TVL  . Tullius, Tullus . V . V . Urbs, Usus, Uxor, Vale, Verba, Vestalis, Vester, Vir, Vivus, Vixit,

Volo, Votum . V.A . Veterano assignatus, Vixit annos . V.C . Vale conjux, Vir clarissimus, Vir consularis . V.E . Verum etiam, Vir egregius, Visum est . V.F .

Usus fructus, Verba fecit, Vivus fecit . V.P . Urbis praefectus, Vir perfectissimus, Vivus posuit . V.R . Urbs

Roma, Uti rogas, Votum reddidit . II . MEDIEVAL ABBREVIATIONS.—Of the different kinds of abbreviations in use in the middle ages, the following are examples : A.M . Ave Maria . B.P . Beatus Paulus, Beatus Petrus . CC . Carissimus (also plur .

Carissimi), Clarissimus, Circum . D . Deus, Dominicus, Dux . D.N.PP . Dominus noster Papa . FF . Felicissimus, Fratres, Pandectae (prob. for Gr . II) . I.C. or I.X . Jesus Christus . I.D.N . In Dei nomine .

KK . Karissimus (or -mi) . MM . Magistri, Martyres, Matrimonium, Meritissimus . O.S.B . Ordinis Sancti Benedicti . PP . Papa, Patres, Piissimus . R.F . Rex Francoruin . R.P.D . Reverendissimus

Pater Dominus .

S.C.M . Sacra Caesarea Majestas . S.M.E . Sancta Mater

Ecclesia . S.M.M . Sancta Mater Maria . S.R.I . Sanctum Romanum Imperium . S.V . Sanctitas Vestra, Sancta Virgo . V . Venerabilis, Venerandus .

V.R.P . Vestra Reverendissima Paternitas . The

ordinary abbreviations, now or recently in use, may be conveniently classified under the following headings:— P . P . Pars, Passus, Pater, Patronus, Pax, Perpetuus, Pes, Pius, Plebs, Pondo, Populus, Post, Posuit, Praeses, Praetor, Primus, Pro, Provincia, Publicus, Publius, Puer . P.C . Pactum conventum, Patres conscripti, Pecunia constitute, Ponendum curavit, Post consulatum, Potestate censoria . P.F . Pia fidelis, Pius felix, Promissa fides, Publii filius . P.M . Piae memoriae, Plus minus, Pontifex maximus . P.P .

Pater patratus,Pater patriae,Pecunia publica,Praepositus, Primipilus, Propraetor . PR . Praeses, Praetor, Pridie,

Prince . P.R . Permissu reipublicae, Populus Romanus . P.R.C . Post Romam conditam . 8% . I . ABBREVIATED TITLES AND DESIGNATIONS . A.A . Associate of Arts .

A.B . Able-bodied

seaman; (in America) Bachelor of Arts . A.D.C . Aide-de-Camp . A.M . (Artium Magister), Master of Arts . A.R.A . Associate of the Royal Academy . A.R.I.B . A . Associate of the Royal Institution of British Architects . A.R.S.A .

Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy . B . A . Bachelor of Arts .

Bart . Baronet . B.C.L . Bachelor of Civil Law . B.D . Bachelor of Divinity . B.LL . Bachelor of Laws .

B.Sc . Bachelor of

Science . C . Chairman . C.A . Chartered Accountant . C.B . Companion of the Bath . C.E . Civil Engineer . C.I.E . Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire .

C.M . (Chirurgiae Magister), Master in

Surgery . C.M.G . Companion of St Michael and St George . C.S.I . Companion of the Star of India . D.C.L . Doctor of Civil Law . D.D . Doctor of Divinity . D.Lit. or Litt . D .

Doctor of Literature . D.M . Doctor of

Medicine (Oxford) . D.Sc . Doctor of Science . D.S.O . Distinguished Service Order . Ebor . (Eboracensis) of York.' F.C.S . Fellow of the Chemical Society . F.D . (Fidel Defensor), Defender of the Faith .

F.F.P.S . Fellow of the

Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons (Glasgow) . F.G.S . Fellow of the Geological Society . F.K.Q.C.P.I . Fellow of King and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland . F.L.S . ` Fellow of the Linnaean Society . F.M . Field Marshal . F.P.S . Fellow of the Philological Society .

F.R.A.S . Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society . F.R C.P . Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians . F.R.C.P.E . Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of

Edinburgh . F.R.C.S . Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons . F.R.G.S . Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society . F.R.H.S . Fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society .

F.R.Hist.

Soc . Fellow of the Royal Historical Society . F.R.I.B.A . Fellow of the Royal Institution of British Architects . F.R.S . Fellow of the Royal Society . F.R.S.E . Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . F.R.S.L . Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature . F.S.A . Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries .

F.S.S . Fellow of the Statistical Society . F.Z.S . Fellow of the Zoological Society . G.C.B .

Knight Grand Cross of the Bath . G.C.H . Knight Grand Cross of Hanover . G.C.I.E . Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire . G.C.M.G . Knight Grand Cross of St Michael and St George .

G.C.S.I . Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India . G.C.V.O . Knight Grand Commander of the Victorian Order . H.H . His or Her

Highness . H.I.H . His or Her Imperial Highness . H.I.M . His or Her Imperial Majesty . H.M . His or Her Majesty .

H.R.H . His or Her Royal Highness . H.S.H . His or Her Serene Highness .

Judge . C.D . (Jura Canonici Doctor, or Juris Civilis Doctor), Doctor of Canon or Civil Law . J.U.D . (furls utriusque Doctor), Doctor of Civil and Canon Law . .P . Justice of the Peace . K.C .

King's Counsel . K.C.B . Knight Commander of the Bath . K.C.I.E . Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire . K.C.M.G . Knight Commander of St Michael and St George . - K.C.S.I . Knight Commander of the Star of India . K.C.V.O . Knight Commander of the Victorian Order . K.G .

Knight of the Garter . K.P . Knight of St

Patrick . K.T . Knight of the Thistle . L.A.H . Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Hall . L.C.C . London County Council, or Councillor . L.C.J . Lord Chief Justice- i An archbishop or bishop, in writing his signature, substitutes for his surname the name of his see; thus the prelates of Canterbury, York, Oxford, London, &c., subscribe themselves with their initials (Christian names only), followed by Cantuar., Ebor., Oxon., Londin . (sometimes London.), &c .

L.J . Lord Justice . L.L.A .

Lady Literate in Arts . LL.B . (Legum Baccalaureus), Bachelor of Laws . LL.D . (Legum . Doctor), Doctor of Laws . LL.M . (Legum Magister), Master of Laws . L.R.C.P .

Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians . L.R.C.S . Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons . L.S.A . Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Society . M.A . Master of Arts . M.B . (Medicine Baccalaureus), Bachelor of Medicine .. M.C . Member of

Congress . M.D .

(Medicinae Docior), Doctor of Medicine . M.Inst.C.E . Member of the

Institute of Civil Engineers . M.P . Member of Parliament . M.R . Master of the Rolls . M.R.C.P . Member of the Royal College of Physicians . M.R.C.S . Member of the Royal College of Surgeons . M.R.I.A .

Member of the Royal Irish Academy .

Mus.B . Bachelor of Music . Mus.D . Doctor of Music . M.V.O . Member of the Victorian Order . N.P . Notary Public . O.M . Order of Merit . P.C .

Privy Councillor . Ph.D . (Philosophiae Doctor), Doctor of

Philosophy . P.P . Parish Priest . P.R.A . President of the Royal Academy . R . (Rex, Regina), King, Queen . R . & I . Rex et Imperator .

R.A . Royal Academician, Royal

Artillery . R.A.M . Royal Academy of Music . R.E . Royal Engineers . Reg . Prof . Regius Professor . R.M . Royal Marines, Resident Magistrate . R.N .

Royal

Navy . S. or St . Saint . S.S.C . Solicitor before the Supreme Courts [of Scotland] . S.T.P . (Sacrosanctae Theologiae Professor), Professor of Sacred Theology . V.C . Vice-Chancellor, Victoria Cross . V.G . Vicar-General . V.S .

Veterinary Surgeon . W.S . Writer to the Signet [in Scotland] .

Equivalent to Attorney . 2 .