECTION

UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

THE UNION LEAGUE OF AMERICA

UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST

UNITED FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND

UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND

UNITED METHODIST CHURCH, or UNITED METHODISTS

UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCHES

UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH (of Scotland)

UNITED PROVINCES OF AGRA AND OUDH (formerly known as the North-Western Provinces and Oudh)

UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY

UNITED STATES OF

THE UNITED STATES

DIMENSIONS OF UNITS

UNIVERSAL LANGUAGES

UNIVERSALIST CHURCH

UNIVERSITY COURTS

UNTON (or UMPTON), SIR HENRY (c. 1557-1596)

UPPER SIND FRONTIER

UPSALA, or UPPSALA

atomic weight 238.5 URANIUM [symbol U (0=16)]

URANUS (Heaven)

URBAN (Urbanus)

URBINO (anc. Urvinum Mataurense)

URBS SALVIA (mod. Urbisaglia)

UREA, or CARBAMIDE, CO(NH2)2

URGA (the Russian form of the Mongol Orgo = palace of a high official)

C5H4N403 URIC ACID

URICONIUM (more correctly Viroconium)

URIM AND THUMMIM

LAKE OF URMIA (also spelt URUMIAH)

URN (Lat. urna, either from root of urere, to burn, being made of burnt clay, or connected with urceus, Gr. I5pxa, jar)

UROTROPIN (hexamethylenetetramine)

DAVID URQUHART (1805-1877)

URQUHART, or URCHARD, SIR THOMAS (1611-166o)

URSA MAJOR (" THE GREAT BEAR ")

URSA MINOR (" THE LITTLE BEAR ")

PRINCESS DES MARIE ANNE DE LA TREMOILLE URSINS (1642-1722)

ZACHARIAS URSINUS (1534-1583)

CHRISTOPHER URSWICK (1448-1522)

URUGUAY (officially the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay, and long locally called the Banda Oriental, meaning the land on the eastern side of the river Uruguay, from which the country takes its name)

USAS (from the root vas, to shine, and cognate to Latin Aurora and Greek 'Hws,)

USELIS (mod. Usellus)

USHANT (Fr. Ouessant)

USHER (O. Fr. ussier, uissier, mod. huissier, from Lat. ostiarius, a door-keeper, ostium, doorway, entrance, os, mouth)

USHER (or USSHER), JAMES (1581-1656)

THOMAS USK (d. 1388)

UTAMARO (1754-1806)

UTILITARIANISM (Lat. utilis, useful)

TREATY OF UTRECHT

UZHITSE (also written Uzice and Ushitsa)

UZZIAH (Heb. for " Yah[weh] is [my] strength ")

VAALPENS (dusty-bellies)

VACARIUS (1120-1200?)

VACCINATION (from Lat. vacca, a cow)

VACCINATION AGAINST CHARBON

VACCINATION AGAINST ROUGET

ETIENNE VACHEROT (1809-1897)

AUGUSTE VACQUERIE (1819-1895)

VACZ (Ger. Waitzen)

VAGRANCY (formed from " vagrant," wandering, unsettled; this word appears in Anglo-Fr. as wakerant and O.Fr. as wancrant, and is probably of Teut. origin, cf. M.L.G. welkern, to walk about; it is allied to Eng. " walk," and is not to be directly referred

VALAIS (Ger. Wallis, Ital. Vallese)

JUAN DE VALDES (c. 1500-1541)

VALENCIA DE ALCANTARA

VALENCIA, or VALENTIA

VISCOUNT SIR FRANCIS ANNESLEY VALENTIA (1585-166o)

VALENTINE AND ORSON

VALENTINE, or VALENTINUS

VALENTINIAN III

FERNANDO DE VALENZUELA (163o-1692)

JUAN VALERA Y ALCALA GALIANO (1824-1905)

PUBLIUS LICINIUS VALERIANUS

VALERIC ACID, or VALERIANIC ACID

VALERIUS MAXIMUS

PUBLIUS VALERIUS

VALET (Fr. valet; O. Fr. vaslet)

VALHALLA (Old Norse Valhdll, i.e. " hall of the slain ")

VALKYRIES (Old Norse valkyriur, "choosers of the slain ")

VALLA, LORENZO, or LAURENTIUS (c. 1406-1457)

CLEMENT LAIRD VALLANDIGHAM (182o-71)

PIETRO DELLA VALLE (1586–1652)

VALLETTA, or VALETTA

COUNTS AND DUKES OF VALOIS

HENRI DE [VALESIUS] VALOIS (1603-1676)

RICHARD VALPY (1754-1836)

VALS (Vals-les-Bains)

VALTELLINA (Ger. Veltlin; the name comes from the former capital, Teglio, near Tresenda)

VALUATION AND VALUERS

VALUE (0. Fr. value, from valoir, to be worth, Lat. valere)

VALVE (Lat. valva, a leaf of a double or folding door, allied to volvere, to roll, as of a door on its hinges)

VALYEVO (sometimes written Valjevo or Valievo)

ARMIN VAMBERY (1832– )

VAMPYRELLA (L. Cienkowski)

JAN VAN BEES (1821-1888)