WAT [or See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

WALTER] See also:

• TYLER
• TYLER, JOHN (1790—1862)
• TYLER, MOSES COIT (1835—1900)
• WAT [or WALTER] TYLER (d. 1381)

TYLER (d. 1381)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• REBEL, JOHANN PETER (176o-1826)

rebel, a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of obscure origin, was a native either of See also:

• KENT
• KENT, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• KENT, JAMES (1763-1847)
• KENT, WILLIAM (1685-1748)

Kent or of See also:

• ESSEX
• ESSEX, ARTHUR CAPEL
• ESSEX, EARLS OF
• ESSEX, KINGDOM OF
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX
• ESSEX, ROBERT DEVEREUX, 2ND2 EARL OF (1566-1601)
• ESSEX, WALTER DEVEREUX, IST2 EARL OF (1541–1576)

Essex . Nothing definite is known of him previous to the outbreak of the See also:

• PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

peasant revolt in 1381, but See also:

• FROISSART, JEAN (1338-1410?)

Froissart says he had served as a soldier in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, and a Kentishman in the See also:

• RETINUE (O. Fr. retenue, from retenir, Lat. retenere, hold back, retain)

retinue of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard II. professed to identify him as a notorious See also:

• ROGUE

rogue and robber of Kent . The name See also:

• TYLER
• TYLER, JOHN (1790—1862)
• TYLER, MOSES COIT (1835—1900)
• TYLER, WAT [or WALTER] (d. 1381)

Tyler, or Teghler, is a See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade designation and not a surname . The discontent of the rural labourers and of the poorer class of craftsmen in the towns, caused by the economic See also:

• DISTRESS

distress that followed the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• DEATH

Death and the enactment of the See also:

• STATUTE

Statute of Labourers in 1351, was brought to a See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head by the See also:

• IMPOSITION (from Lat. imponere, to place or lay upon)

imposition of a See also:

• POLL

poll tax in 1379 and again in 1381, and at the end of May in the latter See also:

• YEAR

year riots See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out at See also:

• BRENTWOOD

Brentwood in Essex; on the 4th of See also:

• JUNE

June similar violence occurred at See also:

• DARTFORD

Dartford; and on the 6th a See also:

• MOB

mob several thousands strong seized the See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Roches-ter and marched up the See also:

• MEDWAY

Medway to See also:

• MAIDSTONE

Maidstone . Here they See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose Wat Tyler to be their See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader, and in the next few days the rising spread over Kent, where much pillage and damage to See also:

• PROPERTY

property occurred . On the loth Tyler seized See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury, sacked the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

Archbishop See also:

• SUDBURY
• SUDBURY, SIMON OF (d. 1381)

Sudbury, the See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor, and beheaded three citizens as " traitors." Next See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day he led his followers, strengthened by many Kentish recruits, on the road to See also:

• LONDON

London, being joined at Maidstone by See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

Ball (q.v.), whom the mob had liberated from the archbishop's See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison . Reaching See also:

• BLACKHEATH

Blackheath on the 12th, the insurgents burnt the prisons in See also:

• SOUTHWARK

Southwark and pillaged the archbishop's palace at See also:

• LAMBETH

Lambeth, while another See also:

• BODY

body of rebels from Essex encamped at Mile End . See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Richard II. was at the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower, but neither the king's councillors nor the municipal authorities had taken any See also:

• MEASURES

measures to See also:

• COPE
• COPE (M.E. cape, cope, from Med. Lat. capa, cappa)
• COPE, EDWARD DRINKER (1840-1897)
• COPE, EDWARD MEREDITH (1818-1873)

cope with the rising . The draw-See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge of London Bridge having been lowered by treachery, Tyler and his followers crossed the See also:

• THAMES

Thames; and being joined by thousands of London apprentices, artisans and criminals, they sacked and burnt John of Gaunt's splendid palace of the See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy, the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the treasurer, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• HALES, JOHN (1584-1656)
• HALES, or HAYLES, JOHN (d. 1571)
• HALES, STEPHEN (1677-1761)

Hales, and the prisons of Newgate and the See also:

• FLEET

Fleet . On the 14th Richard II., a boy of fourteen, undertook the perilous enter-prise of See also:

• RIDING

riding out to confer with the rebels beyond the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall . At Mile End the king met Wat Tyler; a lengthy and tumultuous See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference, during which several persons were slain, took See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, in which Tyler demanded the immediate abolition of See also:

• SERFDOM (from Fr. serf, Lat. servus, a servant or slave)

serfdom and all feudal services, and the removal of all restrictions on freedom of labour and trade, as well as a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• AMNESTY (from the Gr. &µvrly-ria, oblivion)

amnesty for the insurgents . Richard had no choice but to concede these demands, and charters were immediately See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up to give effect to them .

While this was in progress Tyler with a small See also:

• BAND

band of followers returned to the Tower, which they entered, and dragged forth Archbishop Sudbury and Sir Robert Hales from the See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel and murdered them on Tower See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

Hill . During the following See also:

• NIGHT

night and day London was given over to See also:

• PLUNDER

plunder and slaughter, the victims being chiefly Flemish merchants, lawyers and See also:

• PERSONAL

personal adherents of John of Gaunt, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster . Meantime the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of property began to organize themselves for the restoration of See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . On the 15th of June, Richard, after See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

confession and receiving the See also:

• SACRAMENT

Sacrament, rode to Smithfield for a further conference with the rebels . See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

Close to St See also:

• BARTHOLOMEW, JOHN (1831-1893)
• BARTHOLOMEW, SAINT

Bartholomew's See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church he met Wat Tyler, who advanced from the ranks of the insurgents and shook the king's See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, bidding him be of See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good cheer . Tyler then formulated a number of fresh demands, including the See also:

• CONFISCATION (from Lat. confiscare, to consign to the fiscus, or imperial treasury)

confiscation of ecclesiastical estates and the institution of social equality . Richard replied that the popular See also:

• DESIRE

desire should be satisfied " saving the regalities of the See also:

• CROWN

Crown." Tyler thereupon See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew insolent, and in the altercation that ensued the rebel leader was killed by the See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor, Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• WALWORTH, SIR WILLIAM (d. 1385)

Walworth (q.v.), and John Standwick, one of the king's squires . The rebels now handled their bows in a menacing See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion, but at the See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical moment the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young king with See also:

• GREAT

great presence of mind and courage spurred his See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse into the open, crying, " Sirs, will you shoot your king ? I will be your See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief and See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain, you shall have from me all that you seek." Richard then led the mob to a neighbouring meadow, where he kept them in parley till Walworth, who had returned within the city to summon the loyal citizens to the king's aid, returned with a sufficient following to overawe and disperse the rebels . With the death of Wat Tyler the rising in London and the See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home counties quickly subsided, though in See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East Anglia it flickered a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time longer under the leadership of John Wraw and See also:

• GEOFFREY
• GEOFFREY (1158-1186)
• GEOFFREY (c. I152-1212)

Geoffrey Litster until suppressed by the See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• DESPENSER, HUGH LE (1262-1326)
• DESPENSER, HUGH LE (d. 1265)

Despenser, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• NORWICH
• NORWICH, GEORGE GORING, EARL OF (1583?-1663)

Norwich . About Iro persons were executed for the See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion in Kent and Essex, including John Ball, and See also:

• JACK

Jack See also:

• STRAW

Straw, Tyler's chief See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant.' The enfranchisement of villeins granted by Richard at the Mile End conference was revoked by See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament in 1382, and no permanent results were obtained for the, peasants by Wat Tyler's revolt .