TURNSTONE  , the name See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long given' to a See also:

• SHORE

shore-See also:

• BIRD

bird, from its See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of turning over with its See also:

• BILL

bill such stones as it can to seek its See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food in the small crustaceans or other animals lurking beneath them . It is the Tringa interpres' of See also:

• LINNAEUS

Linnaeus and Strepsilas interpres of most later writers, and is remarkable as being perhaps the most See also:

• COSMOPOLITAN (Gr. Kbvµos, world, and IroXirgs, citizen)

cosmopolitan of birds; for, though properly belonging to the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern hemisphere, there is scarcely a See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast in the See also:

• WORLD

world on which it may not occur: it has been obtained from Spitzbergen to the Strait of See also:

• MAGELLAN, FERDINAND (in Sp. FERNANDO MAGALLANES, in Port. FERNAO DE MAGALHAES) (c. 1480-152I)

Magellan and from Point See also:

• BARROW
• BARROW (from A.S. beorh, a mount or hillock)
• BARROW, ISAAC (1630-1677)
• BARROW, SIR JOHN (1764-1848)

Barrow to the Cape of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

Good See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

Hope and New See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand—examples from the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern hemisphere being, however, almost invariably in a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of plumage that shows, if not immaturity, yet an ineptitude for See also:

• REPRODUCTION

reproduction . It also, though much less commonly, resorts ' The name seems to appear first in F . See also:

• WILLUGHBY, FRANCIS (1635—1672)

Willughby's Ornithologia (p . 231) in 1676; but he gave as an See also:

• ALIAS (Lat. for " at another time ")

alias that of Sea-Dottrel, under which name a See also:

• DRAWING

drawing, figured by him (pl . 58), was sent to him by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• BROWNE
• BROWNE, EDWARD HAROLD (18,1–1891)
• BROWNE, ISAAC HAWKINS (1705-1760)
• BROWNE, JAMES (1793–1841)
• BROWNE, MAXIMILIAN ULYSSES, COUNT VON, BARON DE CAMUS AND MOUNTANY (1705-1757)
• BROWNE, PETER (?1665-1735)
• BROWNE, ROBERT (1550-1633)
• BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1839–1896)
• BROWNE, SIR THOMAS (1605-1682)
• BROWNE, WILLIAM (1591–1643)
• BROWNE, WILLIAM GEORGE (1768-1813)

Browne . 2 Linnaeus (Oel. och Gothlandska Resa, p . 217), who first met with this bird on the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of Gottland (See also:

• JULY

July 1, 1741), was under the mistaken belief that it was there called Tolk (=interpres) . But that name properly belongs to the See also:

• REDSHANK

REDSHANK (q.v.), from the cry of warning to other animals that it utters on the approach of danger . to the margins of inland See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers and lakes; but it is very rarely seen except near See also:

• WATER

water, and See also:

• SALT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch zout, Ger. Salz, Scand. salt; cognate with Gr. &Xs, Lat. sal)
• SALT, SIR TITUS, BART

salt water for preference . The turnstone is about as big as an See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• SNIPE (0. Eng. Spite, Icel. Snipe, Dutch Snip, Ger. Schnepfe)

snipe; but, compared with most of its See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies of the See also:

• GROUP

group Limicolae, to which it belongs, its See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form is somewhat heavy, and its legs are See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short . Still it is brisk in its movements, and its variegated plumage makes it a pleasing bird .

Seen in front, its See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face, striped with See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black, and broad black See also:

• GORGET (O. Fr. gorgete, dim. of gorge, throat)

gorget attract See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention as it sits, often motionless, on the rocks; while in See also:

• FLIGHT

flight the white of the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• PART

part of the back and white See also:

• BAND

band across the wings are no less conspicuous even at a distance . A nearer view will reveal the See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut of the See also:

• MANTLE

mantle and upper wing-coverts, and the See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of See also:

• COLOURS, MILITARY

colours thus exhibited suggests the See also:

• TERM

term " See also:

• TORTOISE

tortoise-See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell " often applied to it—the See also:

• QUILL

quill-feathers being mostly of a dark See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown and its lower parts pure white . The deeper tints are, however, See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar to the nuptial plumage, or are only to be faintly traced at other times, so that in See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter the adults—and the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young always--have a much plainer See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance, ashy-See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey and white being almost the only hues observable . From the fact that turnstones may be met with at almost any See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season in various parts of the world, and especially on islands as the Canaries, See also:

• AZORES (Acores), or WESTERN ISLANDS

Azores, and many of those in the See also:

• BRITISH

British seas, it has been inferred that these birds may breed in such places . In some cases this may prove to be true, but in most See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence to that effect is wanting . In See also:

• AMERICA

America the breeding-range of this See also:

• SPECIES

species has not been defined . In See also:

• EUROPE

Europe there is good See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to suppose that it includes See also:

• SHETLAND, or ZETLAND

Shetland; but it is on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-western coast of the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

Continent, from See also:

• JUTLAND (Danish Jylland)

Jutland to the extreme north of See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway, that the greatest number are reared . The See also:

• NEST

nest, contrary to the habits of most Limicolae, is generally placed under a ledge of See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock which shelters the bird from observation,' and therein are laid four eggs, of a See also:

• LIGHT

light See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

olive-See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green, closely blotched with brown, and hardly to be mistaken for those of any other bird . A second species of turnstone is admitted by some authors and denied by others . This is the S. melanocephalus of the Pacific coast of North America, which is on the See also:

• AVERAGE

average larger than S. interpres, and never exhibits any of the chestnut colouring . Though the genus Strepsilas seems to be rightly placed among the Charadriidae (see See also:

• PLOVER

PLOVER), it occupies a somewhat abnormal position among them, and in the form of its short pointed See also:

• BEAK (early forms beke and becke, from Fr. bec, late Lat. beccus, supposed to be a Gaulish word; the Celtic bec and beq, however, are taken from the English)

beak and its variegated coloration has hardly any very near relative . (A .