TUMULUS  , a Latin word meaning a heap or See also:

• MOUND

mound, also used in classical writings in the secondary sense of a See also:

• GRAVE

grave . In See also:

• ROMAN

Roman epitaphs we meet with the See also:

• FORMULA
• FORMULA (Lat. diminutive of forma, shape, pattern, &c., especially used of rules of judicial procedure)

formula tumulum faciendum curavit, meaning the grave and its See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument; and on the inscribed monumental stones placed over the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• GRAVES, ALFRED PERCEVAL (1846— )

graves of See also:

• GAUL
• GAUL, GILBERT WILLIAM (1855— )

Gaul and See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain the phrase in hoc tumulo facet expresses the same See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea . But among archaeologists the word is usually restricted in its technical See also:

• MODERN

modern application to a sepulchral mound of greater or less magnitude . The mound may be of See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth, or of stones with a covering of earth, or may be entirely composed of stones . In the latter See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case, if the tumulus of stones covers a megalithic See also:

• CIST (Gr. ,dorn, Lat. cista, a box; cf. Ger. Kiste, Welsh kistvaen, stone-coffin, and also the other Eng. form " chest ")

cist or a sepulchral chamber with a passage leading into it from the outside, it is often called a dolmen . (See See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

STONE MONUMENTS, See also:

• BARROW
• BARROW (from A.S. beorh, a mount or hillock)
• BARROW, ISAAC (1630-1677)
• BARROW, SIR JOHN (1764-1848)

BARROW and See also:

• CAIRN (in Gaelic and Welsh, Carn)

CAIRN.) The See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom of constructing sepulchral tumuli was widely prevalent throughout the prehistoric ages and is referred to in the early literature of various races as a fitting See also:

• COMMEMORATION

commemoration of the illustrious dead . Prehistoric tumuli are found abundantly in almost all parts of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and See also:

• ASIA

Asia from Britain to See also:

• JAPAN

Japan . They occur with frequency also in See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, and in many parts of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AMERICA

America the aboriginal populations have practised similar customs . Sepulchral tumuli, however, vary so much in shape and See also:

• SIZE

size that the See also:

• EXTERNAL

external See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance is no criterion of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age or origin . In North America, especially in the See also:

• WISCONSIN (known as " the Badger' state ")
• WISCONSIN, UNIVERSITY OF

Wisconsin region, there are numerous mounds made in shapes resembling the figures of animals, birds or even human forms . These have not been often found to be sepulchral, but they are associated with sepulchral mounds of the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, some of which are as much as 300 ft. in See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter and 90 ft. in height . Perhaps the largest tumulus on See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record is the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of See also:

• ALYATTES

Alyattes, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• LYDIA

Lydia, situated near See also:

• SARDIS

Sardis, constructed in his own See also:

• LIFE

life-See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, before 56o B.c .

It is a huge mound, 118o ft. in diameter and 200 ft. high . In south-eastern Europe, and especially in See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia, the sepulchral tumuli are very numerous and often of See also:

• GREAT

great size, reaching occasionally to 400 ft. in circumference and over roo ft.-in height . These are mostly of the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek colonies of the Tauric See also:

• CHERSONESE, CHERSONESUS

Chersonese, dating from about the 5th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C. to about the and century A.D., and their contents See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear striking testimony to the See also:

• WEALTH

wealth and culture of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people who reared them .